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Building production log
65438+rainy on February 28th.
At three o'clock in the afternoon, after half an hour's drive (from Tianhe), we finally arrived at Xingruiju in the south area of Guangzhou Baiyun Golf Garden. The project has a building area of 55,209 square meters, with a basement, a building with a floor above ground 17, a building with a floor of 25 bc and a floor of D building 10. In the plan, the two main buildings of bc building are centered, and two auxiliary buildings are symmetrically arranged on both sides.
When I first arrived at the living area of the construction site, I looked around. The construction workers' houses, canteens, bathrooms, site offices, and building materials storage and processing areas were all arranged as orderly as paper. People and cars on the ground go their separate ways, and everything is going on in an orderly way. This shocked me a little. Although I have studied in the university for more than three years and have learned a lot about the layout of the construction site, it is the first time to observe such an orderly construction site at such a close distance. After all, my impression of the construction site is still that messy old construction site, with poor accommodation, poor food and urine everywhere.
What excites me more is the upcoming internship program. Wear a helmet, follow Wu Gong into the scene, cross the floors covered with various facilities and templates, and step on the scaffolding in mid-air to the working face on the top of the seventh floor. This is the world of steel, concrete and formwork. Some workers are binding the wall bars of the shear wall, while others are supporting the formwork of the wall while binding the wall bars. It can be seen from the site that the project is a shear wall structure, and there are no traditional columns on it, but cast-in-place concrete walls are used instead. Of course, some parts still have the shadow of columns, but they also appear in the form of special-shaped columns.
Wu Gong introduced me to the general situation of the construction site and the safety matters that should be paid attention to, and arranged it behind the builder who practiced on the construction site. We will leave the construction site for the next internship life arrangement.
Thursday, February 29th, 65438+
When I got off the early bus leaving the university town, I suddenly found that there was no rain in Mao Mao yesterday. On some gray mornings, I can feel the warm sunshine and breathe the fresh air at the foot of Baiyun Mountain from time to time, and everything is so comfortable.
Different from yesterday, I went to a meeting today and rushed into the construction site myself (because the construction site started at 7 am and my early bus didn't leave until 7 am, so I could only arrive at 8 am at the earliest). When I walked up the floor along yesterday's route and reached the top floor, I found that the bracket in front blocked my way, and it was dark inside, so I had to bypass another building. Only when I got to the top did I find it possible to get off the scaffold. Maybe I just haven't been to the construction site, so I'm inexperienced.
The construction site is complex, tense and orderly. Concrete pouring and steel binding (including the arrangement of embedded pipes) support formwork is divided into three areas for simultaneous flow operation. When I first arrived at the construction site, I was very interested in all kinds of work. I look around, step by step, but I can't see any way out. But the feeling of the construction site is still full.
1. Amazing speed. The floor where the shear wall was poured yesterday has entered the arrangement and binding of beam reinforcement today.
2. It may be more reasonable to use the whole wall as the shear wall formwork, instead of using subsection production and formwork lifting system.
3. The spacing of stirrups and the direction of hooks have strict requirements.
4. The anchorage length of steel bars is also very particular.
It was cloudy on Friday, February 30th, 65438.
In order to see the pay-off, I rushed to the construction site at 7: 00 in the morning, and the builder was paying off the two buildings (two cd buildings) on the east side. The main principle is to locate the large frame of the outer wall first, and then locate the wall of the corridor in the inner room according to the outer wall line. But there are many tricks.
Two buildings on the west side are arranging binding beam and slab reinforcement. Generally, according to the provisions of the drawings, the layout of the steel bars on the board is marked with chalk, and then the workers will arrange the steel bars in the corresponding positions. The bottom steel bar must be the long steel bar above the short steel bar below, and both ends must extend into the corresponding position of the wall or beam to ensure the anchoring force. During the construction process, I found that the length direction of a few bottom bars was changed. I wanted to adjust it at that time, but because of the construction sequence, I had to rework it in a large area, so I didn't adjust it.
Before arranging the slab reinforcement, tie the beam reinforcement with tools and place it in the beam formwork. The stirrup of the beam should be firmly bound, the spacing is also very strict, the ends are relatively dense (the shear force is relatively large), the middle is relatively combed, and the number is also clearly defined. In the process of construction, when the stirrup is deviated, it must be adjusted, and sometimes even the beam should be lifted and bound again. In order to ensure the mutual position of the stress reinforcement, waist reinforcement and erection reinforcement of the beam and ensure the thickness of the protective layer, it is usually necessary to weld some auxiliary reinforcement.
65438+February 3 1 Saturday cloudy
Concrete pouring was carried out on the formwork of floor slab and beam reinforcement which was bound yesterday. Wet the floor with water before pouring concrete. The purpose is to avoid the occurrence of pits, honeycombs, holes and other undesirable phenomena. Because the dry formwork absorbs the lake soil, the cement can't get enough water to fully hydrate. The concrete of slab and beam is pumped, and the recoil force is quite large. Apart from formwork support, I don't see any special measures taken by workers to avoid lateral displacement or excessive stress of the wall.
Due to the need of construction, comprehensive scaffolding is being built on the ninth and tenth floors. At the same time, ironworkers in Building A and Building B have a day off because of work priority.
65438+ 10 month 1 cloudy Saturday
Today, the eighth floor of Building A is bound with shear wall reinforcement, and the concrete beam slab of Building D of Building bc is poured for floor maintenance. The beam and slab concrete is poured with commercial concrete, transported by truck by concrete mixing station, and then sent to the working face by high-pressure pump.
In order to meet the needs of practice, we borrowed a digital camera and took some pictures of the actual situation of the construction site. This project adopts flow process construction scheme, and different types of work can be operated at different working faces at the same time. In order to take more photos, we ran around the construction site all day, took many photos and found many interesting things.
Partition masonry
This project adopts flowing water construction. When the floor was built to the eighth and ninth floors, various types of work such as bottom decoration and water and electricity installation were put into construction one after another.
We also specially observed the masonry of the inner wall, and found that the workers completely followed the construction principles of brick walls in the actual operation process: the principles of horizontal and vertical, full mortar, proper assembly and reliable connection. Used for laying partition walls, stair handrails, etc. Workers first locate and build the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the wall by hanging lines and ink lines according to the dimensions set by the construction workers. In this project, the interior partition wall is built with concrete hollow blocks and lime-sand bricks. Among them, concrete hollow block is the main filling material, and lime-sand brick is the auxiliary material. When the space cannot meet the needs of arranging concrete hollow blocks, especially when the building is close to the beam and slab, lime-sand bricks are used. At this time, only small pieces can ensure the fullness of mortar.
The embedded parts "moved", the shear wall was bitter and the workers were tired.
In the process of taking pictures, I suddenly heard a violent hammering sound from a nearby room, which was surprising. So a few of us went to see what happened. When asked, it turned out that the workers were knocking on the shear wall with a hammer to find the location of the reserved passage. So as to repair the embedded pipeline blocked when pouring concrete. As for the quality of embedded pipeline, I have always doubted whether its technology can perfectly achieve the expected goal. I once asked the builder this question, but he gave me the answer: if the pipeline is damaged after pouring concrete, which will affect the use, I can only knock on the concrete and repave it. It's just that different types of pipes have different treatment areas. If it is a water pipe, it is more troublesome than a wire tube! Skillful drilling is a common method in construction, but it has no effect this time. Construction workers originally wanted to use percussion drill to detect it, because they were afraid of hurting the wall, so it was useless. This time, the reason may be that the cement filled the pipeline, or the pipeline deviated too far! If it is the latter, I think we should directly cut off the pre-designed pipeline and add another pipeline before pouring. However, such consequences may affect the crack resistance of the wall.
Personally, I think that the wall damage probably has the following reasons:
1. The embedded parts are not firmly bonded. Usually, the embedded parts must be firmly tied to the steel mesh or template with binding wires, which may lead to deviation because they are not strong enough.
2. The quality problems of the embedded parts themselves may be due to the quality problems of the embedded parts themselves, and the strength of the embedded parts can not meet the needs of construction, so they are destroyed when pouring concrete.
3. No protective measures were taken when pouring concrete. When pouring concrete, workers exert too much force to make the concrete dense, which leads to the damage or deviation of embedded parts from the predetermined position.
"Fake reporter" caused a false alarm.
When we were taking pictures of the mixer, the workers at the scene hurriedly asked me what I was going to do and put the lid on the electric box in a panic. His nervous behavior makes me feel puzzled and I don't know how to reconcile it. A few minutes later, they greeted the manager in a hurry and looked extremely nervous. Fortunately, which manager recognized me and told him the reason. He also called us over and told us not to take pictures at the construction site. If you want to take pictures, you should also call a builder to guide you. It's hard to be mistaken for a reporter. Being said like this, I also woke up. At present, the relevant departments have imposed severe penalties on violations in construction, ranging from fines to fines. In severe cases, they have been ordered to stop work and impose fines. Workers' own income will also be greatly affected after the shutdown. Of course, irregular operations can't unilaterally blame one aspect. After all, everything is caused by most factors.
Every intern should pay attention to the details on the construction site. Perhaps a small unintentional move may cause a series of adverse consequences. Of course, being careful doesn't mean being timid, but being more careful is especially important.
65438+1It will be sunny on Sunday, February 2nd.
"pay-off" test water
As usual, I get up at six and take the first bus to the construction site. Follow the builder to pay off the shear wall and door opening. Later, he asked us to follow him to the fifth floor "Pingshui". I just heard the word "Pingshui" and I was at a loss. I didn't know it was a horizontal line until I arrived at the scene.
During the on-site construction, the builder asked me if I wanted to have a try. Why don't you try such a good opportunity? I agreed without hesitation. So I have another chance to practice. The operation of the checkpoint has been done in school, but there are few opportunities for actual operation. Proficiency can be imagined. In fact, many mistakes were made during the operation.
Mistake 1: When observing the baseline, the lower end of the ruler is not attached to the baseline, but the ruler is adjusted by thinking about integers. This is an obvious conceptual ambiguity. Fortunately, the builder brought it up to me in time.
Mistake 2: When the crosshair is blurred, the eyepiece is not used to adjust its clarity in time.
I think "flat water"
"Leveling water" is actually to guide the standard horizontal elevation to the wall to be constructed. That is, draw a wall horizontal line that is extremely meaningful for construction positioning. Under normal circumstances, the mining is one meter away from the floor, of course, this should come up from the bench mark on the first floor.
"Level" is actually a typical application of level in actual operation. The process of leveling is to select the station first. The selection of the measuring station should ensure that the line of sight between the standard leveling point and the measuring station and between the measuring station and the wall to be leveled is unobstructed, and as many walls as possible can be measured at one time. Then, support the reading of level, level, focus and reading scale. Then, according to the readings and leveling points, lead the leveling points to other walls and mark them with a red pencil (generally, two points are drawn on each wall and one on each wall). The last two points and one line are inked.
Tips for playing with ink lines
Usually, the thickness of ink lines can show a builder's proficiency in setting out lines, and the lines popped up by excellent builders are thin, clear and accurate. There is a small way to make ink lines thinner and clearer:
One, just pull the chalk line out of Mo Dou in the air, and then flick it gently. In this way, the excess ink on the ink rope can be ejected, thus preventing the ejected ink line from becoming too thick.
B, play ink line, to tighten the ink rope, so that the pop-up line can be thin and clear.
The solidified concrete slab expands.
Today, when I followed the construction workers to check the poured concrete floor slab, I found that the concrete of one slab expanded outward by 2cm, and the wall reinforcement of the shear wall on the side also deviated outward by 2cm, that is, the wall reinforcement was at the edge of the original external wall. The reason for this is the following:
First, the lateral support of the formwork is not stable enough, resulting in excessive lateral force and lateral displacement when pouring concrete, which eventually leads to the deviation of steel bars and walls from the predetermined positions.
Second, the touchpad was not accurately measured during construction.
The treatment method is as follows:
First, when supporting the upper wall formwork and pouring, even if the position of steel bar and shear wall is corrected.
Second, in the decoration stage, if there is a need to affect the appearance size, some steel bars can be chiseled off, but the steel bars cannot be damaged. This treatment method is widely used in practical engineering. The construction party said that the protection of steel bars was affected theoretically, but local treatment had little effect on the whole.
65438+1It will be sunny on Sunday, October 3rd.
Template installation
According to the plan, formwork installation will be carried out in Building A and Building B today. Internal support and plate formwork installation are carried out in Building B, and shear wall reinforcement binding and wall formwork installation are being carried out in Building A..
The installation of shear wall formwork is firstly based on drawing pay-off, and carpenters nail the plates for fixing the wall formwork according to pay-off (the wall thickness is 200, the formwork thickness is about 20mm, and the spacing between the left and right pieces is 240 mm); Then according to the shear wall drawings, template splicing. The pouring distance of the shear wall is controlled by the rebar tied to the shear wall rebar and 200mm perpendicular to the length of the shear wall, while the outward opening of the shear wall is controlled by the opposite bolt and the external formwork support, and the external brace is more to ensure the vertical wall.
65438+1Monday, October 4th will be fine.
Today, the second and third floors of buildings C and D have been dusted, tiled and installed with water and electricity.
Wall fan ash
Vermicelli ash has a long history and extremely mature technology. But I always feel that the effect of fan ash mainly depends on the skills of workers and their own feelings. When discussing this problem with other students, one of them said that if you use templates, it will be fast and beautiful once. Personally, I think this method can be realized by flexible methods, but it is quite difficult to operate in the cast-in-place concrete shear wall structure.
First, the beam and slab of the structure change greatly, and the mold making is difficult, and its cost will definitely increase. Thank you for your hard work! Maybe you think that the structural layer and cushion layer are formed at one time when pouring beam formwork. However, this is unrealistic. After all, different materials of structural layer and cushion will form mutual penetration when pouring. Although the materials are mixed, it is difficult to achieve a very reasonable effect.
Secondly, there is more or less adhesive force between concrete and formwork, so it is difficult to form a smooth surface on the formed wall.
Thirdly, if the formwork construction is carried out after the structural layer is completed, the construction will become more complicated and it will be difficult to pour concrete slurry at the corner. And it is difficult to form a smooth surface.
Fourthly, the process of template for fan ash is also one more layer, which is not effective, expensive and unreasonable. And in China, a country with countless cheap labor, too much mechanization is not necessarily a good thing.
Traditional steps of fan ash
Sprinkle a certain amount of water on the wall to be dusted first to make the wall wet, but the amount must be controlled. Too much will make the mud fanned on the wall wetter, more mobile and fall off. Too little will also affect the bonding force between the slurry and the wall, because a certain amount of water is needed in the hydration and solidification process of concrete to achieve good final strength and form a solid bonding surface.
Second, fix the point. In fact, it is to use concrete mortar to make several bumps on the wall, and its outer plane is the final position of the wall.
Third, put concrete mortar on the wall fan to make it as close as possible to the fixed point. If the mortar is too wet, sprinkle some dry cement powder on it. Smooth the wall with flat wooden strips from time to time.
Four, when the concrete mortar is full of walls, generally sprinkle a layer of cement powder first, and then use square battens to smooth the walls.
The process of reaching this ash is completed, and of course, the later maintenance is also essential.
firebrick
The process of laying floor tiles is usually as follows:
Firstly, determine the height of the floor tile and locate it with fiber.
Second, apply a certain amount of concrete slurry on the lower surface of the brick (the standard is the height positioning of the brick after paving, and the concrete under the brick can be dense without producing too many holes).
Third, according to the positioning of the fiber on the floor tile, the tile surface must be flat.
65438+1cloudy on Monday, October 5.
It's too cold today. Shear wall is being poured on the floor. Our task is to level the water on the fifth floor.
Except that it is too dark, it is difficult to illuminate all places during construction, and some places need large lighting lamps. Other processes are the same as the second step ... Of course, our practical operation ability has also made greater progress than last time.
65438+1It's cloudy on Tuesday, October 6th.
plumb line
The weather forecast shows that the cold weather today is higher than yesterday, but we shiver from time to time under the cold wind blowing upstairs, and feel much colder than yesterday.
According to the construction personnel, in general, there is little deviation between the glue line and the axis of the small hanging hammer, but when it is brought up to four or five floors, there may be a deviation of 4~5mm, which may be even greater in windy conditions. This is because its accuracy will affect the quality of the project. Therefore, when a high-rise building is under construction, the axis must be rechecked every four or five floors to correct the deviation in time and avoid the potential safety hazard caused by excessive error.
Tools for hanging thread: cylindrical hanging hammer weighing more than ten kilograms, thin steel wire (generally not tied at hanging place), ruler, etc.
Step 1: Draw a small piece of wood (square wood is also acceptable) on the wall to be matched, so that it can bear the weight of the hanging hammer and maintain stability.
Second, tie the wire to the fixed block, and the wire must be on the plane where the measured axis is located. The wires must not touch any obstacles.
3. After the messenger wire is stable, measure the distance between the messenger wire and the lower positioning shaft with a ruler, and then draw the position of the upper positioning shaft according to the lower distance.
Fourth, compare and check the distance between the axis and the actual axis, and make necessary adjustments.
In a day's measurement, it is found that most axes have no obvious difference. The only reason is that the center line of the upper part of the shear wall deviates from the axis by 3 cm, because the upper formwork inclines inward during construction. At that time, only ink lines could be used as axes to adjust the subsequent construction of the upper part.
Self-lifting of tower crane
I have been interested in elevators since I was a child. After listening to the teacher's introduction to the self-lifting process of the crane in class, I have always wanted to find an opportunity to see its actual operation with my own eyes. It happens that the attached crane used in my internship project today needs to be upgraded. People on the construction site call it a tower crane. )
Observing on the construction surface, we can see that there are five workers on the tower crane besides a driver in the cab, one of whom is responsible for the connection between the standard section and the upper ferry guide rail, and the other four workers are responsible for the connection and fixation between the lower part of the standard section and the tower body. First, the workers opened the handrails of the scaffolding and got ready. The tower crane lifts the standard section to the frame position. At this time, the workers above connect the standard section lifting rope to the trolley hook of the ferry guide rail above the jacket. Loosen the bolts of tower transition joint and standard joint. Then start the jack, jack up the jacket and its superstructure by more than one standard section, and push the standard section into the jacket and put it in the corresponding position. The following four workers are responsible for fixing an angle bolt, and the workers above are responsible for all the processes on its upper part and quickly connect and fix the standard section. Then, shrink the jack and prepare to install the next standard section.
When all standard sections in the plan are installed, the superstructure is fixed and self-lifting is completed at one time.
65438+1cloudy on October 7
Today's project includes placing beam reinforcement, binding plate reinforcement, formwork support and installing external scaffolding. Install the embedded pipeline.
Putting beam reinforcement is a difficult construction technology of reinforcement engineering. Although you can say that they are actually very simple things, you can do them with your strength. But it doesn't have to be brute force. After the beam reinforcement is bound on the formwork, the weight will become very large, which needs you to put it in the corresponding position and must be uniform. Several or even dozens of people can put the beam reinforcement in the corresponding position at the same time. And ensure that the mutual position of stirrup and beam main reinforcement does not exceed the specification requirements. After the beam reinforcement was released in the morning, there happened to be a corner beam reinforcement moving too much, and the stirrup on it turned, so we had to carry it up and tie it again. When placing beam reinforcement, we should also pay attention to the protection of embedded parts, and sometimes it is even difficult to place them. You must make reasonable adjustments.
1.8 Yin
Today's construction includes pouring concrete, formwork support and installing embedded pipes.
I don't think it is difficult to arrange the embedded pipeline. But I often doubt its quality. I suspect that it may have been damaged in the actual construction process. I always feel that it can't bear the damage caused by construction, and I am more worried about how painful the consequences will be if there are problems in the actual use process. Maybe my sewer is often blocked, which brings me too much shadow. In fact, buried pipelines are often damaged in practical projects. The sewer pipe that appeared a few days ago was blocked by concrete and stuffed from the second floor to the third floor. I think there are three links in the quality assurance of embedded pipelines that should be highly valued.
1, the pipeline quality must be guaranteed.
2, pipeline layout, connection, binding to solid and reasonable.
3, when pouring concrete to protect the embedded pipeline.
65438+1cloudy on October 9
Today's work includes binding shear wall reinforcement, formwork support and installation of embedded pipes.
There is a difference between binding shear wall steel bars and binding plate steel bars. One is that a lot of steel bars (vertical wall steel bars with a diameter greater than 10mm) need to be welded (mostly butt welded). )。 Both sides and corners of the shear wall need to be reinforced with stirrups.
65438+1October 10 cloudy
In order to strengthen our impression of this building, we took more photos with that camera. Many details have also been found in this process.
For example, the discovery of template cracks and its treatment methods. According to the builder, small cracks in the floor can usually be solved by using some paper mats.
For example, in the process of pouring concrete floors, bamboo poles can be used to separate floors with different thicknesses.
For example, the role of small components such as concrete protective layer pad and steel bar in fixing plate steel bar.
65438+ 10 month 1 1 sunny
The last thing I expected today was to see a project rectification notice. The content of the notice has two aspects, one is the quality of the project entity, and the other is the safe and civilized construction.
There are some details about the quality of engineering entities! In fact, the guarantee of engineering quality lies in the details! Its main contents are:
1. Formwork: the stigma is not vertically deformed, the interface of shear wall formwork is not tight, and there is slurry leakage.
2. Installation of steel bars: no protective cushion blocks are hung on the upper parts of columns and shear walls; The distance between the floor reinforcement and the beam edge is different,
3. Brick wall masonry: the top arch of the wall should not be built too early, but should be built seven days after the completion of the lower wall; The joint of the first brick wall is not full of slurry; Uneven deformation of columns and shear wall members on the first floor and the second floor.
4. Decoration works: some walls are cracked.
5. Water and electricity installation: there is a serious discrepancy between the reserved opening of the conduit and the position of the wall; The elevation of connecting line between brick wall and shear plane in the same room is inconsistent.
There are also many contents about civilized construction:
65438+
2. Electricity for construction: the switch box has no door (I took this question when I took the first photo, no wonder they were so nervous at that time. )。 The chainsaw has no saw tail and protective cover, the welding machine has no protective cover and wires are randomly connected, and the electric box has no number and no circuit diagram.
This notice let me know where to start and where to focus in the future internship.
65438+ 10 month 12 sunny
Today is the last day of my planned internship. I came to the construction site as usual, but I didn't intend to see anything about engineering. I just said goodbye to my engineers and familiar workers and gave them the photos I took for them. And cover the chapters that need to be covered (good begins with good ending! )!
In these short 20 days, I have paid and gained. But the deepest experience is that practice makes true knowledge! I believe this internship will bring me a lot of help in my future work and life. This internship will be a wonderful memory for me in the future!
Thanks to the teachers, classmates and friends on the construction site who care about me and help me during the internship!
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