What are the general provisions in kindergarten architectural design?

Twenty key points of kindergarten design

First, use the extension of the object

At present, kindergarten users generally break through the original limit of 3-6 years old and expand to 2-6 years old; And quality kindergartens are bound to expand to 0-6 years old, offering parent-child gardens and baby classes.

Even if it doesn't open now, it is bound to open a parent-child park in the near future.

Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other regions have put forward requirements, and provincial demonstration parks must have parent-child parks.

The trend of younger children's education is very obvious.

Therefore, in the spatial layout, we should consider the indoor and outdoor venues for education for infants aged 0 ~ 3.

In the future, for densely distributed group-run parks, such as many public parks in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou, children aged 0-3 and 3-6 will usually be divided into parks, and traditional kindergartens will be divided into baby parks and kindergartens to enhance the pertinence of education and improve the efficiency of education.

Similar to the separation of demonstration high school and junior high school now.

And many kindergartens usually cover five or six age groups from 0 to 6 years old.

This means that children have to go to kindergarten for four, five or even six years.

With the opening of parent-child park, it is inevitable to consider the influence of parents' participation on kindergartens.

At the same time, the baby class mostly adopts the half-day system (if the students are full, the morning and afternoon system can be adopted), and the pick-up and drop-off requirements are also different from those of the baby class.

Then 0 ~ 3-year-old infant education and 3 ~ 6-year-old infant education, that is, parent-child parks and kindergartens should have their own functions.

It is particularly important to note that with the strengthening of kindergarten's cultural service function to the community, kindergarten may become the cultural and artistic activity center of the community and become a "community school".

In addition to traditional kindergartens and parent-child parks, kindergartens may also provide services such as pregnancy guidance, family education, homework guidance for primary school students, weekend interest classes, community parent-child libraries, community choirs, community dance teams, and outward bound training for primary school students.

In this way, the service targets of kindergartens will include primary school students, adults and the elderly.

"Starting at the age of zero, using life" will become our new orientation of running a school.

Different users and different service functions put forward different requirements for architectural design.

Second, the division of space.

On the one hand, kindergarten buildings can be divided into three parts: office reception area, teaching activity area and logistics service area.

The office reception area mainly includes reception hall, health care room (including morning inspection isolation room), guard room, public lounge, director's room, finance room, director's room, conference room, teacher's office, file reference room, etc.

The teaching activity area includes classrooms (including bedrooms and toilets), parent-child garden, multi-function hall, scientific discovery room, art room, piano room, library and other special function rooms;

The core of the logistics service area is the kitchen (including dressing room, staple food warehouse, non-staple food warehouse, pastry room, raw processing room, cooked processing room, disinfection room, catering room, teacher dining room, boiling water room and fruit storage room), as well as office supplies warehouse, logistics supplies warehouse, maintenance warehouse and staff toilet.

On the other hand, outdoor venues can also be divided into three parts: public activity area, children's activity area and green area.

The public activity area mainly includes the kindergarten entrance, roads, publicity and exhibition areas, teachers' carports, etc.

Children's activity areas include playgrounds, large toy areas, sand pools and breeding areas.

Green space includes plane green space inside and outside the wall and three-dimensional green space above the building and wall.

The entry and exit routes and entrances of kindergartens should also be divided into primary and secondary, for example, logistics services should take a dedicated channel.

Third, architectural modeling.

The facade shape of kindergarten is directly related to the impression and evaluation of parents and children on kindergarten.

The overall layout of kindergartens must be rich and varied, pursuing the interest of space, creating interesting and changeable spaces, making children like kindergartens and learning and growing through games.

The facade is forbidden to be straightforward, not as straightforward as the military camp. It requires arc, dynamic, high and low convex and concave areas, changeable reality, distinctive personality and strong visual impact.

If the building itself is rigid, consider placing some animal and plant sculptures such as FRP giraffes on the roof and hanging some arcs and circles on the outer wall to break the straightness and rigidity of the stairs.

Stair wells can be raised and spires become the commanding heights of castles.

With functional zoning, kindergartens can adopt the design of main and auxiliary buildings, or as many buildings as possible, such as administrative office buildings, baby teaching buildings, professional functional buildings, post-service buildings and so on.

Fourth, the rooftop playground.

With the increasing floor area ratio of kindergartens, outdoor activity venues can no longer meet the demand, so the roof playground has become a problem that must be considered in the design.

The roof playground is not only waterproof, but also a safety issue.

It is suggested to directly use a fence not less than 1.5m around the roof to ensure the safety of children.

Five, set up as many special function rooms as possible to improve the utilization rate.

The special function room can be located on the north side of the inner corridor for convenient use.

Six, the park does not arrange staff quarters.

Standardized kindergartens are safe, hygienic and well managed, except the doorman.

Seven, the gate planning

The gate is the first place for kindergarten to contact parents.

On the premise of ensuring safety, try to be open, transparent and atmospheric. Try not to use a fully enclosed door, it's too depressing.

The planning of the gate is usually designed as a whole system with the publicity column, kindergarten signboard and gate head.

For example, we should consider the hanging position of various plaques in kindergartens, set up a kindergarten publicity column next to the gate, and distribute notices, recipes, exhibitions, etc. of recent activities in kindergartens.

In order to ensure safety, kindergartens separate people from cars and prohibit parents from entering the park. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and arrange the parking position in front of the door in advance to ensure the order of picking up the car.

With the improvement of safety requirements, the gate should be equipped with guard room and corresponding equipment according to the requirements of public security and fire control.

Eight, hall planning

Hotel-style lobby is the basic feature of modern kindergartens and the expression of kindergarten service consciousness.

Providing one-stop service for parents means completing all procedures such as consultation, registration and payment in the reception hall, which is the performance of quality service.

Therefore, kindergartens must try to design a reception hall or a special reception room for parents, which is as atmospheric as possible.

This hall can be 100 ~ 300m2.

Its function can be embodied in two aspects:

First, it undertakes traditional functions such as consultation, registration, charging, parent reception, leaders of relevant departments and peer visits.

Accordingly, the doorman, office, finance and other functional departments of the kindergarten can be merged into the front desk, that is, the office.

This is convenient for parents, saves manpower and improves work efficiency (one-stop service is provided by a special person every day). The corresponding principal's office, health room and other functional offices are all around the hall, forming the administrative office area of the kindergarten.

The second is functional integration.

It can integrate the functions of multi-function hall, art room, library, social activity area and some external office services to improve the utilization rate of buildings.

The hall is an intensive public activity space with complete functions and high utilization rate, which deserves our attention.

Nine, the establishment of centralized office area

The office areas of traditional kindergartens are usually scattered, and many offices are used, and there is a lack of communication and understanding between them.

Modern kindergartens usually set up a centralized office area next to the lobby on the first floor to integrate all office resources such as administration, logistics and teaching. Or divided into two parts: teaching, administration and logistics.

The advantages of centralized office are:

◆ Save space.

Easy to manage and save energy.

◆ Easy service for parents, one-stop service.

◆ It is convenient for colleagues to support and understand each other.

Wide corridor

It is required to reach more than 3 meters, which is both safe and atmospheric.

XI。 Floor height

The height of kindergarten classrooms, from 3 meters to 4 meters, is increasing.

Kindergartens abroad generally use large spaces and sloping roofs, which are five or six meters high and very atmospheric.

Large space and superior lighting conditions make kindergartens more transparent and comfortable.

With the increase of storey height, you can build an attic indoors and put the bedroom on it to save space.

This is a very important factor in the high increase of stories.

But the floor height cannot exceed 4.5 meters.

Too high can easily lead to psychological discomfort in children; At the same time, it reduces the heating and cooling efficiency and wastes energy.

Twelve, pay attention to the treatment of the bedroom.

Napping in kindergarten is a big problem-it takes up a lot of space and labor.

Traditional kindergartens often adopt a "three-stage" layout: activity rooms and bedrooms with the same structure of 50-60 ㎡ on the left and right sides, and toilets with10 ~15m2 in the middle.

This layout wastes space, affects the layout, and the workload of teachers is heavy.

So now most kindergartens are pursuing another "combination of sleeping and teaching": the activity room and the sleeping room share a room of 60 ~ 80m2, and the sleeping room no longer occupies a room alone.

This will save about 30% space;

At the same time, the activity room has a large area and the regional layout is more convenient.

Activity room and bedroom * * * use a room, usually there are two ways to deal with:

One is to use a movable bed or closet bed.

In this way, the workload of teachers moving beds every day is heavy, and it is not convenient to create an educational environment.

The other is to make an attic.

Putting the attic directly in the classroom makes the classroom environment cleaner, reduces the workload of teachers and facilitates the arrangement of teaching environment when teachers are on duty at noon.

More and more kindergartens adopt this method.

The main points of making an attic:

1, coordination of attic height

The purpose of making an attic is to save space, so it should be used effectively under the attic, otherwise it will lose its meaning. To this end, the height below the attic must be more than 2m, otherwise it will be visually depressing and its use value will be greatly reduced.

Because you only sleep at noon, it is enough to ensure that children don't touch it. The height is about 1.3m: I-beam and wooden board are used in the middle, with a thickness of about 500px and a bottom of about 2.5 ~ 3m. Therefore, floors with a height of about 4m (4.5m is the best height) are usually suitable for attic.

2. The attic goes up and down the stairs.

Folding stairs are recommended-usually put away, close the cover plate, and you can't see the stairs.

3. Ventilation problems

In addition to natural ventilation, you can also use a wall fan. When the indoor temperature is not very high, there is no need to turn on the air conditioner in the whole room, which is safe and energy-saving.

4. The location of the attic

Because the attic takes up space after all, especially for rooms with a height of less than 4m, the attic can easily make the space seem cramped. To this end, we must consider cleverly "hiding" the attic so that people can see it at a glance. If we don't realize the existence of the attic, we will have a very broad vision.

You can choose to arrange the attic in the opposite direction above the porch-it is very open as soon as you enter the door, and it is difficult for people to feel that the attic is above their heads.

Therefore, correspondingly, there are no pillars in the middle of the attic as far as possible, but the attic is hung on the girder by making full use of the beam.

Or in the bathroom and cloakroom.

5. The size of the attic

In order to solve the problem of all children sleeping, the attic needs to be made into two rows of beds with walkways in the middle, and the width is * * * 3m. According to the length of 32 people per class (single row 16 people) * 0.5m=8m, it can usually be solved by making an ordinary shop on one wall of the classroom.

If there are many children, you can add some movable beds to sleep under, and you don't have to stick them all on.

Thirteen, cloakroom

A separate cloakroom is easy to affect lighting and waste space.

Lockers can be embedded directly in the corridor wall or under the sleeping attic.

Fourteen lighting

Use as few walls as possible and use more glass windows.

The window should be as big as possible and the windowsill should be as short as possible.

The dado should be as low as possible, mostly below 1250px.

The exterior wall can be directly made of floor-to-ceiling glass, which can expand the lighting and children's vision.

The door should be transparent.

But at least there is a big wall to show the theme; At the same time, it also enhances the child's sense of security.

Fifteen, the door

Require transparency.

There are windows of various shapes on the door to increase children's sense of security and inquiry.

Most of the colors are white and other light colors.

Minimize the number of doors. For example, the door of the bathroom can use the door frame directly.

Sixteen, color design

Pay attention to integrity and systematicness, introduce VI visual recognition system and plan scientifically.

Don't paint the walls casually, especially where there is no blank space, there are gaudy everywhere.

Pay attention to the use of colors inside and outside the building, on different floors and in different functional areas.

Pay attention to the combination with local climate and geographical conditions. For example, use less cool colors in the north.

Seventeen, pay attention to greening.

Improving the greening level requires professional design and maintenance.

For example, cooperate with residential property and contract out greening.

There are many kinds of trees for greening.

With the increasing shortage of kindergarten land, the plane greening rate is getting lower and lower. Be sure to pay attention to the three-dimensional greening of walls, stairs and indoors, and increase the green coverage rate.

Eighteen, outdoor activities should be ups and downs, full of wild interest.

You can design a hillside with caves under it.

The hillside can separate the children's activity area from the logistics service.

Nineteen. Dashachai

Other instruments can be put in the sand pool.

Sand pools can be attached to fences and hillsides for easy cleaning.

Sand pool is of great significance to children's development.

But outdoor, the importance of sand pools is very low.

Because of the restriction of sanitary level and maintenance cost, kindergartens use less water, which highlights the role of sand pools.

Twenty, each shift independent water and electricity meter.

Especially the kitchen, a big energy consumer, needs to install water and electricity meters independently and make summary calculations every day, week and month.

The weekly or monthly consumption data of each shift is clear, which is convenient for accounting and management, energy saving and environmental protection.

It is easy to mobilize the enthusiasm of all employees and children to save.

For example, kindergartens can set up bulletin boards to register the daily, weekly or monthly water and electricity consumption of each class; Calculate per capita consumption and continue to carry out energy conservation and environmental protection activities in the whole park.