What was the last battle of the Sino-Japanese War? Revealing the Battle of Tianzhuangtai

18941October 24th, the Japanese Second Route Army with about 30,000 men and 3,000 horses began to land in China Huayuankou in batches. At this point, the Japanese army began to open a second battlefield with southern Liaoning as the battlefield. China was forced to take part in the war, and in June of the same year, the Japanese attacked Dalian 165438+ 10.

The fall of Lushun and Dalian greatly shook Beijing. Emperor Guangxu deposed Li Hongzhang, retained his position, and actively planned to replace the Huai army with the Xiang army, which had been defeated repeatedly. 1at the end of 894, the Beijing government appointed Liu Kunyi, commander-in-chief of the Xiang army and governor of the two rivers, as an imperial minister to supervise the military affairs of the Eastern Expedition. At the beginning of 1895, Liu led Xiang troops to the Liaodong battlefield and personally arrived at Shanhaiguan to control the troops inside and outside Shanhaiguan. Wu Dacheng, the Xiang army who assisted in the military affairs of the Eastern Expedition, led his Qing army to rebuild fortifications in Yingkou, Niuzhuang and Anshan to stop the Japanese attack.

In Phoenix, the Japanese army was stopped by China commanders Nie Shicheng and Iktangga, so they tried to attack Shenyang via Haicheng and Anshan. On February 1895, China troops besieged Haicheng occupied by the Japanese army, and the Japanese army launched the Niuzhuang campaign, and occupied Niuzhuang on March 4, 1895.

At this time, China officials were afraid that the Japanese army would attack Shengjing (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province), the capital of China at that time, so they mobilized heavy troops to defend Liaoyang and Shenyang. Surprisingly, however, the Japanese suddenly turned their guns and headed straight for Yingkou, west of Haicheng, which soon fell.

After the fall of Yingkou, China's army tried to rely on the Liaohe natural graben to fight against the Japanese army at Tianzhuangtai on the west bank of Liaohe River.

Tianzhuangtai is located in Dawa District, Panjin City, Liaoning Province. It has been an important waterway in the lower reaches of Liaohe River since ancient times. At one time, merchants gathered, and sails and workshops lined up. It is not only the ancient town of Liaoshui in the northeast of China, but also the location of the grain platform of the Qing army and an important gateway to the west bank of Liaohe River.

Song Qing heard that Japanese stocks are coming to Grange Taiwan, and the situation is very critical. Decided to deploy the ninth battalion of the Right Army, the fifth battalion of the Dragon Lutheran Army, the fifth battalion of the Lutheran Army, the fifth battalion of the Lutheran Army of Li Jiachang, the fifth battalion of Cheng Yun and Lutheran Army, the fifth battalion of Liu Feng's Qing Rebel Army, the eleventh battalion of Jiang Guiti's Ming Army, the fifth battalion of Zhang Guangqian's pro-Qing Army, the sixty-ninth battalion of Liu Shijun and a whistle * * * More than 20,000 people returned.

Japanese commander Nojin Taoist temple mobilized the third division, the fifth division and the first division of the second army to attack Tianzhuangtai. * * * There are 20 infantry brigades and 2 squadrons, 4 cavalry squadrons and 5 squadrons, 7 artillery brigades and 4 engineering squadrons and 2 squadrons, with about 20,000 people.

The strength comparison between the two sides is about 1: 1. China's army over-trusted the Liaohe Graben, and its weapons and equipment were far inferior to those of the Japanese. The Japanese army concentrated 109 guns in order to capture the grange platform, while the Qing army on the other side of the Liaohe River deployed more than 20 guns only on the west bank of the Liaohe River, which was four times the number of Qing artillery.

The Japanese army began a tentative attack on Tianzhuangtai on March 7. In the afternoon, the avant-garde commander of the third division, Okuji Oshima, led the Miyoshi (Line) United Front and artillery to shell Grange Terrace from the east bank of Liaohe River. On that day, "the snow is full, and it is far from clear." Because of the strong northwest wind, strong winds with snowflakes came against my face, which made people unable to open their eyes. Japanese soldiers could only "walk slowly across the wind." The Qing army used favorable weather to fight back. Song Qing "sent Ma Yukun to the left and Song Desheng to the right", "pro-governor Cheng Yunhe fought for Tao, left and right, and guns were used against each other". The Japanese army suffered heavy casualties and quickly retreated, failing to achieve its goal. On the 8th, Oshima once again directed the Third Division to advance to the east bank of Liaohe River, and made the artillery occupy the position, bombarding Grange Terrace with twelve wild guns. During this period, Kano, the captain of the 22nd United Front of the 5th Division, also led an infantry brigade, and under the cover of wild guns and mortars, advanced to Granchita. The Qing army was arranged on the north bank of Liaohe River, synchronized with the enemy and exposed all its forces.

The Qing army also made mistakes in tactical deployment, focusing its main force on the front of grange terrace and ignoring both sides. This weakness was seized by the Japanese army. Just as the two armies launched an attack on both sides of the Liaohe River, many Japanese troops crossed the river and landed, attacking Tianzhuangtai from land. Through the daytime fire reconnaissance, the Japanese army detected all the firepower points of the Qing army, made tactical adjustments overnight, took a roundabout way to retreat, crossed the Liaohe River from the wings of Tianzhuangtai and launched an attack on the Qing army in Tianzhuangtai.

In the early morning of March 9, the Japanese army concentrated on 9 1 guns and arranged them on the east bank of Liaohe River. Chaiye, the third captain of the artillery team, is in charge of mountain artillery and mortars, and Major General Kuroda, the first artillery minister, is in charge. The Qing army only arranged more than 20 cannons on the west bank of Liaohe River, and found that the Japanese army assembled on the east bank and shelled first. Japanese artillery fired at them with a dozen cannons first, and then fired at them together. As a result, the two sides launched a fierce artillery battle. "/kloc-more than 0/00 cannons bombarded each other, and 10,000 bolts of lightning jumped out from the banks of Liaohe River. Thousands of bolts of lightning roared under the smoke, shaking for a while." However, the number of Qing artillery is less than a quarter of that of the Japanese army. The Japanese army "moves easily and pushes harder and tighter", and the Qing artillery "loses half and six guns are useless". Artillery casualties were particularly heavy, and the more guns were killed when driving horses, they gradually lost to the enemy.

At 10 in the morning, Yuan Zhi in the mountain led the first 15 wing of the first division to cross the Liaohe River. Part of the second wing directly enters Taishi Street in Grange. Keitaro personally led the Watanabe (Chapter) United Team of the Third Division to cross the Liaohe River from the upstream and advance to the northeast corner of Grange Taiwan. The Japanese army broke into the city streets from three sides. "See things urgent, do it yourself chi back to bid. The horse he was riding was also shot dead, so it was easy to supervise the war, and all passers-by were thinking hard. Nothing can resist the enemy more than a thief in danger. "He Zhankui, deputy battalion commander of Tang Zongyuan, former battalion commander of Hou Jun in Xinyi, and former battalion commander of Qianzong in Lanling," bravely supervised the war and was killed by gunfire. " At this point, Ma Yukun is still in command of the army, and the Japanese fifth division. Song Desheng didn't rush into the city streets, but only helped the team that retreated to the city streets. Ma Yukun "is difficult to support alone, and will retreat."

When the Japanese invaded Grange Terrace, a considerable number of Qing troops had no time to retreat, so they retreated to civilian houses for defense. The villagers in Tianzhuangtai picked up kitchen knives and sickles and started street fighting. After the Japanese army entered Tianzhuangtai Town, they wantonly burned, killed and looted. Whether it is the Qing army or the common people, they kill everyone they see; Entering the homes of ordinary people, all useful things are taken away.

In view of the lessons of the street fighting in Niuzhuang, the Japanese commander Nojin Daoguan ordered the burning of all houses, which caused fires everywhere in the town and black smoke enveloped the whole city streets. This is March 9 10: 30. Although the fighting has ended, the fire is still burning, and even 300 civilian ships along the river are all burned down, and the fire is getting bigger and bigger. The flames quickly roll in all directions and burn all night. In the morning of 10, this bustling town with thousands of residents finally turned into a scorched earth. "Most of the residents of Grange Terrace and the Qing army who didn't retreat died in flames.

The Battle of Tianzhuangtai was the largest land war in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and it was also the last battle of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. The Japanese army suffered about 2300 casualties and died 160. The political significance of this war is far greater than the military significance. Song Qing wrote in the paper, "From Tianzhuangtai along the Liaohe River to the east and from Anshan Station to the west, it is evidence of the Japanese army. Liaoyang and Jinzhou support the obstruction, so they must go out of Shishan Station and bypass Fengtianhui City, which is rugged. So Liaoyang was completely defeated, fundamentally shaken, land and sea crossed, the border was in danger, and peace was beneficial! "

After the fall of Tianzhuangtai, Song Qing led the army to retreat to Shuangtaizi and Shishan Station. At this time, the armies of Liaodong and Liaoxi are likely to be separated. After coming out of Tianzhuangtai, the natural barrier of Liaohe River was completely lost. At that time, only Jinzhou and Daling River were left in western Liaoning. After that, the capital shook, and the China government had to negotiate with the Japanese government. This is also the reason why Lu Aozongguang and Ito Bowen said that Beijing is not guaranteed.

The Japanese army lost the last battle in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. China's army has to be brave, and the front-line generals can't say that they are dying. However, Song Qing's strategic misjudgment and overconfidence in Liaohe Graben and his failure to actively prepare for the war are probably the fundamental reasons for the failure of the campaign.

It has been a hundred years since history, and Tianzhuangtai Town, which was once war-torn, has resumed its former prosperity. However, "the Sino-Japanese War was a long time ago; In the dream, the flag is hunting, and the iron horse is Liao Shui Han. " I believe that although China's army represented the Qing government at that time, the people of China will never forget those martyrs who defended their country, and the national martyrs will never die!