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Caofeidian, an island in Bohai Bay that has been silent for thousands of years, covers an area of less than 4 square kilometers and is in the high tide period. Today is a world-famous big steel plant.

On the morning of April 7, the reporter of Outlook Newsweek drove here. In the strong sea breeze, the sea water from cutter suction ships turns over sand, and the construction of engineering vehicles, car ferry and oil terminals, including hundreds of thousands of tons and thousands of tons of ships entering the port, are all iron ore giants. ...

The GPS satellite navigation system of the interview car is exactly what we are driving at sea level now. A year ago, was this land still a sea of Wang Yang? Obviously, there is no time to adjust the reporter's position on the electronic map.

A 3 10 square kilometer industrial zone is coming out. A modern city with four major industries, namely "big port, big steel, big chemical industry and big energy", has risen rapidly here. "Big Steel" refers to a large-scale modern iron and steel joint enterprise with an annual output of 654.38+10,000 tons of plates, sustainable development and international competitiveness.

The predecessor of Beijing Shougang, an iron and steel enterprise. Hebei Caofeidian iron and steel enterprise uses a new name: Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and its assets include: Shougang Holdings 5 1%, and Tangshan Steel holds 49% of the shares.

In February, 2005, the National Development and Reform Commission officially approved Shougang's relocation plan, agreed to Shougang's production relocation, structural adjustment and environmental management, and built a new Shougang in Caofeidian, Tangshan, Hebei. 20 1 1, Shougang will move.

The National Development and Reform Commission approved the relocation of Shougang, saying: "The construction of Shougang's new Caofeidian plant in Tangshan, Hebei Province requires the construction of an internationally advanced iron and steel joint venture in accordance with the concept of circular economy and the reality of Shougang's relocation and Tangshan iron and steel industry. Through the relocation of Shougang, the pace of structural adjustment of iron and steel industry in Hebei Province has also accelerated.

The Beijing Municipal Planning Commission accepted the specific commitments revealed in an interview with Newsweek. With the relocation of Shougang, the former industrial zone has been initially positioned as a city service center and a post-industrial cultural and creative industrial zone in the western region.

Since then, with the decline of Shougang's ability and the acceleration of its rhythm, "New Shougang, Shougang's final curtain call performance in Beijing.

Shougang moved to build a new Shougang "Outlook" news weekly "Heavy industry faded out of metropolis" special investigation, and provided the best incision and viewpoint. With the rapid development of economy and the rapid expansion of cities, our big cities should occupy the commanding heights in the new round of international competition and become the homes where people and the environment live in harmony?

Capital of Shougang

The construction and relocation of Shougang has influenced several generations of central decision makers and the broad masses of the people.

Shougang is only 20 kilometers away from Tiananmen Square in the center of Beijing. The factory was established in 19 19. After the founding of New China, the central government decided that Beijing should carry more production functions and build a national economic center, and Shougang ushered in a period of rapid development.

From 1980s to 1990s, Shougang's output soared from 1 100 million tons to 8 million tons, ranking first among steel enterprises in China. With the rapid expansion of production scale, air pollution is becoming more and more serious. In the worst period, in the early 1990s, in Shijingshan District, an area of 86 square kilometers, Shougang's dust emission averaged 34 tons per square kilometer per year.

In fact, as early as 1986, Shougang's output was only1500,000 tons. At the end of 1990s, some experts issued the alarm of "Shougang transferring capital to" and put forward the discussion that "Shougang is capital", and then I had a long demonstration process.

1994 Shougang steel output reached 8.23? 10,000 tons, up to 29 times that of urban factory dust. People began to pay attention to this contradiction and put forward suggestions to get out of Beijing Shougang.

1995, Shougang announced that it would limit the production of steel by 800 million tons, with an annual profit close to 1 100 million dollars. There are also heavily polluting enterprises built in urban areas. Since then, Shougang has spent 30% of its production profits every year to control pollution.

1999, Shougang made a decision to cut another 800,000 tons, and the focus of the development and transformation of high-tech industries shifted to. The environmental quality of Shougang has obviously improved. 200 1 Shougang has further reduced pollution by improving production technology and strengthening environmental protection. In 2002, Shougang's investment in environmental protection reached 2.4/kloc-0.0 billion yuan, equivalent to nearly 50% of Shougang's annual profit.

In July, 20001,Beijing won the bid for the Olympic Games, and the final decision was to face the capital of Shougang.

The relocation was finalized and Shougang responded positively. Zhu Jimin, chairman of Shougang, told the reporter: "Since 2002, we have organized a large number of experts, including more than 10 academicians and academicians of China Academy of Engineering, to study how Shougang implemented the relocation and transformation in order to explore a new model for the relocation and transformation of large industrial enterprises."

Multi-stakeholder game

The huge temptation of Shougang's GDP and tax revenue, and the complex mentality of large industrial enterprises, in addition to the feelings accumulated in decades, are undoubtedly important considerations of the local government.

Shougang reduced production before 2004, and the group paid 280 billion yuan in taxes, realizing sales income of 61900 million yuan. Shougang's sales revenue contribution accounts for more than one tenth of Beijing's industrial sales revenue above designated size.

The relocation of Shougang did have a great impact on Beijing's economy. Wang Qinghai, general manager of Shougang Corporation, said that in recent years, Beijing's annual industrial added value exceeded 800 million yuan. After leaving Beijing Shougang, the tax paid accounts for 1/20. After the relocation, the division of Beijing's fiscal revenue, added value and local fiscal revenue will be transferred to other industries, retired employees and internal retired employees of Hebei Shougang, but it needs some manpower and material resources to solve it. "

The relocation of giant enterprises has brought great benefits to the local government. In 2003, Shougang's 2 million tons steel joint project was moved to An 'an. According to the principle of "territorial tax payment", the tax revenue generated by only 2 million tons of Shougang joint project will reach 7 1 million US dollars. Compared with 2003, Qian 'an's fiscal revenue exceeded 50 million yuan, which can be described as "rebuilding Qian 'an".

Since then, in Funing, Qinhuangdao City, Shougang's "Qinban Project" is expected to exceed 500 million yuan in tax revenue in 2003, and Funing County's fiscal revenue is 355.39 billion yuan. Equal to "semi-Funing" reconstruction.

"Shougang's overall relocation of Caofeidian steel industry is equivalent to creating another Tangshan." When it comes to Tangshan Shougang, the relevant person in charge of Tangshan City is very excited. Shougang's new plant will start trial operation in early 2008, producing 8 million tons of stainless steel, with an annual industrial added value of 20-30 billion US dollars. Coupled with the pull of related industries, the proportion of Tangshan's total economic output is equal to rebuilding a Tangshan.

However, the reporter interviewed relevant officials and talked about constantly hearing that local taxes could not give Hebei Shougang the relocation. Zhao Yong, secretary of Tangshan Municipal Party Committee, made it clear to reporters that when Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan industries are transferred, the tax revenue can be "* * *" and the GDP can be reduced to a certain proportion. Leaders hope to develop the hinterland of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and encourage heavy chemical industry to shift from big cities in this way.

However, tax experts pointed out that joint-stock enterprises such as Shougang and Tangshan Iron and Steel should of course be the principle of implementation, and they must pay the "local tax" in the income tax, that is, the location of the enterprise.

"Shougang occupies our minerals, pollutes our environment and consumes our water resources. It is impossible not to take care of the local tax. An official of the Development and Reform Commission of Hebei Province said that the mining and smelting in Tangshan will inevitably aggravate the local pollution and transfer the burden of environmental tax to local governments, which will provide an economic basis for environmental governance.

Beijing, a new steel plant in Caofeidian should share the local tax attitude. On March 7, 2005, Beijing held a meeting on the theme of Shougang's relocation. Liu Qi, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, and Wang Qishan, mayor, made it clear at the meeting that the overall interests of the country will be treated and handled correctly from the perspective of Beijing Railway Station and Beijing's future development of the Bohai Economic Circle.

However, the delay of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China did not give the outside world an open position on how to distribute income.

Interestingly, in order to make up for Beijing's "loss", the State Council approved the relocation procedure of Shougang, leaving a hint: "The Shunyi cold-rolled sheet project was completed with 6.5438+0.5 million tons. Shougang10.5 million tons cold-rolled plate project is located in Liqiao Town, Shunyi District, with a total planned area? 733700 square meters. The total investment of the project is expected to be 6.4 billion US dollars, and the annual sales income is expected to be 7 billion yuan (excluding tax). It is planned to be completed and put into production. By the end of 2007, the designed annual production capacity of this project is 6.5438+500,000 tons of cold-rolled sheet products, which are mainly used in automobile, construction, household appliances and other industries.

Beijing builds a "soft industry"

Zhang Xiaode, a professor at the National School of Administration, said in an interview with Outlook News Weekly that "hard industries" such as steel and chemicals will move out of Beijing, and other industries that Beijing will "replace" will have huge room for development. In fact, in recent years, with the optimization of industrial structure adjustment, the "soft industry" represented by Beijing's producer services and cultural creativity is rising rapidly.

After the founding of New China, Beijing's development road is actually an industrialized city road and a heavily industrialized city road.

Statistics show that the labor force engaged in industrial production in Beijing accounted for more than 40% in the last century, and the total labor force was much higher than that in Shanghai and Tianjin. The structure of Beijing's industrial production output value, heavy chemical industry accounts for 62%, light industry accounts for 38%. According to national statistics, the industrial categories are 164 and 147, accounting for more than 90%. Each industry category is independent. Moreover, in the process of industrialization, there is also the pursuit of the middle big and small.

Since the founding of New China, the development history of Beijing's industrial layout can be divided into three stages: the first stage, the early 1950s. Initially formed the cotton planting area in the eastern suburb, the industrial area in the northeastern suburb, the mechanized work area in the southeastern suburb and the metallurgical machinery heavy industrial area in the western suburb. When the above-mentioned industrial zone is located in the periphery of the city, does it not conform to the urban function, and at the same time solves the material guarantee of urban employment and urban construction.

The second stage, from the 1960s to the 1970s. The planned economic system and economic status quo are tilted from the industrial structure and the basic raw material industry of the industry. Although the new layout is large-scale enterprises in the suburbs, there are still quite a few investments that have developed into industrial enterprises in cities and urban fringe. Therefore, the growth of industrial economy has gradually exposed the contradiction between the urban center and the expansion of urban functional areas.

The third stage, since the 1980s. With the sustained development of China's socialist market economy and the adjustment of Beijing's urban planning, the purpose of solving pollution nuisance is to relocate enterprises, and the industrial science and technology parks in suburban counties are set up for the society, creating a preliminary environment for the unified layout adjustment of industries.

In 2000, Beijing proposed to adjust the industrial layout. Through adjustment, the status and industrial layout of historical and cultural cities and modern international cities that meet the international requirements of urban ecological environment modernization can be matched, which is in line with the adaptation of the economic space and environmental conditions of the capital.

Beijing's industrial layout adjustment plan proposes to speed up the relocation of existing enterprises and adjust the planning center. Accelerate the start of downtown and surrounding areas, covering the total area? 6130000m2, 134 Relocation of enterprises. On this basis, it will take 3-5 years to plan the relocation and transformation in the implementation stage, so that the industrial enterprises in the Fourth Ring Road will, in principle.

The replacement land in the planned central area is about 8 million square meters, and the industrial land is reduced to more than 7%. After the completion of the planning, together with the areas where enterprises have moved out since 1985, the problem of industrial pollution disturbing the people in the central planning area will be basically solved. At the same time, it is a reasonable industrial layout system to form an orderly and relatively concentrated industrial structure and regional economic structure that reflects the strength of prosperous urban areas and suburbs.

In 2004, Beijing's overall urban planning was revised to "national capital, world city, famous cultural city and livable city", and its industrial structure was adjusted to "city internationalization, economic service, regional integration and light industrial orientation."

Since 2006, Beijing has established a systematic monitoring and evaluation system for energy consumption, water consumption and energy conservation. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the goal of reducing energy consumption by 20% per 10,000 yuan GDP was decomposed into districts and counties, and energy-consuming enterprises announced it with one click. 135 to carry out supervision and inspection of energy conservation law enforcement for units with comprehensive energy consumption exceeding 2 million tons of standard coal in the city, 105 to carry out cleaner production audit for enterprises. Shougang's relocation adjustment started, and Beijing Coking Plant officially stopped production. Small cement, small glass, small paper and small steel were basically eliminated in the production of synthetic nitrogen, calcium carbide, sulfuric acid and oil-based gas on the 27th.

Closing or relocating these "hard industries" in Beijing's urban development and eliminating "hard injuries" is an increasingly international metropolis, and a new industrial system is rising. Zhongguancun Science Park, Financial Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone and Central Business District are six high-end industrial functional zones, which have become the leaders of urban economic growth in Airport Economic Zone and Olympic Central District, driving industrial added value to account for nearly half of the city, and financial added value to account for more than 70% of the city's information value-added services.

"Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei perspective.

Shougang relocation is a landmark event. In recent years, in the industrial field, from the perspective of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial cycle, Shougang's relocation is a historical necessity.

Recently, the State Council approved the master plans of Beijing, Tianjin and the city, which is a new round of concern. It is no longer emphasized that the development goal of Beijing economic center is clearly defined as a national capital, an international city, a famous cultural city and a livable city. Tianjin proposes to build an economic center in northern China.

Hebei has been actively implementing the plan to undertake the gradient transfer of Beijing-Tianjin industry.

Beijing and Tianjin have their own advantages in economic development and knowledge economy. In Beijing and Tianjin, there are advantages in processing, manufacturing and shipping, while in Hebei, there are advantages in heavy chemical industry and resources, which are highly complementary. Strengthening cooperation between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will be more conducive to the rational division of labor, division of labor and cooperation, complementary advantages and improvement of overall competitiveness.

According to our newspaper, there is a high school level knowledge of * * * in triad. In 2004, the tripartite dialogue between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei finally began. The content of the dialogue involves the coordinated development of ecology and economy among the three parties, and one of the key points of the dialogue is industrial transfer.

Beijing's new urban orientation has begun to relocate the representatives of Shougang's industrial transfer, while broadcasting historical and cultural advantages, focusing on developing cultural and creative industries, headquarters economy and modern high-end service industries; Tianjin has carried out major projects such as the A320 assembly line project of 100 million tons of ethylene Airbus, and neighboring cities Tangshan, Baoding and Langfang strive to build central cities to undertake industrial transfer.

Zhang Xiaode, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that in the past 10 years, major cities in China were highly developed, focusing on attracting foreign investment to dominate the allocation of resources, and "winners take all". From labor-intensive high-tech industries, big cities, and preferably all industries, small and medium-sized cities were marginalized. With the development of economy, pollution, traffic, population pressure, resource shortage and other major urban diseases, the managers of big cities suddenly realize that only the development of small and medium-sized cities can really alleviate the urban pressure, and the transfer of heavy chemical industry has begun. From this perspective, the relocation of Shougang Caofeidian is a historic demonstration.

Chang Qing, deputy director of Beijing Industrial Promotion Bureau, said that Beijing will play a leading role as a central city. Deepen the economic cooperation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, actively optimize the development environment, and make Beijing a gathering place for corporate headquarters, R&D and sales organizations at home and abroad. , thus promoting the coordinated development of regional economy. Regional coordination institutions have formed the establishment of regional cooperation mechanisms. Promote the formation of a relatively complete industrial supporting system in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and strengthen production cooperation in key industrial chains such as automobiles, electronics and communication equipment between regions. Encourage large enterprise groups to develop in this region, promote complementary advantages, optimize resource allocation and regional functions, guide industrial transfer, and gradually form a new pattern of regional industries with reasonable layout, mutual promotion and common development.

Shen Xiaoping, director of the Development and Reform Commission of Hebei Province, said that the opportunity of Shougang's relocation in Hebei Province will make it the largest steel province in the province.

But this does not mean that the relocation of Shougang and the increase of pollution in Hebei Province are equal. Shen Xiaoping said that steel is one of the leading industries in China. Hebei's steel production accounts for about one fifth of the country's total, but it is still not a strong steel province. Hebei Province will take this opportunity to relocate Shougang, adjust and integrate, strive to upgrade steel enterprises, promote the development of steel industry in the direction of high-end, high-quality products and deep processing, and promote the optimization and upgrading of steel industry.

Experts told reporters that the industrial division of labor is clear, the functions are complementary, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic region is interdependent. Later industrial operations, such as the relocation of Shougang, will be more international in industrial competitiveness. In May, 2006, the State Council issued Opinions on Promoting the Development of Tianjin Binhai New Area. At the same time, the "roof of the world" of China's economic growth appeared for the first time after the completion of the metropolitan development plan.

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