How to do a good job in community fire safety

With the development of economy and the continuous expansion of urban scale, urban community construction has developed rapidly. At present, the scale of the community is expanding, the functions are improving day by day, and the number of community residents is increasing. It is very important to do a good job in community fire safety.

With the progress and development of society, citizens' needs, civilization and cultural quality are constantly improving, and the construction of communities or communities is constantly improving and standardizing. Among them, the government-led management mode, social-led management mode and property management mode that should be born under the market economy have played a very important role in the management of communities and communities in different periods and stages. However, as a new and growing industry, property management units under the market economy environment are also facing new challenges. Fire safety management plays an increasingly important role in various management modes. However, while carrying out various tasks, the management unit has bred a large number of fire hazards, and the problems in fire safety management need to be solved urgently.

First, the current community fire management problems and reasons

(A) the government and administrative departments have insufficient understanding of the importance of community fire control work. For a long time, governments and administrative departments at all levels have focused on key units and parts such as enterprises, institutions and public gathering places, ignoring the fire safety management in communities, especially residential areas. They believe that families, small shops, restaurants and other units in the community will not cause great personal casualties, property losses and political influence, making community fire prevention work a blind spot.

(B) community fire hardware facilities are not complete, infrastructure construction is inherently inadequate, and maintenance problems are serious. The fire protection design of many residential areas has not attracted the attention of designers, who only design according to the architectural layout and ideas required by Party A, without considering the fire safety of residential areas. Some bid-winning units in building construction rely on other qualified units because they have no fire-fighting qualification, and the construction is still the original team, which leads to poor construction quality and hidden dangers in fire safety. Because the property management fees charged by the completed residential areas are less, only a few of them are used for the maintenance and management of fire-fighting facilities. It is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of property companies for the management of fire-fighting facilities, which leads to serious problems of out-of-control and disrepair of fire-fighting facilities. Most residential areas, especially those built in the early days, are not perfect in fire protection infrastructure construction. Due to the lack of detailed fire protection planning, buildings in many places have great defects in plane layout, evacuation passages, fire exits, fire zones, fire facilities, etc., such as blocked fire truck passages, lack of fire water sources, serious aging of electrical wiring, etc. It is very difficult to rectify these "stubborn diseases". In addition, irregular decoration and unauthorized use bring a series of fire hazards to the community, which is the most common in residential buildings (high-rise commercial and residential buildings). The most prominent and common problem is that the fire exits, fire water sources, fire pumps, fire-fighting facilities and equipment in new residential areas are not standardized, or the setting and management are unreasonable. For example, the installed water supply pipeline is used for life and fire fighting, and the pipe diameter is too small to meet the requirements of fire fighting water consumption. There is no parking space for fire fighting vehicles, and isolation piers or fences are artificially set up. In order to meet the quiet requirements of residential quarters and prevent all kinds of vehicles from entering the quarters to disturb the people, most property management units in residential quarters have set up road stakes and fences at the entrance of the quarters. In the event of a fire, the siren of the fire truck cannot enter smoothly, which will delay the fighter plane and cause great losses to the affected people.

(3) The software construction is not in place, the rules and regulations are not perfect, and the community fire protection work lacks effective rules and regulations and working operation mechanism, so it cannot be regular and lasting. Some communities have not formulated perfect fire safety management regulations and fire safety responsibility system, and the responsibility cannot be implemented to specific units and families, which makes communities lack standardization and autonomy in the management process. Community units and residents have weak awareness of fire safety habits and lack of fire safety responsibility, which makes it difficult for street offices, community neighborhood committees and community property management departments to form effective fire safety management. Even if the community fire brigade is established, it exists in name only and cannot effectively implement relevant laws and regulations. The lack of fire protection network in residential construction is a bit embarrassing. The functional departments of each community are fragmented, lack of communication and coordination, and problems are delayed, making it difficult to put fire control work in place. The police force of public security fire control institutions is insufficient, and it is difficult to implement the three-level management responsibility of fire control, and the management is relatively sudden. However, the working system of fire management personnel in residential areas often follows the previous working system of security personnel, not to mention how to maintain, detect and operate fire control facilities regularly. Some managers don't even know whether the use of fire extinguishers has expired, and there is no clear reward mechanism, so it is difficult to standardize and institutionalize fire safety management.

(4) The residential area is fully functional, the number of industries increases, and the fire risk increases. At present, the community is actually a relatively independent small society. With the continuous emergence of schools, hospitals, shops, small factories and workshops in the community, the function of the community has also changed from a single place for people to management, life entertainment, human landscape and many other aspects. Although small in scale, all industries in the residential area have their own, which makes the fire risk in the residential area increase continuously and increases the difficulty of fire safety management, while the property management in the residential area only pays attention to public security and theft prevention. There is no good intervention in fire safety management. In management, anti-theft is often more important than fire prevention, and the fire management system is not perfect. Most security guards are temporary employees, and their awareness and skills in fire safety are poor, which leads to various strange phenomena: first, fire facilities are locked, and second, a window is locked. In order to prevent theft, but in case of fire, where is the way to escape?

(5) The safety evacuation of residential buildings is poor, and residents' safety awareness is very weak. The buildings in the community are generally a unit with evacuation stairs. In addition, some residents often pile their bicycles, worn-out furniture and cartons in stairwells and corridors, and even build kitchens and storage rooms on corridors, occupying evacuation stairs. If there is a fire on the ground floor, it will be difficult for people on all floors upstairs to evacuate smoothly from the evacuation stairs. Fire safety passages in residential areas are often blocked or occupied. This community is isolated from the outside world. In order to facilitate management, some communities prohibit motor vehicles from entering at will, so iron fences and stone piers are installed at the entrance of the community, and only pedestrians are allowed to pass, and motor vehicles are not allowed to enter. Once a fire broke out, the fire truck could not successfully enter the community to put out the fire, which delayed the opportunity to put out the fire. In addition, some vegetable markets, stalls, newsstands and car repair stalls in the community are also occupying fire exits. In addition, in order to prevent theft at home, residents installed relatively strong security doors and iron railings on doors and windows, which is not conducive to safe evacuation and firefighters' fire fighting. Community residents' overall awareness of fire safety prevention is relatively weak, and their self-prevention and self-rescue ability is poor. They lack the knowledge and skills to save themselves and escape in case of fire. Some residents don't even know what the fire brigade does, what the fire telephone number is, and they don't use any fire fighting equipment. With the improvement of living standards, the number of high-power household appliances has increased, but the protection measures for electrical circuits in ordinary families are rarely adopted, and flammable materials such as plywood and polymer materials are widely used in home decoration. At present, liquefied gas, gas or natural gas are widely used in families, but their fire risks are not well understood, and improper use and illegal operation often occur, which leads to a great increase in fire hazards and the number of family fires.

Second, the root causes of different hidden dangers

(1) The property management company is an enterprise with economic benefits as its lifeline. The construction of fire safety management laws and regulations lags behind the development of property management, which leads to the unclear responsibility of property fire safety management and the unclear legal responsibility among related subjects. Property management involves development and construction units, business households, public security, neighborhood committees, urban management and many other aspects, and many of their rights and obligations are unclear, which makes property management difficult.

(2) There are many hidden worries in some newly developed buildings. In other words, many developers hide security information in the sales process in order to make money. When some developers sign purchase and sales contracts with business households, they deliberately make the terms of fire safety ambiguous and vague, and do as little or as little hardware facilities as possible, or even dispensable.

(3) In the residential property management which was developed with benefit as the main factor in the early stage, the phenomenon of paying more attention to anti-theft than fire prevention generally exists. Anti-theft is extremely strict with security, but fire prevention is generally ignored. In order to reduce expenses and streamline manpower, there is a shortage of fire management personnel in property. The existing personnel have many types of work and low quality, and many security guards have no knowledge of fire prevention. It is really difficult for such a security team to undertake the heavy responsibility of responding to sudden fires.

(4) The bungalows, shanty towns and suburbs in the urban-rural fringe were not included in the overall planning because of the early urban construction or development, but they were included in the urban area with the continuous development and expansion of the city, but they were not developed. Its buildings are adjacent, the fire resistance rating of the buildings is extremely low and there are no safety measures, which is easy to cause the danger of fire and camp, the roads are rugged and narrow, there is no fire escape, and it is difficult for fire vehicles to enter. Once a fire breaks out, it will bring great difficulties to the rescue work.

Third, constructive measures to improve community fire management.

(A) the government to strengthen, clear responsibilities, clear responsibilities. The Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises and Institutions has been promulgated and implemented. Article 10 clearly stipulates that the residential property management unit shall perform the following fire safety duties within the management scope: (1) formulate fire safety system, implement fire safety responsibilities, and carry out fire safety publicity and education; (2) Carry out fire prevention inspection to eliminate fire hazards; (3) Ensure that evacuation passages, safety exits and fire truck passages are unblocked; (4) Ensure that public fire control facilities, equipment and fire safety signs are in good condition and effective. Other property management units shall be responsible for the fire safety management within the scope of entrusted management. It is necessary to strengthen regulation with the government as a high pressure, implement fire supervision with institutions, put the responsibility on the fire safety protection network of every property worker, decompose the fire safety work layer by layer, and clarify the responsibility.

(2) Establish and improve various rules and regulations and operational mechanisms. In order to strengthen the leadership of community fire control work, we should set up a community fire control work leading group and a community fire control work safety committee, and establish a joint meeting system, a fire control liaison system, a reception system for people to visit, a fire control publicity and education system, a regular inspection and inspection system, a fire control facilities and equipment maintenance system, a fire hazard rectification system, a fire safety reward and punishment system and a residents' fire prevention convention. , so as to implement the work to the specific responsible person, achieve the goal of community fire safety and stability, and ensure fire laws and regulations. In case of fire, managers should call the police, organize personnel evacuation and organize fire fighting.

(3) Strengthen training and constantly improve fire fighting skills. By increasing the training of community police, community safety committee members and community volunteer firefighters, they can master the basic methods of fire safety inspection, understand the basic contents and precautions of family fire prevention, and lay a solid foundation for community fire management.

(4) Strengthen fire prevention publicity and education, and constantly improve the fire safety awareness of community residents. Community safety committees can publicize common fire knowledge and legal knowledge by setting up fire publicity columns, issuing fire leaflets and posting fire slogans, which are welcomed by the masses. You can also make use of residents' regular visits to the queue-opening station, walking the streets and lanes, etc. Publicize the hazards of fire, so that the fire control work is deeply rooted in people's hearts, thus improving people's awareness of fire control safety and comprehensively improving the awareness of fire control safety and self-prevention and self-help ability of community residents. Pay attention to organize primary and secondary school students in the area to carry out publicity on holidays, and effectively prevent fires caused by careless use of fire, electricity and gas through these activities. At the same time, according to the actual situation of the jurisdiction, according to local conditions, some poor households, disabled people, martyrs and residents with physical defects will be listed as key households for fire supervision, and regular fire publicity and inspection will be carried out to help them eliminate fire hazards and unsafe factors.

(5) Intensify fire safety inspection and strive to eliminate fire hazards. While extensively carrying out fire prevention propaganda work, we will focus on strengthening community fire safety inspection, give full play to the management functions of community management committees and community units, and conduct regular fire prevention inspections. It is necessary to immediately correct fire hazards such as illegal use of fire, electricity and gas, blocking safety exits, occupying fire exits, and dumping liquefied gas residues, and eliminate fire hazards in time to prevent fire accidents.

Community fire safety is a systematic social project, involving a wide range, not only related to community management, but also related to urban planning and construction. With the acceleration of China's urbanization process, community service and safety will surely become an issue that must be considered in the future urban construction, management and public safety policy formulation, and community fire protection has also become an inseparable and important part and link in promoting the construction of urban fire protection system. Community fire safety management has become the necessity of social development, and it is also an important core part in the process of future fire socialization. How to strengthen the socialization of fire control work needs further exploration.