What is the special equipment management system?

In order to strengthen the safety of special equipment, prevent accidents of special equipment, ensure personal and property safety and promote economic and social development, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Safety of Special Equipment is formulated. The NPC Standing Committee was promulgated on June 29, 20 13, and shall come into force on June 29, 20 14.

Content interpretation

Put the safety of people's lives and property in the first place —— Kan Ke, deputy director of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Committee, interprets the safety law of special equipment?

The Third Session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and voted on the Law of the People's Republic of China on Safety of Special Equipment.

Kan Ke, deputy director of the the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission, said that recently, there have been many major production safety accidents in China, which have caused heavy casualties and property losses. The timely promulgation of this law, which aims at preventing accidents of special equipment and ensuring personal and property safety, is a vivid interpretation of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)'s people-oriented and legislation for the people.

First, people-oriented, legislation for the people

Kan Ke: Special equipment sounds strange, but when it comes to elevators and amusement facilities, everyone is familiar with it. Special equipment, including boilers, elevators, passenger ropeways, large-scale amusement facilities, etc., usually operates under the conditions of high pressure, high temperature, high altitude and high speed. If the management is not good, it will easily lead to production and industrial accidents such as explosion and falling, which will seriously endanger personal and property safety.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the number of special equipment has increased rapidly. By the end of 20 12, the total number of special equipment in China reached 8.22 million. Taking elevators as an example, the number of elevators in China has surged from 350,000 in 2002 to 2065,438+2.45 million in 2002. In 20 13, China ranked first in the world in terms of elevator production, installation and ownership.

At the same time, the security situation of special equipment is more complicated. Still taking elevators as an example, the accident rate and death toll of elevators in China have decreased year by year in recent years. However, due to the rapid increase in the number of elevators, some elevators in use are seriously aging, and the maintenance is not timely and standardized. The elevator stopped abnormally and was "trapped" or even "swallowed".

People-oriented and legislation for the people is a fundamental principle that China has always adhered to in its legislative work. Legislation is to solve the outstanding problems that are common in practice. This law is the first law to unify and comprehensively standardize the safety management of all kinds of special equipment. Its promulgation marks a big step forward for the safety work of special equipment in China to be scientific and legal.

Second, the safety responsibility enterprise is the first

Kan Ke: This law has established a new model of special equipment safety work, which is a trinity of "the enterprise bears the main responsibility for safety, the government performs the responsibility for safety supervision, and the society plays a supervisory role", further highlighting that the units that produce, operate and use special equipment are the main responsibility for safety.

In the production process, the law stipulates the administrative licensing system for the design, manufacture, installation, modification and maintenance of special equipment; In the course of operation, the law prohibits the sale and lease of special equipment that is produced without a license, has not been inspected and failed to pass the inspection, or has been explicitly eliminated or scrapped by the state; Use links.

The law requires that all special equipment must be registered with the regulatory authorities before use. The user shall implement the safety responsibility, conduct safety inspection on the safe operation of the equipment on a regular basis, and conduct regular maintenance. Once the equipment is found to be faulty, it should stop running immediately and conduct a comprehensive inspection to eliminate the hidden dangers of accidents.

These regulations are summarized from the lessons of special equipment safety accidents. In the past, after the accident, some responsibilities were unclear, and the government "paid the bill" for the accident damage. The purpose of this law is to strengthen the main responsibility of enterprises, increase the punishment for illegal acts, urge production, management and use units and their responsible persons to establish safety awareness and earnestly assume the responsibility of ensuring the safety of special equipment.

Third, refine the terms and strengthen implementation.

Kan Ke: This year, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) proposed to further improve the quality of legislation and effectively enhance the enforceability of laws. This law has been increased from 65 articles in the first instance to 20 10 13 1, which supplements and refines many targeted articles.

The recent elevator safety accident shows that maintenance is an important link. It is understood that the elevator accident in a building in Luohu, Shenzhen in May was due to the illegal use of liquid lubricating oil by maintenance personnel to lubricate the brakes, which led to the reduction of elevator braking capacity.

In view of similar problems, the law clearly requires that elevator maintenance must be undertaken by qualified units, and the operators who undertake maintenance must receive professional training and obtain operator qualifications; During the maintenance process, the requirements of safety technical specifications should be strictly implemented, and on-site protective measures should be implemented to ensure construction safety.

For another example, the law has made special provisions on elevator safety management in residential quarters. If the owner entrusts the realty service unit to manage the elevator in the residential area, the realty service unit shall perform the safety management obligation according to law. In the event of an accident, if the property service unit fails to fulfill its safety management obligations, it shall bear corresponding responsibilities.

Fourth, government supervision is responsible according to law.

Kan Ke: The supervision of special equipment by government departments should not be "nanny-style" to take over corporate responsibility, but "police-style" supervision, urging production, sales and use units and inspection and testing institutions to fulfill their obligations and requirements stipulated by law, and resolutely investigate and deal with illegal acts once they are found.

Departments responsible for the safety supervision and management of special equipment according to law shall focus on safety supervision and inspection of special equipment in schools, kindergartens, stations, docks, shopping malls, parks and other places.

Give full play to the role of social supervision and protect the public's right to know. The supervision department of special equipment shall regularly announce the safety status of special equipment to the public according to law. At the same time, the regulatory authorities are required to establish a complete file and information inquiry system for the supervision and management of special equipment registered according to law to facilitate public inquiry.

Fifth, improve public safety awareness and enhance self-protection ability.

Kan Ke: Everyone's life is only once, and the fall of each life will bring great loss and pain to the family.

When using elevators and playing in amusement parks, you should pay attention to safety tips and obey the management instructions of the staff; Children should be accompanied by adults when riding escalators; The use of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders in restaurants and households should come from formal channels ... it is not enough to do it by yourself.

The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)'s legislation adheres to the people-oriented principle and puts the protection of people's lives and property in the first place. However, the effective implementation of the law requires the joint efforts of the whole society and everyone's conscious awareness of safety.

Extended data

operational safety

(1) Preparation before overhaul, steps of equipment shutdown and matters needing attention

(1) For the preparation work before boiler maintenance, first stop the boiler according to the normal shutdown procedure and slowly cool it. Open each door hole to avoid being scalded by steam, hot water or smoke. Then, the steam, water supply, sewage and other pipelines on the inspected boiler are separated from the corresponding pipelines of other operating boilers by blind plates, and the flue of the inspected boiler is separated from the main flue or the flue communicated with other operating boilers. The position of the partition should be clearly pointed out.

(2) Preparation before overhaul of pressure vessel: completely cut off the connecting pipeline between the vessel and external equipment with a blind plate, especially cut off the passage with combustible or toxic medium equipment. The medium in the container should be completely discharged. For flammable, toxic or suffocating media, cleaning, replacement, disinfection and other technical treatments should be carried out, and the sampling analysis is qualified. Cut off all power related to the container.

③ Safety precautions during maintenance:

(1) Pay attention to ventilation and monitoring. Before entering the equipment, open the manhole on the drum and container and the hand hole on the header to fully ventilate; When entering the equipment maintenance, ventilation should be maintained, and someone must be supervised outside the equipment.

(2) Pay attention to electricity safety. When overhauling narrow and humid equipment, low-voltage explosion-proof lamps with voltage not exceeding 12V or 24V should be used for lighting, and naked flames are strictly prohibited.

(c) Do not disassemble and assemble the connector under pressure. If it is necessary to remove or tighten the fasteners of pressure-bearing parts, the pressure must be completely released before inspection to prevent accidents.

(2) Use of safety protection articles and personal safety monitoring

According to the use requirements of various protective equipment, standardize the use. When in use, you must wear it carefully and fully during the whole contact time. Workers should make full use of personal protective equipment to protect themselves, so as to reduce the injuries caused by maintenance.

Baidu encyclopedia-special equipment

Baidu Encyclopedia-Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China