The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period nominally belonged to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Where is the position of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty on the map of the Spring and Autumn Period

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period nominally belonged to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Where is the position of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty on the map of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? After Zhou Youwang's death, Prince Yi Jiu acceded to the throne for Zhou Pingwang. In view of the ruin of Hao Jing and the threat of dog Rong, in 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi and established the Eastern Zhou Dynasty under the protection of princes such as Zheng, Qin and Jin. According to Zuo Zhuan, there were 140 vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period. The most important countries are Qi, Jin, Chu, Qin, Lu, Song, Zheng, Wei, Chen, Cai, Wu and Yue.

Niu Geng was widely used in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Excavation in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other places shows that farming has been popularized in the Central Plains, water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, and the climax of water conservancy construction focusing on farmland irrigation has gradually emerged. There are many types of water conservancy projects, such as pond water storage, irrigation and flood diversion, canal irrigation and multi-head water diversion. The architectural technology of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has reached a high level. The famous Luban, that is, Lu Guoren, is an outstanding representative of folk craftsmen, and later generations are honored as the founder.

Most of the architectural relics of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty found in archaeological excavations are palace ruins, and the most common architectural components unearthed are tile-slabs, bronze bucket arches, bronze ornaments, bronze house models and so on. From this, we can imagine the grandeur of palace architecture in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, great powers fought for hegemony and wars were frequent. Due to the political, military and economic needs, the vassal States spared no effort to expand roads to more remote and dangerous places on the basis of the traffic trunk lines of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which objectively promoted the development of traffic.

The Silk Road, which spread westward in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, even crossed Eurasia. At that time, the use of carriages was very common. At this time, the "Ji Wang" directly under the jurisdiction of the Emperor of Heaven was greatly reduced under the constant harassment of Emperor Rong and the constant encroachment of governors. In the end, there are only one or two hundred miles left in Chengzhou Fiona Fang, which is the site of the western corner of Henan today; At the same time, the emperor's power to control the vassals and his direct military power were increasingly lost. The son of heaven not only demands from the ruler economically, but also is often dominated by the ruler politically. But the son of heaven, in the name of the Lord of "* * *", still has appeal. As a result, some vassal States, which became stronger with the development of local economy, actively developed their own power under the banner of the royal family.

the Spring and Autumn Period

At that time, some big vassal States were constantly engaged in merger wars in order to compete for land, population and dominance over other vassal States. Whoever wins will hold a vassal state meeting to force everyone to admit his "overlord" status. Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang have emerged as hegemons. Historically, they were called "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period".

In the process of vassal hegemony, big countries merged with small countries, and the number of vassal countries gradually decreased, and Huaxia people had frequent exchanges with other ethnic groups, which promoted national integration. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River also participated in the hegemony war. At first, the State of Wu defeated the State of Yue and forced it to yield. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, licked his guts every day and was determined to take revenge. He pays attention to increasing production, training and accumulating strength. After long-term efforts, the State of Yue finally regained its strength and finally destroyed the State of Wu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, ironware has been used in agriculture and handicraft production. Iron hoes and axes are used in agricultural production. Iron is hard and sharp, better than wood, stone and bronze tools. The use of iron marks a significant improvement in social productivity. At that time, Niu Gengdi also began to use it. Farming techniques have been improved and agricultural production has been further developed. Some nobles turned public land into private land and gradually adopted new exploitation methods, which made farm workers hand over most of their products and keep some.

Chunqiu was named after Confucius revised Chunqiu. This book records the history from the year of Luyin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (48 BC1year). For convenience, modern scholars generally refer to the period from the first year (770 BC) to the forty-third year of the week (477 BC or 476 BC) as the "Spring and Autumn Period".

Warring States period

From 475 BC to 22 BC1year, it was the Warring States Period in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after a long and fierce war for hegemony, the main vassal states were Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" in history.

In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, with the construction of water conservancy, the use of ironware and the popularization of Niu Geng, the economy of vassal states developed and the political situation changed. The influence of high officials in vassal states gradually expanded, such as Sanhuan in Lu, Shi Tian in Qi and Liu Qing in Jin. They use their own economic strength to control and carve up public offices and fight with each other to expand their territory. In the end, the six Qing countries of Jin fought, leaving only Han, Wei and Zhao. In the twenty-third year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC), the King of Zhou officially recognized the three clans as princes. In the 11th year of King Zhou An (before 39 1), Tian Min abolished Qi Kanggong and became a king on his own, which was also recognized by King Zhou An. The victory of Sanjin and Tian revealed the cruel political law of survival of the strong and elimination of the weak. Therefore, from the beginning of political reform, countries rushed to carry out political reform movements aimed at rich countries. The core of the reform is to fix workers on the land to increase the state's tax revenue. With the deepening of social civilization, the rulers' greed for material enjoyment has expanded rapidly. The most direct way to increase exploitation is to plunder more land, and the most convenient way to plunder land is war. Therefore, wars were frequent during this period. According to statistics, there were 230 wars in the 255 years from the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (475 BC) to the twenty-sixth year of Qin (2265438 BC+0 BC). When the war broke out, both sides dispatched tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people at every turn. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled all kinds of historical materials into a book called The Warring States Policy. Since then, this historical stage has been called the Warring States Period.

Spring and Autumn Period (14):

Zhou Pingwang (770-720 BC)

King Jilin of Zhou Huan (7 19 BC-697 BC)

* Ji Tuo, King of Zhouzhuang (696-682 BC)

* Zhou dynasty (68 BC1year-677 BC)

Ji Lang, Zhou Huiwang (676-652 BC)

* King Zheng Ji of Zhou Xiang (65 BC1year to 6 BC19).

King Ji Renchen of Zhou Qing (6 18 BC-6 13 BC)

* Ji Ban, King Kuang of Zhou (6 12 BC-607 BC)

* Yuji, the ruler of the Zhou Dynasty (606 BC-586 BC)

King Ji Yi of Zhou Jianguo (585-572 BC)

* Ji Xiexin, (57 BC1year to 545 BC)

* Ji Gui, King Zhou Jing (544 BC-52 BC1year)

* Zhou mourned the king (520 BC)

* Beggars of the Zhou Dynasty (520-477 BC)

Warring States period (12):

Zhou Yuanwang Renji (476-469 BC)

* Zhou Zhen Dingwang (468 BC-44 BC1)

* Ji Quji, king of the Zhou Dynasty (44 BC1)

* Ji Shu, king of Zeus (44 BC1year).

* Zhou (44 BC1-426 BC)

* King Wu Ji of Zhou Weilie (425 BC-402 BC)

* Ji Jiao, King Anguo of Zhou (40 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-376 BC)

* Ji, King Lie of Zhou (375-369 BC)

* Ji Bian, king of Zhou Xian (368 BC-32 BC1year)

* Zhou Hewang (320 BC-3 BC15 years)

Zhou Nanwang Ji Yan (365438-256 BC)

* Zhou (255 BC-249 BC)

[Edit this paragraph] Eastern Zhou Dynasty vassal states

In addition to qi, Jin, Chu, Qin, Chen, Cai and wuyue, there are:

1, Song State: a part of the land between today's southeastern Henan Province and today's Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The capital was originally in Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu, Henan)

2. Lu: There is now the southeast of Shandong Province, and its capital is Qufu (now Qufu, Shandong Province).

3. Zheng Guo: In today's central Henan Province, the capital is Zheng (now xinzheng city, Henan Province).

4. Defending the country: in the north between Henan Province and Shandong Province, the capital is Puyang (now Puyang, Henan Province).

5. Juguo: There are Anqiu, Zhucheng, Yishui, Juxian and Rizhao counties in Shandong, and its capital is Juxian (now Juxian, Shandong).

6. Zou Guo: Today, there are counties and cities such as Fei, Zoucheng, Tengzhou, Jining and Jinxiang in Shandong Province, and the capital is Zou (now the south of Zoucheng, Shandong Province).

7. Zhou Dynasty: During the Warring States Period, there were only Luoyang, Yanshi, Gong, Ruyang, the other side of the Yellow River and now wen county in Henan. Jiandu Zhou (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province). (Although it is not a vassal state in name, it has actually become a vassal state)

8. Qi State: There is a Qixian county in Kaifeng, Henan Province.

9. Cai Guo: There is now Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province (now Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province).

10, Tan Guo: Now there is the southwest of Shandong Tancheng.

1 1, Ren Guo: There is now the northern part of Jining, Shandong.

12, Tengguo: Located in the southwest of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province.

13, Guo Xue: It is about the southeast of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province today.

14,: located in the east of Feixian County, Shandong Province, and the other is the capital of Sliding Country, located in Huaxian County, Henan Province.

15, Guo Ni: The country of Zoubiefeng lies in the east of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and the northwest of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province.

16, Zeng Guo: In the early Warring States period, it occupied Suixian County in Shangqiu, Henan Province or Xinyang City in Henan Province, and established Xiyang as its capital (now southwest of Guangshan, Henan Province).

17, Gou Guo: In the northwest of Cangshan Mountain in Shandong Province, it was destroyed by Ju Guo in 567 BC, and then it was restored to the motherland, and it was destroyed by Yue in 450 BC.

18, Pizhou: The junction of Danshui and Yishui should be in the south of Shandong Province, east of Song State and south of Tan State.