The Influence of Huayao Dai on the Culture and Economy of Xinping County

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Xinping Huayao Dai culture is a wonderful flower in China ancient culture, which has attracted more and more attention at home and abroad in recent years. In contemporary society, the relationship between the ancient Huayao Dai culture and economic development is a problem that needs further exploration from theory to practice. The research on this issue is not only of great significance to the development of Huayao Dai culture and county economy in Xinping, but also of great value to explore the relationship between national cultural protection and contemporary social and economic development. As an advocate who works in Xinping county and puts forward the strategic goal of developing Huayao Dai culture, building national culture and eco-tourism county, the author tries to study the relationship between Huayao Dai culture and contemporary economic development in Xinping county, and theoretically discusses the cultural orientation of Huayao Dai, the influence of economic development on national culture and how to promote local economic development through the development of national culture.

First, the historical orientation of the "Huayao Dai" culture in Xinping

At present, there have been many works on Huayao Dai culture in China, and the connotation and characteristics of Huayao Dai culture have also been studied, so I won't introduce them in detail here. What the author wants to put forward are several historical features of Huayao Dai culture, which are of great value to our understanding of the development of Huayao Dai culture today. There are several reasons for the formation and long-term existence of "Huayao Dai" culture:

(1) Huayao Dai has a long history. Today, "Huayao Dai" still preserves many ancient cultures, such as clothing culture and ancient farming etiquette. Xinping County is the most densely distributed county of Huayao Dai in the Red River Basin, with more than 40,000 people. On the one hand, it shows the historical position of the Huayao Dai in Xinping and the representativeness of the Dai traditional culture; on the other hand, it shows that the Huayao Dai culture is here because of the population.

(2) The special geographical environment is an important reason why Huayao Dai culture can be passed down here for a long time. Xinping "Huayao Dai" is located in the middle of Ailao Mountain and the upper reaches of the Red River Basin. Compared with other counties in the Red River Basin where Huayao Dai people live, Xinping has been in a relatively closed traffic state since modern times. The closed geographical environment provides conditions for the formation and development of Xinping's unique "Huayao Dai" culture.

(C) "Huayao Dai" culture is a culture based on agriculture. In the long-term development, Huayao Dai people have created a complete system combining agricultural ecology with cultural ecology. The terraced fields, rice culture and village ecological environment of Huayao Dai in Xinping reflect the historical characteristics of some agricultural ethnic groups of Dai. But what is more noteworthy is that there are more than 40 thousand people in Xinping Huayao Dai, which accounts for the majority of the whole Huayao Dai population, in the narrow valley less than 90 kilometers. In addition to the 420,000 mu intact virgin forest in Ailao Mountain in the west, there are two original ecological communities in the east, one is the new ancient state wild forest, and the other is the 65,438+10,000 mu Mopanshan virgin forest. Within 100 square kilometer, there are three primitive ecological communities of * * * 530,000 mu, which protect the Huayao Dai culture in Xinping, with mountains and water, forming the uniqueness of the Huayao Dai culture in Xinping, especially the agricultural civilization of Huayao Dai. Today's Huayao Dai residential area is still well preserved.

(D) Long-term geographical closure is an important reason for the long-term existence of the "Huayao Dai" culture. Geographically, Xinping is closest to Kunming and Jinning, the birthplace of Yunnan's ancient history, and there are traces of ancient post roads leading to southern Yunnan, which shows that Xinping was a transportation hub in central Yunnan in ancient times, thus becoming the center of the formation and development of ancient "Huayao Dai" culture. However, in modern times, the traffic situation in Xinping (especially in the areas where Huayao Dai people gather) lags far behind Hekou (crossing Yunnan-Vietnam railway) and Yuanjiang and Xishuangbanna (crossing 2 13 national highway), which is an important reason why Huayao Dai people in Xinping have maintained a relatively complete unique national culture and blended with the original ecological plant community.

(5) The "Huayao Dai" culture in Xinping has developed through interaction and integration with different cultures. "Huayao Dai" clothing not only has some characteristics of ancient court clothing, but also incorporates modern civilization (dyeing and weaving technology) and maintains a distinctive national personality (silver ornaments, embroidery patterns, etc.). The architecture of Huayao Dai is similar to that of Yi nationality in appearance, but its internal structure is different. Under the influence of modern culture, people and animals are gradually separated. The belief of Huayao Dai people not only keeps all kinds of sacrificial activities of primitive religion, but also is influenced by Buddhist ethics and modern science. "Huayao Dai" not only maintains the custom of "second burial" of Baiyue nationality in ancient times, but also has some similar funeral customs under the influence of Han culture. "Huayao Dai" culture is influenced by different cultures, and maintains its own personality in the mutual influence, which is reflected in all aspects of its cultural composition and is worthy of in-depth study. But the conclusion is affirmative: any national culture communicates and interacts with different cultures at a certain historical stage, but it exists, develops and changes because of the particularity of the historical, geographical, ecological, economic and cultural environment on which it is based. Xinping "Huayao Dai" lives in harmony with Yi and Han nationalities, and develops its own culture under the influence of different cultural exchanges.

From the above discussion, we can see that the "Huayao Dai" culture has a long historical origin, and in the long-term historical development, it has created its own agricultural civilization with terrace agriculture as the core. The "Huayao Dai" culture has also been integrated with the cultures of other ethnic groups in history and has been passed down for a long time in a relatively closed environment. These characteristics show that the "Huayao Dai" culture has developed by integrating the cultures of other nationalities in a long-term closed natural environment, and has preserved its own distinctive cultural characteristics.

Second, the influence of modern economic development on the Huayao Dai culture in Xinping.

History has entered the era of knowledge economy. Looking back at history, the denial of traditional national industries and culture and the negative impact on the ecological environment in the pre-industrial era make us cautious about the development of resources, and the impact of economic development on traditional national culture is also very worrying. Therefore, it is natural that the voice of protecting the "Huayao Dai" culture is rising. It is precisely because the development of county economy can not take the road of pure industrialization that has nothing to do with the development of national cultural resources, and can not take the road of plundering resources, destroying ecology and over-farming, modern knowledge economy has emerged, and eco-tourism and cultural tourism have become the hot spots of modern economic development. So what impact does the economic development of Xinping County have on the culture of Huayao Dai? This is also a major issue in practice. This influence can be seen from the following aspects:

(1) The development of agricultural products processing industry has improved the living standard of Huayao Dai, and enabled Huayao Dai to enjoy modern material and cultural life more and more while maintaining the traditional national cultural characteristics. At present, the sugar industry in Xinping County has grown to the scale of processing 4,500 tons of sugar cane every day, with fixed assets of more than 300 million yuan, becoming a pillar industry in the county, which can provide financial income of more than 65.438+million yuan for sugarcane farmers in the county, with income of nearly 65.438+0 billion yuan. The four towns of Shuitang, Gasa, Mosha and Yaojie, where Huayao Dai people live together, are the main producing areas of sugarcane. The planting area of sugarcane is more than 1 1 10,000 mu, accounting for more than 70% of the total sugarcane area in the county. Sugarcane income is the main source of income for Dai people, and the per capita net income of sugarcane alone is more than 700 yuan. 1999, the per capita net income of farmers in the four towns was 1045 yuan, 1336 yuan, 1429 yuan and 1650 yuan respectively, which were 232 yuan, 523 yuan and 6/kloc-0 higher than the towns with the lowest per capita net income in the county. The town with the highest income is higher than the provincial average (1.438 yuan) 2 1.2 yuan, and the average income of the four towns where Dai people live in compact communities is 1.365 yuan, which is close to the provincial average. Xinping Huayao Dai has made great progress in the development of modern economy, and its traditional culture is still intact. This fact shows that the improvement of economic status and the harmonious development of economy and the outside will not dilute traditional culture, on the contrary, it is the economic basis for the existence and development of national traditional culture.

(2) Modern ecological agriculture not only increases the income of the Dai people, but also improves the quality of life of the Huayao Dai people, adding new content to Huayao Dai culture, and is known as an "ecological nation". Rice-based planting pattern is a traditional agricultural phenomenon of Dai people's self-sufficient economy. With the development of modern eco-agriculture, the implementation of paddy-upland rotation has not only changed the traditional self-sufficient economy, but also improved the ecological environment of farmland, giving the traditional Dai family a new connotation of "farming culture". In the thermal dam where the Huayao Dai people live in Xinping, the vegetable planting area in winter is more than 27,000 mu, and the output is 2.359 million tons. 654.38+200,000 mu of sugarcane and nearly 2,000 mu of fruit trees have been planted in this area. Modern ecological agriculture makes the pastoral scenery of Dai villages not only maintain the traditional style, but also full of modern flavor; Building a modern economic ecological park has become the direction of Huayao Dai's economic development, and the traditional ecological culture has been sublimated in modern development. Modern economic ecological park and excellent "Huayao Dai" culture blend here; The indissoluble bond between "Huayao Dai" and natural ecology extends here; The characteristics of "ecological country" have maintained vigorous vitality in the wave of modern economy. Reality tells people that the modern ecological economy, which conforms to the requirements of human nature and the laws of nature, has cultivated the artificial ecological environment on which Huayao Dai culture depends for its survival and development. It is not only an ecological barrier to protect Huayao Dai culture; It is also the economic support for the development of Huayao Dai culture. It is not only the result of Huayao Dai's ecological dependence and transformation, but also the product of the combination of modern economy, science and technology and national economic development.

(3) Economic globalization has a positive effect on national culture. It is impossible for us to rigidly stipulate the limited scope of a regional economy, let alone the protection scope of traditional culture. An open economy and culture have no boundaries. Economic globalization should not be understood as the unification and unification of economy and culture. As far as the trends we can know at present are concerned, economic globalization has the following positive effects on the development of national culture:

First, various economic and natural resources no longer exist in isolation and belong to a certain region, but are distributed on a global scale. The strength of regional economy is reflected in the ability to participate in distribution with economic and cultural characteristics and gain a foothold in the global economy, and realize the integration and complementarity of economy and culture.

Second, the modern economy is a harmonious blend of people, people and nature, economic regions, economy and ecology. Although there will be fierce competition in resource allocation, inequality and anti-social inhuman competition in the process of achieving harmony and integration, harmony, integration and development are the mainstream and direction. The harmonious integration of economy is embodied in the cultural field, that is, the identification and mutual exchange of different cultures, thus promoting the development of national culture.

Third, the modern economy pays attention to the improvement of quality. On the premise of improving quality, we will adjust and expand the quantity, and constantly meet the social needs with the adjustment and growth of quantity and the improvement of quality. Social needs are not only material, but also cultural and spiritual. As far as modern society is concerned, the demand for cultural spirit is the main higher pursuit. There is no clear boundary between culture and economy. Cultural economy and cultural industry are prominent features of modern economy. The traditional excellent culture of the nation is more economical and of higher value, which should be highly valued.

Fourth, economic globalization has eliminated the stage obstacles of development, so that the backward areas can leapfrog the development stage, directly participate in the international division of labor, and integrate into the tide of modern knowledge economy. This economic phenomenon is reflected in culture, that is, we should not hinder the exchange of different cultures by any means; Understanding different cultures has become the common pursuit of people; Traditional national culture will not regard all foreign cultures as enemies; Traditional national culture realizes its own value in the exchange and comparison with foreign cultures, and cherishes and cherishes its own traditional culture more.

Fifth, the modern economy is a phased product of historical development, and its development process is the sublation of history. The direction and result of future development can only be found from the historical track. In the final analysis, economic globalization is economic integration and cultural diversification, that is, the complementarity, integration and indivisibility of regional economy, the narrowing of the overall level gap of people's material life and the richness of cultural life.

As a part of the "Huayao Dai" culture in Xinping, the above viewpoint has been verified. The "Huayao Dai" culture can be spread to the outside world in a short time through modern scientific and technological means, so that the world can know itself and prove its existence value. At the same time, "Huayao Dai" has also enjoyed the benefits of technology, information, people flow, business opportunities and so on brought by globalization, and its foreign exchange has expanded unprecedentedly, achieving a regional leap, which is very important for a nation in a closed area. Today, the telephone penetration rate in Huayao Dai area has reached 4.2 telephones per 10,000 people, and the TV coverage rate has reached 98. 13%. In terms of foreign trade and economic cooperation, agricultural products are exported to France, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places, with annual sales of17.765 million yuan. The development of tourism in Huayao Dai area has led to the revival of related cultures, which is a very typical example. ①

From the above analysis, we can see that the economic development not only did not damage Huayao Dai culture, but promoted the development of Huayao Dai culture, injected new vitality into the further development of Huayao Dai culture and laid a solid economic foundation. It also answers the question that economic development and the protection and development of national culture are not a pair of contradictions. On the contrary, economic development can inject new vitality into the development of culture.

"Huayao Dai" Culture and Economic Development in Xinping County

Facing the arrival of knowledge economy, China's entry into WTO and the country's strategy of developing the western region, what should Xinping do? To adjust and further clarify the development strategy of Xinping, it is necessary to make a more in-depth analysis of the resource situation of Xinping in combination with the trend of market and world economic development. The result of analysis and comparison is that Xinping has two comparative advantage resources with development potential. One is the "Huayao Dai" culture in Xinping, where the traditional culture is the most intact and the population accounts for the majority of Huayao Dai; The second is the virgin forest, covering an area of 530,000 mu, which is the closest to the central city of Kunming by land. Therefore, in combination with the contemporary economic development trend and the strategy of building Yunnan into a big province of ethnic culture, Xinping County Committee has formulated a strategic plan to accelerate the development of ethnic economy, with the strategic development goal of "building a strong county with green economy and strong county with ethnic culture and ecological tourism". Therefore, the "Huayao Dai" culture is regarded as an opportunity to promote local economic construction. Preliminary practice has proved that national culture plays a great role in promoting economic development.

First of all, the "Huayao Dai" culture can become a big platform for developing tourism economy, opening wider to the outside world and improving Xinping's popularity at home and abroad. "Huayao Dai" culture flourished at the foot of Ailao Mountain and on both sides of the Gaza River. It mourns the mystery of virgin forest, the charm of ancient national culture and the scenery of subtropical valley ... A picture of natural scenery and human landscape not only attracts Chinese and foreign social science and natural science workers, but also becomes a fascinating place for people to travel and explore nature and humanity. At present, the annual traditional "Flower Street Festival" has become the choice of some tourists in the province. In 2000, the number of tourists to Xinping reached 350,000. Xinping County Party Committee and government, with the support of relevant departments of provinces and cities, held the China Yunnan? The International Symposium on Huayao Dai Culture in Xinping attracted nearly 70 foreign scholars and more than 50 China scholars from seven countries, and more than 80 journalists from the central and local governments also came to participate in the international grand event at the beginning of this century. CCTV, Shanghai TV and central and local news organizations broadcast or published dozens of news and reports about Xinping. Xinping's "Huayao Dai" culture and ecological culture construction have been highly praised by Chinese and foreign scholars. This international grand event, held during Huayao Dai traditional Flower Street Festival, combined Flower Street Festival with academic conferences, and promoted Xinping's tourism products to the whole country, creating an unprecedented grand occasion for thousands of people to gather in the Dai township to catch the flower street. Xinping "Huayao Dai" cultural brand has entered the "Grand View Garden" of Yunnan tourism economy. After the "Flower Street Festival", a steady stream of sporadic tourists and groups of small teams further promoted the development of Xinping tourism and ushered in a new development period.

The promotion of culture brings the development of tourism, and the development of tourism also promotes the development of tourism infrastructure. The pavement project of National Highway 2 13 to Xinping Daxin Highway is under intense construction and is expected to be open to traffic before the rainy season (at the latest by the end of the year). The oil road laying between the county seat and the "Huayaodai" ecological village can also be completed within this year. The implementation and construction management of county planning have created conditions for a one-day tour of Huayao Dai's hometown, and the tourism service facilities in Mosha and Gasa towns will be further improved. The marriage of Xinping Huayao Dai culture and Ailao virgin forest is expected to form another famous brand of Yunnan tourism. The traffic conditions of 200 1 Xinping can be greatly improved, which makes the culture of "Xinping Huayao Dai" and the characteristic products of "Ailao Primitive Forest" more competitive and further strengthens the advantage of the shortest land distance from the central city of Kunming. At that time, tourists will be transported by Kunming, and on the 2nd, they can visit Xinping Huayao Dai culture and Ailao primeval forest or Mopanshan primeval forest. "Xinping Huayao Dai Culture" and "Ailao Primitive Forest" will become one of the famous tourism products in Yunnan in the near future.

Secondly, due to the role of Huayao Dai culture in emerging industries, it will not only increase the income of the masses, but also have a positive role and far-reaching significance in enhancing the national self-confidence of the Dai people and improving their overall cultural level. In recent years, the development of coastal economy has promoted the development of cultural and entertainment industry. Many young Dai people with a certain level of knowledge in Xinping have left their homes because of the difference in income and the need to adapt to the development of coastal culture. This has impacted the traditional culture of Huayao Dai, and it is difficult for young Dai people far away from Dai villages to completely retain the traditional Huayao Dai culture. Developing "Huayao Dai" culture into tourism products will enable Dai youth with a certain cultural foundation to show their talents in Dai villages. Professor Koxingski, Director-General of the International Social Science Council, after inspecting the tourism and economic development of Xinping, thinks that it is very important to keep the local younger generation and build their own homes, which is a lesson from the development of many countries and a symbol of the success of local development and construction. With the growth of economic income and the enhancement of national self-confidence, Xinping's "Huayao Dai" culture will have a long history, and the younger generation will have the confidence to start a business in their hometown and be proud of their hometown construction.

Thirdly, the rise of tourism driven by the development of Huayao Dai culture has also driven the development of the tertiary industry, stimulated and increased consumption, and promoted the in-depth development of agriculture. The four towns of Xinping, where Huayao Dai people live together, have good conditions for developing fruits and vegetables, especially at an altitude of 1.300m, with humid climate and good water and soil conditions. They are the most suitable areas for litchi production. Their products are listed half a month earlier than those in Guangdong and Guangxi, and they have stronger advantages in quality, time to market and transportation distance in central Yunnan. Xinping County cultivated three high-quality varieties of Shuidong, Dahongpao and Feizixiao by itself, which overcame the technical difficulties of grafting and started the construction of 10,000 mu litchi orchard. With the development of tourism, the special dishes of Yi and Dai people in Xinping have been brought into full play. All kinds of flowers, wild beets, bitter vegetables and four-ya vegetables, these pure natural green foods, together with unique traditional cooking, will make tourists open their eyes, increase their appetite and linger.

It can be seen that the development of Huayao Dai culture has a great impetus to the development of local economy and will have a far-reaching impact on the whole Dai society. Combined with the experience gained so far, we should pay attention to the following aspects in the next development:

(A) the planning objectives and principles of building a national cultural eco-tourism county. Taking Xinping Huayao Dai culture and Ailao virgin forest as brands, the strategy of building a national cultural eco-tourism county embodies the integration of national cultural protection represented by Huayao Dai culture and the cultivation of key industries for economic construction; The strategic conception system and tourism product structure determine that Xinping tourism economy is the product of the integration of Huayao Dai culture and ecological environment. It is an inevitable choice to analyze the present situation of Xinping economy and seek economic growth point; It is the strategic focus of Xinping's future development. Developing tourism resources; To cultivate two major tourism brands, the development planning goal is: the tertiary industry dominated by tourism will account for more than 30% of the national economy in 20 10, and the long-term goal will reach more than 50%. The basic principles to be followed in developing Huayao Dai culture and tourism economy are: ① combining the traditional characteristics of Huayao Dai culture with improving the cultural level of Dai youth; Protect and develop Huayaodai culture in the implementation of Xinping's brand strategy of Huayaodai culture tourism, and increase the income proportion of tourism economy; ② The development of ethnic cultural tourism should be combined with eco-horticultural agriculture and virgin forest sightseeing; ③ The establishment of key protected areas in Huayao Dai natural village should be combined with the popular education of Dai people to enhance their awareness of self-protection and development; ④ The development of tourism economy should be combined with the development of green industry and the planning and construction of small towns.

(two) the main contents of national culture and eco-tourism county construction. The main idea of implementing the tourism brand strategy of "Xinping Huayao Dai Culture" is to realize "Trinity", cultivate "Two Brands", that is, to form a tourism economy integrating national culture, virgin forest and ecological agriculture, and to launch two brands of "Xinping Huayao Dai Culture" and "Ailao Virgin Forest". The main content of construction is to build an ecological village of ethnic culture. Based on the big betel nut garden near gasa town, the big bathing village near Mosha Town and Zhaomidi Village in Yaojie Town, the original natural ecological environment and villagers' production and living customs will be maintained, and the tourist roads and sanitary facilities integrated with nature will be planned and constructed, so as to increase artificial plant communities, improve environmental quality and maintain the charm of national culture. Focusing on strengthening the service functions of agricultural products distribution, tourism accommodation, shopping, etc., Gasa and Mosha towns will be built into civilized and sanitary ethnic cultural tourism market towns, and become the venues for traditional flower street festivals and "tourist flower street festivals" and tourist distribution centers. Implement ecological agriculture construction and "Huayao Dai" cultural corridor construction along the tourist traffic, strengthen the development of horticultural products such as flowers, fruits and vegetables, continue to build ecological and economic forests such as bamboo and walnuts, and protect natural shrubs, broad-leaved forests and secondary pine forests, so that Xinping will always enjoy the reputation of "Emerald of Ailao Mountain" and realize the protection and construction goal of panoramic view into Xinping and joint scenery. Build a national culture and art palace in the county, systematically introduce and display Xinping national culture represented by "Huayao Dai", and build a food and shopping street with national characteristics. Developing the service industry with biological products industry, agricultural products marketing industry and tourism industry as the leading industries constitutes the industrial pillar of urban economy, realizes the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and realizes the unification and promotion of culture, ecology and economy.

(3) Policy orientation and measures. Conscientiously implement the party's ethnic and religious policies and strive to improve the political and economic status of ethnic minorities. Strictly implement the tourism development plan, ensure the unity of the plan and enhance the binding force of the plan. Establish tourism industry management norms to ensure the quality of tourism services and improve product competitiveness. Establish a tourist complaint center to safeguard the rights and interests of tourists. Encourage social investment to participate in the construction of tourism facilities, mobilize and organize Dai people to participate in tourism development, and form the commercialization of Dai folk cultural performances, ethnic diets and ethnic ornaments. Strengthen the construction of tour guides, attach importance to the development of Huayao Dai folk tour guide organizations, and improve the cultural level and foreign language ability of tour guides.

To annotate ...

(1) For the relationship between globalization and national culture, please refer to Zheng Xiaoyun's On Globalization and National Culture, National Studies,No. 1, 200 1.

Excerpt from "Yunnan, China? Collection of International Symposium on Huayao Dai Culture in Xinping.