Classical Chinese-this is Datong

1. What is the original text of the ancient prose "This is Datong"

The trip to the Avenue is also for the public, so we should choose the virtuous and (jǔ) capable people, make friends and make amends. An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only child. In this way, the old will have an end, the young will be useful, and the young will be strong. Those who are sorry, widowed, lonely, widowed and disabled will be provided for, and the men will be divided and the women will return. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; You don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, it is called "Datong" to seek closure but not prosperity, and thieves do not do it, so leaving the house is not sealed.

translate

Those who practice the Tao, the world is for the people, emphasize noble and capable candidates, and stress honesty and harmony. Therefore, people should not only rely on their relatives to support their relatives, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can enjoy their old age, mature people can serve the society, children can grow up healthily, and the elderly without wives, husbands, fathers, children and the disabled can all be supported. Men have jobs and women have homes. For wealth, people hate throwing it on the ground, but they don't have to hide it themselves; People are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own selfish interests. Therefore, evil conspiracy will not happen, theft, rebellion and injury will not happen, and (every household) does not have to close the door. This is called an ideal society.

2. Emperor Wen of Sui classical Chinese translation 1. Original:

Yang Xuan, this word is public. Zhangqiu people. In the twenty-third year of Jiajing, he was a scholar and taught pedestrians. Zhuo Yushi, moved Yizhou soldiers as deputy envoys. Anda surrounded Datong right-back, and Governor yi zhu was arrested, so he chose Shi Yu as his replacement. With assistant minister Jiang Dong and company commander Zhang. Worried about returning and starting over, it's still the same.

For forty years, Governor Ji Liao was the deputy capital of the empire. There are fifteen things that are extremely harmful to the government's national defense. Often, it won't take advantage. I joined the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War.

In May next year, Gubeikou Shoujiang sent people to the fortress to keep watch and captured Wei Yan and the four of them. Han Tong, the minister, knocked on Guan Gong's reward, while Hu Zhen, the deputy commander, held it. And tied his party to more than ten people. Tong Man is afraid, holding the whistle on the wall, please change his father. He who knows Han loves his wife and his father. Choosing desire to contain Ai Xin and asking his son to be a hostage is to send his father back. Philosophers are naturally quality, and they change at the age of half a year. Choose Shu Chi to smell and praise its strategy. Both the election and Governor Xu Shen were rewarded.

2. Translation:

Yang Xuan was born in Zhangqiu. In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), he was a scholar and an official. Be promoted to suggestion, and move troops to Yizhou to prepare an agreement. Anda surrounded Datong's right-back, and Governor yi zhu was arrested. Yang replaced him and was promoted to the right-handu empire. Solve the siege of Datong with assistant minister Jiang Dong and company commander Zhang. When he went home to attend his father's funeral, he was reused and stayed in his original post.

Forty years (156 1), he was promoted to governor of Hebei and vice capital of Liao. He singled out 15 things that were extremely harmful to his country, and the emperor listened to his request even more. Because of Juyong's contribution to retreating from the enemy at the fork, he joined the right assistant minister of the officers and men's department.

In May of the following year, Gubeikou Shoujiang sent people to keep watch in the fortress, and Duo Wei Yan caught four of them. Han Tong, the minister, knocked at the door to ask for a reward. He was caught by Hu Zhen, the lieutenant, and tied up a dozen companions. Han Tong's son was afraid, so he took the captured sentry to the wall and asked to exchange his father. Han Tong is the adoptive father of Ai Xin's wife. Yang Xuan wanted to use him to contain Ai Xin, and asked his son to be a hostage, and then sent his father back. Since then, Han Tong's sons have taken turns to be hostages, once every six months. Yang Xuan reported to the emperor that he had a master plan. Yang Xuan, Governor Xu Shen and others were commended.

3. Whether the "Datong" society in the classical Chinese "A Passage to the Avenue" can be realized is still impossible to talk about ... Datong society is. .

1. A social system owned by the whole people. This social system owned by the whole people includes public ownership of power and property, first of all, public ownership of power. The slogan of public power is "the world is for the public", and the specific measures are to select talents and appoint people. It is the elected talents who manage the society, and the power to elect talents is in the "world", that is, the people of the whole society, so the power is public. The reason why it is clear that power is public is because people realize from practice that power can change everything and grab everything. Only by abolishing the monopoly of individuals on power can we ensure that other aspects of society are not monopolized; Only by insisting on public ownership of power can we ensure public ownership in other aspects of society. Therefore, the slogan "The world is for the public" is fundamentally opposed to kingship. "Book of Rites Justice" explains: "The world is public, which means that the son of heaven is in power. It's for the public to bestow virtue, and not to pass it on to future generations privately, that is, to abolish Zhu and use Shun and Yu. " Justice takes Datong as a five-chapter story, so let me give you an example. Yao didn't pass on his son Dan Zhu to Shun, and Shun didn't pass on his career to Yu. Although justice also admits that "the world is public" refers to the supreme ruling throne, from the examples cited, it is not all what Liu Yun said, because Yao and Shun did not pass on the throne to future generations, but ideologically "abdicated" the world as a private thing; And it is in the case of not yourself. Records of the Five Emperors wrote: "Yao's evil deeds are not enough to reward the world, so he has the right to shun." If granted smoothly, the world will benefit, and Danzhu disease will also occur. If Dani is awarded, the world will get sick and Dani will benefit. Yao said, "In the end, I won't benefit one person because of the diseases in the world, but grant Shun the world. The difference between "Yao Shun" and "Datong" lies in: Yao Shun's abdication is an expedient measure, and Datong's selection of talents and appointment is institutionalized; Yao and Shun were appointed by individuals, and Datong was elected by "the world"; Yao and Shun are lifelong, but Datong is not lifelong. In the Datong world, there are no emperors and kings at all.

4. The full-text translation of Cai Youchuan, an ancient prose of northern history, was written by Cai Tianyou, a native of Suizhou. Ji 'nan magistrate is the father, and is famous for its cheap price. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, Tian Youdeng was a scholar, changed to Jishi Shu, and gave the official department a job, which was a matter of Fujian. Through the Deputy Special Envoy of Shandong, I visited Liaoyang. Sorry, there are more than ten thousand hungry people. Tens of thousands of hectares of coastal polder fields have been opened, and the name of the people is "Cai Gongtian". Tired of moving to Shanxi Province.

In the third year of Jiajing, there was a mutiny in Datong, and Governor Zhang was killed. A letter to the song dynasty forgive disorderly pawn, change the governor Fu Xuan suggestion and Li Duo fu. I don't care much about my mother, so I am a counselor in heaven and a satrap of Datong. God bless several rode into the city from, told the sergeant to offer the first sin, and the people's hearts were slightly fixed. Meeting minister Jin Xianmin and company commander Hang Xiong went to Gansu, where they learned the same thing. God is afraid, please forgive me again. The Ministry of War said, "Yuan Xie cannot be eliminated without warning." . Require special ministers, governors, and major military affairs to control changes. Life of assistant minister Hu Zan, commander in chief Lu Gang to take over three thousand Beijing soldiers. Jun and others did not send it, but the scholar Li paid for it. The mutinous soldiers said, "This is a secret edict to murder Datong people for the army." Fire at night, surrounded by branches and pavilions, death is the solution. He found and killed Wang Wenchang, the magistrate of a county, surrounded the palace and threatened the king to beg for forgiveness. Wang Ji brought the second county king to Fu Xuan. According to the official statement of the suggestion king, "the soldiers are in chaos, the soldiers are pressing the border, and rebellion is fun." Please stop the imperial army and let me have a secret plan. "It is life hae-chan stationed in Fu Xuan. In a blink of an eye, God bless company commander Gui Yong has arrested 54 people. Please stop the Beijing army from sending them. The emperor is responsible for obstructing official duties, and this order will be condemned by Guo Jian. After the second meeting between Zan and Yang, Yong and Tian You ordered thousands of people, including Miao, to be arrested and beheaded, and sent a letter to Zan asking to be a class teacher.

Just two days later, father Guo Baozi corrected Xu Zhaner and others' actions of killing Yongjia and destroying Miaojia. Your words will be punished. The emperor refused to let God take you back to Beijing and let the company commander Zhu Zhen take his place. He was still stationed in Fu Xuan. There is nothing to live for. God has captured Xu Zhaner and others, and Zan and others move on. In the first month of next year, assistant minister Li Kun and the chief military forces fled the Great Wall, which will be a future trouble. The emperor will send a special envoy to investigate, and he will return to Beijing to say that there is no shortage of fugitives. The emperor wanted to stop the investigator and not send him away. Scar slipped into the city again, burning and shaking. Mindan, Trinity. Scar and his party were beheaded for favoritism. Everything you do is coercion and inducement, and people's hearts will be set. News, silver coins. Already, into the vice suggestion, the governor remains the same.

If you find it, go to the right assistant minister's Ministry of War. After a long time, I was recalled to the Ministry. Heaven was short of money for a long time, so when it got old, it built a side wall. I use cheap salt to increase the price, and every 10 thousand is rewarded with 5 thousand silver. The emperor made a mistake. So, Li Zongshu, this suggestion, went back to the previous things, and God bless left because of illness. Lived for two years and was designated for use. If you can't get to Beijing, you will get sick and die. 95 years old.

God is clever. During the mutiny. Left and right are thieves, and the shogunate knows it. Heaven recruited astrologers to come and go in the army, and because of their goodwill, they succeeded. After staying in the town for seven years, Wade wrote a masterpiece, and his father compiled a temple for Lian.

5. Who has the original text of Journey to the Avenue?

The trip to the avenue is also for the public, choosing talents and talents, and honesty. An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only child. In this way, the old will have an end, the young will be useful, and the young will be strong. Those who are sorry, widowed, lonely, widowed and disabled will be provided for, and the men will be divided and the women will return.

If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; You don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, it is called "Datong" to seek closure but not prosperity, and thieves do not do it, so leaving the house is not sealed.

Translation:

Those who practice the Tao, the world is for the people, emphasize noble and capable candidates, and stress honesty and harmony. Therefore, people should not only support their relatives, but also raise their children, so that the elderly can enjoy their old age and mature people can serve the society.

Let children grow up healthily, and let the elderly without wives, husbands, fatherless youth, childless elderly and disabled people get support. Men have jobs and women have homes. For wealth, people hate throwing it on the ground, but they don't have to hide it themselves; People are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own selfish interests.

Therefore, evil conspiracy will not happen, theft, rebellion and injury will not happen, and every household does not have to close the door. This is called an ideal society.

A Passage to the Avenue is an article in the Book of Rites edited by Dai Sheng, a ritualist in the Western Han Dynasty. This paper aims to clarify the basic characteristics of the Confucian "Great Harmony" society and the ideal social model of "the world is for the public" pursued by the ancients.

Firstly, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of "Datong" society; Secondly, it explains the ideal model of "Datong" society; Finally, compare the real society with the ideal "Great Harmony" society to further explain "Great Harmony". The full text is well-paced, varied and eclectic, which is thought-provoking and inspiring to read.

Extended data:

Creation background

This article is selected from The Book of Rites. The Book of Rites is one of the Confucian classics, and it is a compilation of 49 etiquette works written by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty before the Qin and Han Dynasties, which is a compilation of Confucian thoughts.

A Passage to the Avenue is a passage from Confucius at the beginning of The Book of Rites, which aims to clarify the basic characteristics of the Confucian ideal "Great Harmony" society. Confucius said these words because he lived in a turbulent and chaotic end of the Spring and Autumn Period and longed for a peaceful and prosperous society.

Overall appreciation

theme

On the basis of expounding the basic characteristics of "Datong" society, this paper points out the bright future of "Datong" society. Everyone here can get social care, live and work in peace and contentment, and do their best. This is the lofty social ideal of Confucianism.

This paper compares the real society with the ideal "Datong" society, thus pointing out many phenomena in the real society, such as conspiracy, theft of property, chaos and so on. Will no longer exist in the "Datong" society, but will be replaced by a peaceful and stable situation of "leaving home and not closing the door"

This has reflected the real situation of the real society: social chaos and disorder, turmoil and intrigue, and everyone is in danger; Thieves are rampant and chaos is rampant.

In a word, the ideal society described in this paper reflects the ancient people's yearning for a better society in China. Although the subjective purpose is only to discuss etiquette, explain the ancient system and publicize Confucianism, the social ideal of "Great Harmony" is the ideological wealth left by ancient sages to all mankind more than 2,000 years ago. Reading is thought-provoking and inspiring.

Dai Sheng (date of birth and death unknown): the pioneer of Xiao Dai School in the Western Han Dynasty. Zi Cijun Liang (the county now governs the south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), according to the Records of Cheng 'an County, was a person who scolded Qiu in Wei County (now southeast of Cheng 'an, Hebei Province). Officer Jiujiang satrap.

Learn from my uncle Dade. When Xuan Di was appointed as a doctor, he took part in the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion. It's called Xiao Dai. Sage Liang Ren Qiao Ren He. Therefore, there is a bridge with Yang's knowledge. He also selected and recorded the main expositions of various ancient etiquette and compiled it into the Book of Rites for Little Dai, which is now the Book of Rites.

Writing characteristics

Clear-cut, coherent

The hierarchical structure of this paper is clear, * * * can be divided into three layers.

The first layer is from the beginning to "sticking to faith and repairing friendship", which is a programmatic explanation of "Datong society"

The sentence from "an old friend is not only close" to "not for himself" is the second level, which is the basic feature of "Datong" society.

Finally, the third layer is named "Datong", which shows the ancient people's concept of human society in an all-round and concrete way.

6. The 1 15 th translator of Ming History is Song Wangyi, a native of Yongfeng, Ji 'an. Jiajing was a scholar in the twenty-sixth year. Grant Wu county order. The people have lost the capital of white grain and need to break their homes. I hope that all areas will leave public land and give land support. Cremation is forbidden, children visit temples, and a library is built, which benefits a lot. Build an empire. Illegal, General Qiu Luan held his self-esteem and stayed in the middle. Yes, Wu Shierce. To patrol the east of the river, please open the Sanggan River to proclaim tribute, saying, "This river originates from Jinlongchi and flows down to ancient Ding Qiao in Wengcheng, where many waters meet, flowing eastward for more than 1,000 miles and entering the Lugou Bridge. In the meantime, there are only rocks in Datongbu Village, and the cliff in Fu Xuan Black Dragon Bay is a bit dangerous, but it is not more than 50 miles. There are still two or three feet in shallow water, so it can be dredged. Hou Yue, governor of Datong, tried to go to Huailai by boat, and it was safer to go to Libu Village and Heilong Bay. I also came back from my arms and carried 30 meters of stones to Guding River, which was enough for me to levy. " When the parties are lucky, the ratio of thirty stones is one stone. I hope it's sparse. Let me discuss it. Nie Bao, the minister of the Ministry of War, said: "After the river is completed, it will be a trough, which can also control the enemy's riding." Ouyang Bi, Minister of Industry, said: "There is a long way to go." Then report it.

I hope I can save my mother's return. Also in South Korea, Hu Zongxian and Ruane were raped and greedy, and were arrested. Both of them were private to Yan Song, and Song was unhappy. He was ordered to supervise the door work of the third temple. Private Song Zi wants to enter, give fortifications, and hope to hold on. After the work was completed, Zhuo became the right temple in Dali. Fan Shi thinks virtue. I hope you will come back as soon as possible. Without thanks, Fan Shi will be angry. In case of disaster, he visited the Beijing official and moved to the official department, so he sat down as the judge of Yiling. Song was defeated, and Bazhou soldiers prepared for war. Please come to Zhuozhou, except for the tax on Mahu Lake. In the name of preparing the agreement as a soldier, he went to Fujian. Qi Jiguang, the company commander, defeated the Japanese together because of the aftermath of coastal defense. Comply with his request. In the second year of Qin Long, Bai Yang, the official department minister, wanted to look up the documents, but Liu Yiru, the trial worker, insisted on making up for Sichuan's troubles with the second grade. Four moved to Shao Qing, Dali.

In the second year of Wanli, when Zhang Weiguo was a country, he knew his talents well and expected him. He is the ruler of the empire and the governor should be in charge of the government. Give play to and reduce disasters in county towns. The Marine Police decided not to talk about soldiers, and hoped to prepare for the war with Deputy Special Envoy Wang Shuguo. The Japanese fruit has arrived, and it is the black water ocean of the imperial army. It has gained a lot and entered the right vice capital. First of all, a minister wrote to Xue, hoping to establish Nanjing, which was worshipped by loyal temples. Song Zhongchen Yangbang, a native of Wang Yixiang, was buried in Jiangning, and the years have gradually lost. Wang Yi closed his grave and held his memorial ceremony. Therefore, Yuan Hongyu, Taichangqing and Jiang Bao were all disliked by Juzheng, and they gradually lost their affection for Juzheng. In four years, I moved to Dali, Nanjing. After many years, he changed to the north and was disintegrated.

I visited Nie Bao, Shao Shi, Wang Shouren, Zou Shouyi, OuYangDe and Luo Hongxian. Shouren worship, the instrument looks mighty. I have been at home for several years. (Excerpted from The First and Fifth Biography of Ming History)

Note: In the Ming Dynasty, civilians were sent to deliver food for the government.

8. The explanations of the words added in the following sentences are incorrect.

A. the ratio of thirty stones to one stone: about.

B Hu Zongxian and Ruane were convicted of rape and corruption.

C. I hope I can't do it: insist.

D. Please build a city in Zhuozhou, except the tax city Mahu: build a city.

Answer: b (hair: exposed. )

9. In the following sentences, the meanings and usages of additional words are different.

A. I cried to death because of the aftermath of coastal defense, so I decided to go with Wu.

B Xiang Bo, the second rank, is Ye Chi's Pei Gong army.

C. those who contain their shrine offerings, or accuse them of coming out.

D. I hope that the documents will be strong and the wind and rain will flourish.

Answer: c (pronoun, his pronoun, that. A is a conjunction, so. B is a conjunction, so. D is a part-time word.

10. Translate the underlined sentences in the first volume of classical Chinese into modern Chinese. (8 points)

(1) The people have lost their white grain capital and need to break their homes. It is hoped that every region can get public land, which will be supported by the plan. (4 points)

When people transport white grain to Beijing, they often lose everything at home. Song ordered each district to take out the public land and calculate the labor force to support them (the people who transported white grain). (translated into 1 minute effect. The translation of "lose", "go out of the public domain" and "support" is correct. 1 minute)

(2) In case of disaster, when visiting Beijing officials, they will move to the official department, so they are impetuous and demote the judges in Yiling. (4 points)

Ouyang Bijin visited the home of an official who was working in Beijing when disasters and abnormal natural phenomena occurred, and was transferred to the official department, so he accused (Song) of recklessness and demoted (Song) as a judge of Yiling. (translated into 1 minute effect. "Hui", "sitting impetuous" and ellipsis are translated correctly. 1 min)

1 1. In the first volume of Classical Chinese, how did Wang Yi of Song become an official? Please summarize it briefly. (5 points)

A: Be sympathetic to people's feelings and pay attention to education; Don't be afraid of the powerful and stick to justice; Actively make suggestions and be far-sighted; Benefit the place and plan ahead; Don't flatter, recommend talents. (One point, 1 minute)

7. Ming history. Wang Bangrui answered in classical Chinese. Wang Bangrui was born in Yiyang. I learned a lot. When I was a student, there were thieves in Shandong, and fourteen strategies for encirclement and suppression of thieves and bandits were in the magistrate. Zheng De became a scholar after 12 years. Change it to Jishi Shu. He is involved in Wang Fu, and he is called Guangzhou Gong. In the early years of Jiajing, my grandfather died and left. Make up Chuzhou. Many times, he was promoted to be a doctor in Nanjing and became a teacher in Shaanxi. Binzhou is known to have been demoted because he failed to pay tribute more than five times a year. He was promoted to deputy ambassador of Guyuan again. Li Wei, the thief of Jing and Kuai, robbed Hedong and Hexi and made peace with them. Because grandma left in mourning. After the mourning period expires, he will be promoted to Shaanxi and transferred to politics. Mother died and quit her job. He was promoted to the right yue empire and was also the governor of Ningxia. The enemy invaded with ice and settled the defeated. She was appointed as Dali Qing of Nanjing. If you don't do this, you will be recalled as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. know

The new official changed to the official department and rose to the left. Anda invaded the capital and ordered Governor Guo Rui to go to Jiumen. Guo Rui patrolled Chang 'an Avenue, the east and west of the military camp outside the imperial city, opened the gate wide and went to the suburbs to avoid thieves. Ding Rukui, the minister of the Ministry of War, went to prison, ordered Guo Rui to mention this matter, and served as the prefect of the regiment. When the enemy retreated, the generals were asked to study their merits and demerits and dredge nine trenches, and they all promised to reply. Guo Rui saw the relaxation of the prison camp system and pointed out its disadvantages. So, except for 12 regiments, they all belong to the 3rd battalion and are unified by Hou Qiuluan of Xianning. Guo Rui also became the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War, in charge of Beijing camp affairs. And state six things to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages. It is said that eunuchs are in charge of the army, so please remove all the prefects who have supervised firearms throughout the ages. The emperor replied. Zhao Shichun, the former editor-in-chief, and the director of the Ministry of Industry knew about the war and were appointed as the Ministry of War to manage the affairs of the Beijing battalion. Soon, the emperor called the minister of war Weng Wanda, but it didn't arrive yet, and it was late, so he ordered Guo. How to steal twelve things in the article? owner

Qiu Luan Qiu Luan framed Bangrui for the emperor, and God's care gradually moved. In Xiao Luan, Li Fengming, the company commander of Jizhou, and Xu Gan, the company commander of Datong, were removed, and Cheng Xun, the deputy battalion commander of Jingying, was recommended to sing the Phoenix, and Ren Xu, the deputy battalion commander of Miyun, was recommended to replace the hub. Mainly from the middle and bottom. Guo Rui said, "It's up to Your Majesty to decide which officials or officials the imperial court must take when changing generals, so be careful of delays and show me what you dare not decide. Moreover, elite generals and tombs of martyrs will not govern each other. So, why does Yingying walk around the town? When Luan invited me today, I was afraid that all the nine generals would flee. This is not the blessing of the country. " The emperor was unhappy and the monkey condemned him. Xiao Luan wants to control the border generals again and stop building the side wall of Yuji Town. Guo Rui thinks this is impossible. Xiao Luan's great regret is even more unbridled. In Guo Rui, he also stated how to steal a big plan, so he was severely fired and acted in a civilized way. A few days later, the big plan was stated. Finally, he was removed from the list to Zhao Jindai. With Guo Rui's departure, Xiao Luan became more arrogant. He was executed the next year, and Jinxiu was also protected by the party, so the emperor gradually thought of it. Ten years later, the Beijing camp was short of people, and the emperor said, "It must be Bangrui." So I got up and became an official. know

After arriving, I have arrived, and a few things are allowed. Died a year later. Give it to Prince Shao Bao and Mi Yi, and send messengers to escort him back to his hometown for burial. room

Guo Rui Guo Rui is strict, decisive and knowledgeable. He has been an official for forty years and is famous for his incorruptibility.