What are the types of garden roads and the problems that should be paid attention to when paving?

The following are the questions about the types of garden roads brought by Zhong Da Consulting, and the problems that should be paid attention to when paving, for your reference.

The garden road mentioned here refers to the roads, squares and other pavements in the green space. It is an indispensable part of the garden and the skeleton and network of the garden. The planning and layout of garden roads often reflect different landscape characteristics and styles. For example, the classical gardens in Suzhou, China pay attention to twists and turns, while the classical gardens in Versailles, Western Europe pay attention to plane geometry. The following are some problems that the author considers when designing parks and plantations for readers' reference and discussion.

The function of Garden Road is different from that of most urban roads. It not only organizes transportation; There are also its landscape requirements: organizing tour routes; Paving, alignment and color of garden roads and squares provide a place to rest, which is also a part of garden landscape. In short, the garden road guides tourists to scenic spots, organizes tourists to rest and enjoys the scenery along the way, and the garden road itself has become an ornamental object.

It is instructive to recall Mr. Hu's analysis and discussion of "Meiyingpo" when he explained the Peony Garden. Facing the plum heap, lay the ground with its reflection. This situation makes people drift from place to place and linger. Types and scale of garden roads Generally speaking, there are the following types of garden roads in green space:

Main road. To contact the whole park, transportation, production, ambulance, fire fighting and sightseeing vehicles must be considered. 7 ~ 8 meters wide.

Secondary road. Communicate with various scenic spots and buildings, and connect with light vehicles and rickshaws. 3 ~ 4 meters wide.

Boulevard, riverside road, various squares.

Leisure trails, health trails. Double walking 1.2 ~ 1.5m, single walking 0.6-1m. Healthy walking is the most popular form of foot massage in recent years. Massage the acupoints on the soles of the feet by walking on the gravel road to achieve the purpose of fitness, but it is also a landscape.

There are three points to emphasize here:

First, the paving width and the spatial scale of the garden road are related but different concepts. The roads in the old city are narrow, and there are not many green streets, so how wide the road surface is, how much space there is. Garden road is a part of green space, and its space size includes not only the width of road surface, but also the influence of surrounding terrain. You cannot replace the space size requirement with the pavement width. Generally, the traffic frequency of garden green space is not high, and the flow of people is scattered. There is no need to expand the scope of pavement, reduce the area of green space and increase the project investment in pursuit of the bold and magnificent landscape. On the contrary, we should pay attention to the changes of space on both sides of the garden road, and use perspective lines and appropriate buffer grass to broaden our horizons and solve the problem of crowd distribution during holidays and gatherings. The most magnificent landscape in the garden is green plant landscape, not artificial buildings.

Second, the scale and distribution density of parks and squares should be an objective and reasonable reflection of the density of people flow. The above road widths are general reference values. On the other hand, it shows that the scale and density of crowded places, such as playgrounds and entrance doors, are larger; On the contrary, leisure and pedestrian areas are smaller. If this requirement is not met, the green space will be easily destroyed. It is for this reason that the grassland of People's Park in the center of Shanghai in the 1960s and 1970s was known as covered with gold. At present, many planning and design, in turn, exaggerate the role of the fifth facade and flooring, increase construction investment, and also lead to exposure all day, with only a handful of pedestrians, which is unfavorable to the ecology. Can't say it's a shortcoming.

Of course, this is also related to the nature, style and status of garden green space. For example, the size and density of zoos are larger than those of ordinary rest parks; Urban areas are bigger than suburban parks; Due to the dense buildings, the paved area of China classical gardens is often large. The ground for laying buildings and equipment is a part of the tour guide route, but it is not a garden road, but an extension and supplement of the garden road.

Third, in the large-scale new green space, such as the artificial forest park in the suburbs, due to its large scale, ranging from several thousand mu to 10 thousand mu, it is necessary to give priority to gradually building garden roads. At the beginning of the construction of the garden, as long as the road can meet the requirements of production and transportation, such as every 200 ~ 500 meters, its density will be fine. With the gradual formation of the landscape, other parks, paths and facilities will be built to save investment. In the initial construction, it is also the most reasonable and beneficial to build only the subgrade of Luyuan Road, such as the coastal artificial forest park in Nanhui.

Linetype of Garden Road:

(1) The planned garden road has two different garden styles: free bending and regular straight line. Of course, while using one method as the main method, it can also be supplemented by another method. Careful observation shows that Shanghai Yangpu Park is natural as a whole, and the entrance section is regular. Fuxing Park, on the other hand, has regular yandang road and felt flower beds, while the rocks and waterfalls behind it are natural. There is nothing wrong with this complementarity. No matter what style is adopted, it is forbidden to break the road and turn back. Unless there are obvious destinations, landscapes and buildings.

(2) The garden road is not facing the central axis, and the two sides are parallel and unchanged, and the garden road can be asymmetrical. The most typical example is century avenue, Pudong: the road width is 100 m, the center line has moved to the south by 10 m, the sidewalk on the north side is 44 m wide, and six rows of street trees have been planted. The sidewalk on the south side is 24 meters wide and two rows of street trees are planted; The width of the sidewalk adds up to more than twice that of the driveway.

(3) The garden road can also adopt variable cross-section type according to functional requirements. If the width of the turning point is different; The extended boundary of the stool chair; Roadside kiosks; There is also the combination of Garden Road and Little Square, and so on. In this way, the width is different, and the combination of right and wrong makes the garden road changeable and vivid, so that the leisure and stay on the road are combined with people's walking and sports, and each is in its proper place.

(4) The turn of the garden road is tortuous. This is not a problem in a garden with good natural conditions: because of the terrain, it is very natural and tortuous. Shanghai is generally not like this. In order to prolong the tour route, increase the interest of tour and improve the utilization rate of green space, the garden road is often designed in a winding state, but the garden land in Shanghai has not changed much, and it is often dominated by Ma Pingchuan. At this time, it is necessary to artificially create some conditions to match the turning and ups and downs of the garden road. For example, some rocks and trees are arranged at the corner, or the terrain is undulating, so that the curve is reasonable and the road is in the green space; Not three steps and one bend, five steps and one song, but bending for music, existing outside the green space. Chen Congzhou said: "In the garden, music and straightness are relative, so straightness should be contained in music, used flexibly and straightened freely. If you plan, you must do it: "Although it is made by people, it is like heaven. "

(5) At the intersection of Yuanlu Road, the following points should be noted:

Avoid multiple intersections. Along the way, the road conditions are complex and the direction is unknown.

As close to orthogonal as possible. The acute angle is too small, which makes it difficult for vehicles to turn. Pedestrians should wear green spaces.

Clear priorities. There should be obvious differences in width, paving and direction.

With scenery and characteristics. In particular, the three-way intersection can form a scene, which is fresh in people's memory and unforgettable.

(6) When the garden road is on the hillside, the slope is ≥ 6, and it should be like a winding mountain road along the contour line. When considering bicycles, the slope is ≤ 8, and the car is ≤15; If human tricycles is considered, the slope is still small, ≤3. When the pedestrian slope is ≥ 10%, the design steps should be considered. It is a good thing that the garden road and the contour line cross obliquely and zigzag back and forth, increasing the viewing points and viewing surfaces.

(7) Arrange venues and roads for the disabled. It is suggested that the pavement of the garden road should use the surface layer of block materials-sand, stone, wood, prefabricated products, etc. And Shaji is this type of garden road. This is a garden-ecological-environmental protection road with air permeability above and water seepage below. The reason for this proposal is based on the following considerations:

(1) meets the requirements of green space ecology. It is breathable and permeable, which is very beneficial to the growth of trees. At the same time, reduce the drainage outside the ditch and increase the groundwater recharge.

(2) Coordinate with the landscape. Natural and wild, leaving less artificial traces. Especially this type of green space, the plantation in the suburbs, is not wrong at all.

(3) Newly-built gardens, especially those in Shanghai, often have some or even most of the roads and squares on the newly-filled soil due to terrain changes.

(4) The construction of garden green space is a long-term process, which should be constantly supplemented and improved. This kind of pavement is suitable for construction by stages. Even if a trench pipe is temporarily placed to raise the local pavement, it is very easy to avoid the need for abdominal incision like rigid pavement.

(5) Except during the construction period, the traffic frequency of Huayuan Road is not high, and there are not many heavy vehicles.

(6) It is the inheritance and extension of China's traditional gardening techniques. Points for attention in paving block pavement;

The same space in the square and the same direction of the garden road, it is better to use a style of pavement. In this way, several different places are paved with different pavements to form the whole park, so as to achieve the purpose of seeking common ground while reserving differences. In fact, this is based on the pavement of the garden road to express the different properties, uses and areas of the garden road.

A pavement can be composed of blocks with different sizes, materials and assembly methods. The key is what to use and where to shop. For example, the main roads and places with heavy traffic flow should be firm, flat, non-slip and wear-resistant, with simple and generous lines, which is convenient for construction and management. If the same stone is used, change the size or build by laying bricks or stones. Paths, small spaces and leisure avenues can be more colorful, such as China classical gardens. It is necessary to study the characteristics of other garden elements where the garden road is located in order to create a distinctive and popular pavement. For example, the bamboo path in Hangzhou is quiet, and the crane map between the Wu Fengxian Mountain Pavilion and the Crane Pavilion in Suzhou is integrated with the environment, which is poetic and picturesque. Ji Cheng has discussed this issue in Yuan Ye&; Quot But in the vast building of the hall, a polished brick is paved, such as a path, long stones, the atrium style should be stacked, and the building can also be palindrome. Choose goose with octagonal inlay to spread Sichuan brocade.

The size and shape of the block material should not only be in harmony with the environment and space, but also be suitable for free and tortuous linear paving, which is the key to simple construction; The thickness of the surface layer should be moderate, the rough surface should be suitable for baby carriages and high heels, the fine surface should not slip or fall off in rainy days, and the block modulus should be coordinated with the width of the road; Made of different materials, the color, texture and shape contrast strongly.

The edge of block pavement should be reinforced. Damage often starts here. □ Avoid questions. There are different opinions on whether to pave kerbs on Huayuan Road. The author thinks it is necessary to negotiate according to the facts: ① to see if it is necessary to pull over when using cleaning machinery; (2) After using blocks, build by laying bricks or stones with neat edges; ③ Whether the side stone can reinforce the edge of the garden road; The most important thing is whether the green space on both sides of the garden road is higher than the road surface. When greening has not yet taken shape, side stones should be used to prevent soil erosion.

It is recommended to use more natural materials. Close to nature, unpretentious, inexpensive and durable. Even old materials and wastes can be turned into valuables with a little processing. There is a kind of pavement in Japan that is paved with coarse sand. We used to have cinder pavement. Broken marble granite slabs are also widely used, and stone chips are usually used as fillers. The old bricks and tiles demolished today are not good materials for traditional garden roads. According to the usage of Hongqiao Garden, the stone pavement with a thickness of more than 1.50mm (including the completed pavement) is less than 1.50 yuan/m2, and the price of bouncing stone is less than 1.00 yuan/m2 (excluding the gravel cushion constructed in the early stage), which is cheaper than using concrete pavement.

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