Attention should be paid to hydropower transformation

Basic exercises of hydropower engineering

36 details that should be paid attention to in hydropower transformation

Decoration experience

Hydropower project is a very important content in the construction of concealed works for home decoration. The foundation of hydropower project is not well done, and there is a problem, and the repair cost is very high. The problem of water and electricity is a big problem that needs time, energy and financial resources.

Hydropower should be planned in advance.

When positioning water and electricity, it is best to call the installation master involved in gas, hot water gas, dishwasher, whole house customization merchant, design, compilation and owner to determine the solution on the spot.

If you make a mistake, do it in time, but you can't make do with it. It is better to be in trouble now than to regret it later.

Ask whether the water and electricity materials can be returned after use, and ask the supervisor to help with the inspection.

Leave an extra water outlet in the bathroom. In addition to the washbasin, toilet, washing machine and other outlets, it is best to bring one out, otherwise it will be very inconvenient to catch water and mop the floor in the future.

Basic exercises of plumbers

1. Before hydropower construction, the horizontal line must be played (bricklayer, carpenter and plumber determine the height of finished surface, and pop up the standard line of 1m).

Tip: If conditions permit, it is best for home appliance installers to be present together to determine the location of water and electricity.

2. The model and quantity of hydropower materials are consistent with the contract.

Tip: It is necessary to check the quantity of materials one by one, scan the code to verify the truth, and steal accessories is a routine operation of many potholes decoration companies.

3. Pipe slotting, water pipes and line pipes should be positioned by elastic lines, horizontal and vertical, and the wall pipes should be installed vertically.

Tip: It is best to stare at the master to determine the number and number of switch sockets. After all, you just need to know if it works! As for "peer-to-peer" or "horizontal and vertical", we have been arguing for so many years without reaching a conclusion, so I came by the convenience of a master. After all, it is not a lot of money.

4. Try not to open horizontal grooves on all walls!

Tip: Especially for reinforced concrete walls, the gravity drop will produce cracks, which will affect the load-bearing structure of the walls. According to national standards, the transverse groove of load-bearing wall should not be greater than 30cm, and the transverse groove of non-load-bearing wall should not be greater than 50cm. In addition, it can prevent the bathroom cabinets, cabinets, and some electrical appliances from easily breaking the pipeline when they need to be punched in the later stage, and better judge the direction of the pipeline.

5. After slotting, clean the ground before laying the pipeline, otherwise it is easy to cut the pipeline by leaving some gravel and hard stones!

6. When the precast floor is slotted, the depth shall not exceed the surface sand polymer protective layer.

Blow up the building and it will be zg.

7. The slotting depth of various pipelines is deeper than the pipe diameter 1cm, that is, the buried depth of pipelines is lower than the wall surface 1cm, and the pipe surface is within the wall surface 10mm, so that the cement sand aggregate sealed pipe can ensure the flatness of the wall surface.

This depth is also more able to withstand the wall cracks caused by street expansion and contraction.

8. Opening holes and slotting cannot destroy the main reinforcement of the building structure. When you encounter reinforcement, you can't destroy it. The wiring pipe can be a yellow wax pipe. If you encounter concrete, you can't use yellow wax pipes for wiring. Wrap it with electrical tape first, and then tie it with copper wire.

9. The total cross-sectional area of wires (including insulation) shall not exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of pipelines. For example, there should be no more than 5 2.5 square wires in the fourth branch, no more than 3 wires in the fourth branch and no more than 3 wires in the second branch. Tip: There is not only the risk of overheating of the wire, but also Z if the wire cannot be pulled out during later maintenance.

10. Before laying the pipeline, set up a complete set of conduits before laying, so as to ensure that the pipeline is not easy to get stuck after being unblocked. There should be a gap between the pipes laying the pipes to prevent the ground from hollowing and cracking after leveling, and it is also convenient for cement sand to gather and fill.

1 1.PVC conduit must be 20mm tube, and the conduit shall be color-separated, with red tube for strong current and blue tube for weak current (single wire and single tube for weak current). It is best to distinguish colors for junction box.

Tip: Red is strong and blue is weak at a glance, which is convenient for construction, maintenance and inspection, not to mention not telling you!

12. The intersection of strong and weak current is treated with tinfoil to prevent interference. Tin foil should be hung on the weak current conduit, and both sides of the joint should be wrapped more than 200 mm.

13. Strong and weak current cannot be in the same slot, and strong and weak current are not allowed to walk in the same bottom box. The distance between strong and weak wires and pipes shall not be less than 300 mm.

14. There must be no joints and kinks in the wires in the conduit, and inspection holes must be left where joints are needed, otherwise the joints will not be repaired after aging, which may easily cause fire.

15. The conduit, cassette and electric box must be connected with screws (locks).

Tip: You can't connect the junction box directly with the conduit, because the conduit is too sharp, and it is easy to scratch the wire.

16. The three lines of live wire, zero wire and ground wire should be distinguished by colors (generally, red is the live wire, blue is the zero wire, and the two colors are the ground wire or the control line).

17. Handover of ground water and electricity pipelines: water pipes are at the bottom and electric conduits are at the top.

Nowadays, many water pipes are laid by roofs. The advantage is that if there is water leakage, it is easy to find it and repair it immediately. It's safer to go pigging in the waterway!

18. The conduit is fixed with a special line card (pipe code): when wiring the conduit, the distance between the conduit should be 20mm and 800mm-

1000mm fixed once.

Tip: The line can be filled in the later cement backfill.

19. The bending radius at the corner of the conduit is 6- 10 times the diameter of the conduit. If the conduit is 1.6 cm, the bending radius of the conduit is most suitable at 10- 16 cm, and it cannot be a right angle, otherwise the wire will not be pulled out after maintenance!

Tip: It is best to turn around, but the wire is not.

20. The tail in the bottom box should be twisted into a circle to prevent it from retracting into the tube later.

Tip: After the panel/lamp is placed for a long time, it is easy to install.

2 1. When placing the electric box, socket and switch box on the wall, use a level to fix it horizontally, firmly and without looseness.

Tip: especially the socket on the bedside or TV background wall is ugly if the left and right are not on a horizontal line.

22. The gas outlet of the gas pipe should be more than 30 cm away from the power supply.

Tip: Otherwise it is very dangerous! !

23. Junction boxes (commander's food) should be used for the joints, and glue or tape should be used for the joints.

Use the junction box to save some lines!

24. All ceiling ducts and lamp wires in the whole house should be bent vertically downwards and then put on corrugated pipes, and finally wrapped with electrical tape.

25. A special bridge elbow or chisel must be embedded at the intersection of water pipes.

Some people say that it is easy to shelter evil people and shelter evil practices with a bridge bend, so they fall down by themselves-

26. Hot and cold water pipes cannot be in the same tank, and hot water pipes expand with heat and contract with cold. The same groove will loosen after a long time, leading to cracking of the wall; The cold water pipe will also absorb the heat of the hot water pipe, causing heat loss and wasting gas/electricity.

Is the distance between hot water pipes a national industry standard?

Can be less than 20 cm, and the operation process is normal.

27. The bathroom has strong electricity to the ceiling or wall, and the circuits in the bathroom, balcony and kitchen are not in the ground.

28. The water pipe faucet is hot on the left and cold on the right, and it is hot on the upper side and cold on the lower side. The hot and cold water pipes are kept at a reasonable distance and have different grooves; The water outlet must form a 90-degree angle with the wall surface and be firmly fixed with a pipe clamp.

Tip: Be sure to be level! Otherwise it will be ugly to install a faucet in the back!

29. Oblique tee can be used at the joint of toilet, balcony drainage and main drainage pipe, which is more effective than straight tee (90-degree straight bend) drainage.

Come on, it's not easy to sail against the current.

30. Equipotential construction of toilet

This is a matter of opinion. The equipotential and leakage protector is a function, which can omit every new circuit. All the electrical appliances in the bathroom can be equipped with a separate dedicated circuit without equipotential.

3 1. If the hot water pipe is exposed to the air, add insulation cotton to prevent condensation, and the hot water will be stable in winter.

32. After the waterway reconstruction is completed, it is necessary to protect the sewer in time to avoid sewer blockage. Highly recommended! After the hard loading, go downstairs and get a sewer pipe and a trap DDDD!

33. The circuit needs to be electrified to ensure that every point can be electrified normally. After the panel is installed later, it is necessary to check whether the wiring is connected correctly.

Early detection and early rectification! Be sure to check every thread!

34. If the waterway is to be tested, it should be tested after the waterway is completed 12 hours, because 12 hours is the good late stage after the waterway is welded, and the pressure is too high, which will damage the welded joint. The pressure is 1.5 times the water supply pressure, i.e.

12MPa (equivalent to the actual 12 kg pressure) after 30 minutes of pressure stabilization, the pressure in the pipe will drop less than 0.05MPa. If qualified, please ask professionals, preferably property managers, to play a supervisory role, lest you don't understand.

35. After the acceptance of water and electricity, the supervisor needs to take photos of the pipelines laid on site and cover the bottom box on site. Otherwise, it will be a headache to clean the line in the later stage, and the power cord will be easily corroded by cement in the later stage!

36. After the hydropower transformation, the pipe groove should be blocked with cement mortar, not with quick dry powder, and the net should be hung to prevent cracking; The pipelines on the ground should be protected by slope protection.

If conditions permit, it can be sealed with higher strength cement (such as #42.5 cement).