How to waterproof and stop leakage

In a narrow sense, waterproofing and leakage patching is the construction of indoor and outdoor waterproofing treatment of buildings and the leakage patching of indoor and outdoor leakage parts. Broadly speaking, this is the waterproof treatment of space objects and the treatment of liquid and liquid leakage.

leaking stoppage

Use a chisel or percussion drill to make a hole with a depth of 4 ~ 5 cm and a diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm. After washing, mix the r- 1 material with water (ash: water = 1:0.3) and knead it into dough (the size of the dough is similar to the hole). When the palm feels hot, quickly stuff the dough into the hole. Wet curing should be carried out after 15 minutes. waterproof plugging

Wipe your face.

After the base surface is cleaned and fully wetted, add water (ash: water = 1:0.4) to the r- 1 material and stir it evenly (no raw materials or particles are allowed) to form a putty shape. Brush the first layer of material (thickness 1mm) quickly with a trowel or scraper, spray water for curing after the coating hardens, and then brush the second layer of material (thickness). If there is still local water seepage or wet stains, just add another layer at the water seepage or wet stains until it is waterproof and wet. And pay attention to overlap, don't use too much ingredients at a time (every time you stir, you should use it up before solidification) to avoid waste. After the coating is hardened, it should be wet cured for 3 days.

Matters needing attention

The mixture should be prepared as required, and the mixture must be used up before solidification; Try to avoid construction in the hot sun. If the coating is cured under the scorching sun, shading measures and wet curing should be added in time, and antifreeze should be added for construction below 0℃. Materials should be stored indoors in a dry place. After stitching and bagging, the remaining materials should be tied tightly and moisture-proof.

Characteristics of water

Water is pervasive. It gradually penetrates into the building by wind pressure, convection, impact, adhesion, capillary and other forces, and it is not easy to be found from the surface during the infiltration process. In other words, to find the cause of water leakage, we must go deep into the "five internal organs" to analyze and judge, so as to suit the remedy to the case. [ 1]

Air pressure change

Once water permeates into the building, in a limited space, when the sun shines, it generates heat energy, which will form steam. These vapors will generate great pressure, which is enough to destroy the original waterproof layer, even the surface decoration and decorative materials (such as paint peeling off, wallpaper blackening, tile swelling, wood floor swelling). In other words, if a unit of water turns into steam, it will produce 65438 in the limited space inside the building. Therefore, we often find that waterproof glue is built on foamed cement containing water, and soon the whole project will swell up and peel off. )

Grassroots requirements

There must be no expansion, sand, honeycomb, wood, scraps of paper, sludge and pebbles on the interface next to the waterproof material, nor can it be made on a loose and unstable surface, because of poor adhesion, coupled with the destruction of solar ultraviolet rays, the building itself expands with heat and contracts with cold, and the destruction of water vapor pressure is easy to cause the waterproof layer to age and fail.

Positive is better than negative.

If the roof is waterproof, it should be done directly on the roof, and the wall waterproof should be done directly on the outer wall and the inner layer of the water tank. If there is pressure, the water will spread to other places, and the dead corner in the house is not easy to construct. The "superiority" mentioned here is relative, not absolute. Because with the development of science and technology, waterproof materials for back construction and expanded crystals produced by high and low pressure injection of synthetic resin have been introduced in the market, which can also be waterproof, but not all occasions can be successfully constructed, so unless necessary, front waterproof construction should be adopted.

Containment is easy to fail

Waterproofing should be treated from the root, and containment method should be used. Water is pervasive and can also cause stress damage. If the root cause is not cured, how can it last? For example, the location of the top floor leakage happens to be in the illegally built room, and most people want to cut off water from the periphery, which is easy to fail.

Definition of leak-proof device

No matter the water pressure, no matter whether it rains in the next few days, no matter the roof, in short, the paint in the room does not change color or blister.

concept

You don't have to spend money to achieve waterproof effect. In addition to "deterioration", concrete itself has waterproof function. For example, in houses built in the past, there were no tiles and stones on the exterior walls, but there was no water leakage. But the house in the villa area still leaks after being coated with expensive imported waterproof film!

Materials are not everything.

Any waterproof material has its uniqueness and applicability. The concept of "one dose can cure all diseases" is wrong. Therefore, how to choose materials is an important topic. A good doctor is leading "medication", not being led by "medication".

choice criterion

1. Continuity with the Foundation.

2. Water permeability.

3. Compressive strength and tear strength.

4. Weather resistance and aging resistance.

5. Adhesion of surface decoration materials

The general practice of waterproof and leak-trapping In the process of room decoration, the spaces that need waterproof mainly include bathrooms, kitchens and balconies.

The main purpose of waterproofing is that when your home uses tap water, it will affect the neighbors downstairs through leakage. Therefore, it is useless to waterproof your roof when it leaks or seeps. It is only effective to waterproof the upstairs neighbor's floor. Although users living on the first floor don't need waterproofing, waterproofing can also play a role in preventing moisture. The general practice of waterproofing is to level the original ground with cement mortar, and after drying (that is, it is not wet), evenly brush the double-combination polyurethane waterproof coating for 3 times or treat it with modified asphalt or glass fiber cloth with two oils and one cloth. The bathroom wall shall be 1.2- 1.5m high, the kitchen shall be no less than 0.5m high, and the balcony shall be subject to the height of the window sill of the external wall. Store water for 24 hours after drying, and carry out ground construction after confirming that there is no leakage. If the floor or wall of the original room is damaged, waterproof treatment and water seal experiment must be carried out.

1. Modified epoxy resin grouting material is a high-quality grouting material, which uses the characteristics of high strength and strong adhesion of epoxy resin to modify it to have good durable adhesion on wet contact surface, dispersibility in water and good groutability, so as to improve concrete compactness, repair joints and reinforce waterproofing.

Modified epoxy resin grouting material should meet the following conditions before selection.

A, grouting, no shrinkage after solidification, no dissolved substances, grouting k= 10-6~ 10-8cm/s, grouting into 0.0 1mm cracks in the stratum;

B, strong adhesion, can bond joints, wet joints, underwater joints, and can bond cracks contaminated by oil and organic dust. ;

C, good comprehensive mechanical and physical properties, high strength, cohesive force, tensile strength, shear stress and other indicators, and can adapt to the construction under dynamic load (such as high-pressure head water plugging reinforcement, subway and highway ballast bed reinforcement, building foundation reinforcement, bridge reinforcement, concrete structure and water plugging joint reinforcement, etc.). );

D, the material does not contain dissolved substances, does not shrink, does not pollute the environment, is non-toxic, corrosion-resistant and corrosion-free, and has good durability (cohesive force).

F, after the sealing material is consolidated, use grouting pump to inject chemical slurry from the left to right (or right to left) or bottom to top of the crack, and the grouting pressure should be increased slowly. When the grouting pressure rises to 1~8mpa, if the pointer of grouting pump pressure gauge basically does not slide down within 2 ~ 3 minutes, it can stop grouting and move to the next nozzle to continue grouting. In the process of seam filling, if the grouting nozzle is used for grouting, the grouting nozzle should be closed (tie the high-pressure hose mouth with iron wire); if there is slurry leakage at the seam filling position, the grouting should be stopped and the position should be blocked with plugging material;

E, surface cleaning and equipment maintenance After the cement slurry is solidified, the surface should be cleaned in time. The continuous use of the filling machine shall not exceed 10h at most. If you stop working for more than 30 minutes, you should clean the machine in time, which can be cleaned by special cleaning agent or acetone. Always check the filling machine before use, and repair it immediately if it is abnormal to prevent accidents.

[14] crack repair inspection. For the repaired cracks, core inspection is carried out with a drilling machine. The test results should be that the concrete surface is smooth and dense, the grouting is completely filled with cracks, and the strength and compressive test of core concrete are carried out to reach the original design value.

4. The process of repairing cracks and smearing unevenness during construction is as follows:

1) Thoroughly clean and wet the surface to be repaired, and remove any loose materials and excess water.

2) Apply the adhesive layer mixture as the primer on the repair area with paste.

3) Mix and coat the mixture of repair layer until the required consistency is obtained. If the mixture is too dry, add wet premix; If the mixture is too thin, add the dry materials in the specified proportion and mix them thoroughly and evenly.

4) Apply and repair cracks and uneven surfaces of the mixture with a rubber scraper and ruler. The repair mixture must be able to flow into cracks or weathered areas to find and fill all pores.

5) Apply the mixture of adhesive layer with clean paste, and finally apply the repair area to make the surface smooth.

6) Carefully protect the repaired area and avoid walking and running water until it is dry.

⒌ Use restriction and coating maintenance of permanent RMO concentrated solution

1) Measures should be taken in rainy and snowy weather or when the temperature is lower than 10℃. When there is precipitation, RMO concentrated solution cannot be used.

2) RMO coating needs enough curing time. After 12-24h, normal traffic will not cause harm. For indoor use or not directly facing the sun, the allowable time is 72h. Environmental conditions are related to the need for curing time between coating and final coating. Apply the paint outdoors, fully exposed to the sun, and quickly dry in warm and dry weather. After 20-30 minutes, after the surface is dry, the additional layer and coating can be scraped. If you are indoors, you may need to maintain it day and night in a cold and humid climate. Follow-up work needs to be done.