How can a letter chant Shenyang?

When people see battlements, they all say it is the old capital.

Cattle carts are still jumbled, and houses are half deserted.

Fortunately, there are many people here, so why not?

But if you can make things simple, it's also good here.

This poem "First Arriving in Shenyang" is a poem written by Han Ke, a monk who was exiled to Shenyang in April of the fifth year of Shunzhi. It is selected from Volume 6 of Qianshan Poems.

Different from the hymns sung by emperors, nobles and dignitaries, in the eyes of Han Ke, a monk who came to Shengjing as a refugee, Shengjing looked desolate and lonely compared with Nanjing, where he lived for a long time in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Shunzhi period, although the capital was moved to Beijing, Shengjing was called the capital and the old capital, but the Qing court focused on the whole country, Shengjing production was still recovering, and the economy was still sluggish. Everything seen and written in the letter is a real scene: "Ox carts are still jumbled and houses are half deserted." The Book of Pinghuai, Volume 30 of Historical Records, said: "The disadvantages of Han Xing's succession to Qin Dynasty are that his husband changed his salary, was old and weak, had dramatic lessons and lacked money. Since the son of heaven can't have a rank, he has to take an ox cart, and his people have no cover. " Later, due to the metaphor of social decline with ox carts, materials were scarce. The "miscellaneous" in the sentence refers to numerous and messy appearances. Facing the desolation of Shengjing, Hank showed a philosopher's attitude in adversity. He said, fortunately, there are still thousands of families living in Shengjing. What's wrong with me being a beggar? It's a good idea to travel and beg from now on. This poem "Hank" is simple and true, frank and optimistic, and truly reflects a side of Shenyang in the early Qing Dynasty.

Hank (1612-1659), born in Boluo, Guangdong Province, was the eldest son of Shang Han in the Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he liked poetry and wine, made many friends and became a celebrity.

But when he saw the social unrest in the late Ming Dynasty, he had the idea of escaping into an empty net. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), he became a monk at the age of 29. 1644 In May, the Hong Guang regime of Nanming was established in Nanjing. The following spring, he invited the Tibetan scriptures to Nanjing, just as the Qing army captured the city. He stayed in Nanking for a period of time because of roadblocks, so he wrote a private history of the rise and fall of Hong Guang regime in Nanming and the struggle against the Qing Dynasty at all levels, named Change Again. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), he left Nanjing and was searched by Qing soldiers again. The client thinks there is slander against the court and suspects that he must have an accomplice. Although he is tortured, he will never implicate others. Being sent to Beijing by machine at the end of the year, he remained indomitable and vowed not to recruit anyone.

Finally, the Qing court exiled him to Shenyang, where he was ordered to burn books. He became the first victim of the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty.

After arriving in Shenyang, Hanke preached in seven monasteries and became famous. He was regarded as the originator of Buddhism in Liaoshen area. He made more floating literati, sang songs and expressed their feelings in his poems. In the winter of the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), he took the opportunity of Zuo Maotai, a fugitive, to celebrate his birthday in Shenyang, and initiated the organization of "Ice Club", which was the first literati association in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty, and Xinhe Zuo Maotai became the core figure in the literary world of Liaoshen at that time. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Xin died and his disciples were buried in Qianshan. Han Ke wrote many works before his death, especially poems. He has edited the collection of poems "Golden Pagoda Bell", and there are six volumes of Qian Shan Zen master's quotations and twenty volumes of Qian Shan's poems.

Hank: Sanguan Temple-Zhanggong's former residence

Most of Hank's poems are realistic, vivid, unpretentious, bitter and gloomy, but magnificent. His Shenyang poems include Walking for the Old, Twenty Shenyang Miscellaneous Poems, Sanguan Temple and so on. His poem "Sanguan Temple-Zhang Gong's Former Residence" says-

Cui Wei in the Que is close to Rhoda, and Qiongpei has many old immortals.

Lang Lang plays hidden stars, and the night is like a song.

Zhang Chun detained Sanguan Temple as a book shadow of "No Two Poems"

Sanguan Temple, namely Jing You Palace and Taoist Temple. The traceable Taoist temple in Shenyang is the Chenghuang Temple built in the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (1352). In the Ming Dynasty, there were Jingyue Palace, Doum Palace and Guan Yue Temple inside and outside zhongwei. Jingyou Palace was built on the east side of Shengjing Old Palace. Because of the worship of heaven, earth and water, people also call it Sanguan Temple and Sanyuan Temple. According to the Taoist scriptures, God bless the people, the local officials forgive sins, the water officials release Eritrea, and the three officials are matched with three yuan, that is, Shang Yuan is an official for one day, Central Plains is an official, and Xia Yuan is an official for one water.

Sanguan Temple doesn't play an important role among many temples in Shengjing, but two important events happened in Sanguan Temple in the early Qing Dynasty, both of which were related to Hong Chengchou in Zhang Chunhe, adding a thick layer of paint to Sanguan Temple.

Zhang Chun's subtitle in the poem "Zhang Gong's Old Residence" in Sanguan Temple means "Zhang Gong". A native of Tongzhou, Shaanxi Province (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province) in the Ming Dynasty, he was a scholar in the apocalypse, and he was tired of being an official to Yongping's garrison road, and Shao Qing was a great servant temple. In August of the fourth year of Chongzhen (Jin Tiancong's fifth year, 163 1), Huang taiji personally led an army to besiege Ming Daling River City, and Daling River City sent Zu Dashou to the court for help. The imperial court sent Zhang Chun as the army supervisor, and led the company commander Wu Xiang and more than 40,000 people to Daling River to reinforce Zu Dashou. The Ming and Qing dynasties fought fiercely in a place fifteen miles away from the city. Zhang Chunying was first attacked by post-nomads, and Wu Xiang and others left Zhang Chunyu and fled without fighting. As a result, other Ming generals in Zhang Chunhe were captured alive by post-nomads. When Zhang Chun was brought before Huang Taiji, everyone knelt down and begged for mercy, but Zhang Chun stood straight and did not kneel, which angered Huang Taiji. He picked up a bow and arrow and tried to shoot him, but Daishan stopped him. Huang Taiji returned to Shenyang with Zhang Chun.

After Zhang Chun was taken to Shenyang, he still refused to surrender. Refuse to shave and change clothes. In order to soften him up, Huang Taiji had to detain him in Sanguan Temple to live with the White Lama. However, all other captured officials surrendered to Houjin, but Zhang Chun always insisted on integrity, did not change clothes and was loyal to the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Chun was imprisoned for twelve years, and Chongde died in Sanguan Temple in eight years (1643). Huang taiji admired his loyalty to the Ming court and noble personality, and ordered Zhang Chun to be buried in the Yonghe Palace in Liaoyang, fulfilling the wish of loyal ministers in the Ming Dynasty.

In February of the seventh year of Chongde (1642), Hong Chengchou, a famous minister captured in the battle of Jin Song during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was also held in Sanguan Temple. Hong Chengchou was the governor of Liao in the Ming Dynasty. When Huang Taiji led an army to besiege Jinzhou City, he was ordered to lead eight company commanders, including Wu Sangui, and 130,000 soldiers and horses to come to the rescue. Huang taiji realized that this was a life-and-death battle outside Shanhaiguan in Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the one hand, he encourages morale. On the other hand, the Qing army was mobilized to divide Hong Chengchou's reinforcements into two isolated strongholds, such as Songshan, Xingshan and Tashan, outside Jinzhou. Soon, Hong Chengchou was captured alive in Songshan City. Hong Chengchou, who was taken back to Shengjing, began to say that he would never surrender and just wanted to die. But after careful planning and repeated surrender by Huang Taiji, Hong Chengchou finally wavered. Huang taiji said happily:

"I have a guide who leads troops into the Central Plains." He's right. After the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou made great contributions to the Qing army's entry into the Central Plains, especially suppressing and appeasing the soldiers and civilians fighting in the south of the Yangtze River, which was appreciated by the Qing court. However, Hong Chengchou's loyalty and character have been criticized by people. He was included in Biography of Two Officials when compiling History of Qing Dynasty, which showed his true meaning of rebelling against Ming Dynasty and descending Qing Dynasty.

The Sanguan Temple in Shengjing recorded the different performances and personalities of Zhang Chunhe Hong Chengchou, and it also played a warning and enlightenment role in people's memory.

During the Qianlong period, when the emperor Qianlong was repairing and expanding the old palace in Shengjing, he ordered the Sanguan Temple (namely, Jingyou Palace) to be moved to the new site of Deshengmen (South Gate), and the original site was chiseled away to build the Qing ancestral temple.

Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty visited Sanguan Temple eleven times and recited poems about Jingyou Palace many times. I think it is not only a respect for Taoism, but also a review of a period of history that happened in the temple.

Shinko was exiled to Shengjing in the fifth year of Shunzhi. When he has been to the Sanguan Temple (Jingyou Palace) on the east side of the Old Palace and heard the story of Zhang Chun told by his predecessors, he will sincerely admire "Zhang Gong" and remember it with poems.

The first two sentences of the poem describe the environment and grand occasion of Sanguan Temple. "Que Palace is near", where Que refers to the palace to the west of Sanguan Temple and Tian is the highest point of Taoism. "Yun Luan Qiong Pei Man Lao Xian" is about the Taoist priest "Yun Luan Qiong Pei" in Sanguan Temple, and there are many immortals. It is also a pun to say that "there are many old immortals", that is to say, there are many Taoist immortals in the temple, and some people like "Zhang Gong" have lived here, which makes the immortals more. The last two sentences implicitly express the admiration and nostalgia for "Zhang Gong" Zhang Chun. The phrase "Lang Lang plays hidden stars", "Lang Lang", is the name of ancient music. "The Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" said: "The Queen Mother ordered her daughter to play the music of eight banners and blow the music of clouds." This letter can be compared to Jin's invitation to the Ming court after Zhang. During his stay in Sanguan Temple, Zhang Chun always insisted on honesty, but he was concerned about war and peace during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He believed that peace between the two sides of the strait was "beneficial to the country", so he made peace for later Jin (Qing) and Ming many times. "The stars are hidden" refers to the death of Zhang Chun. The word "Long Night" means "Long Night" and "Unique Song", which means that Zhang Chun wrote "Unique Song" during his detention. There is a sentence in the poem "Notes on Nighttalk with Higiordao", which shows that his poem is touching. These two letters can beautifully and profoundly write down the memory and nostalgia for Zhang Chun-Zhang Gong, your efforts to pursue peace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Sanguan Temple have quietly faded away like beautiful music, but your spirit will last forever, just like we are listening to your "no two songs" here all night! A poem that is sung by things and upright can be written with charm and touching feelings.

Hanke's poems enjoy a high reputation in Shengjing literary world. Because of his existence, Ji 'en Temple has become a famous Buddhist temple in Shengjing and even Liaoshen.

Renji Daxiong Hall

Jionji was founded in the second year of Tiancong in the early Qing Dynasty (1628) outside Deshengmen (south gate).

At the beginning, Huiqing and Shang went to Shenyang City to raise funds to build it, in order to worship Siddhartha Gautama. There are not many monks and incense. From the early years of Shunzhi, monk Hank and his four disciples were exiled by the Qing court and lived in Ji 'en Temple, and the situation changed. The letter can be used as a Dojo to preach Buddhism in Jionji, and its reputation is getting bigger and bigger. He was also invited to give lectures at Buddhist temples in Liaoyang and Qian Shan. At the same time, during his frequent contacts with scholars in Shengjing, he proposed to imitate the communication atmosphere of scholars in the south of the Yangtze River with his poetry friends, and set up an ice club to sing poems, which shocked Wen Yuan in Shengjing and became a great event in Liaoshen literary world that year. According to statistics, there are more than 20 literati who can communicate with Xin, such as Zuo Maotai, Zuo Xinsheng, Li Mao, Wei Yan, Hao Yu, and so on. Most of these people are "people who have been detained by the Qing court" and can be regarded as the same as writing a book.

Gianji believed, but this exiled monk who gave lectures and recited poems became a hot spot of religious and cultural activities in Shengjing for a while, making Gianji famous. By the end of Qing Dynasty, Jionji had developed into the largest Buddhist temple in Shenyang. So far, it has become a famous landscape in Shenyang.