Research on Green Building Development and Selection Technology?

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing will also increase the proportion of high-star green buildings, fully implement the two-star and above standards for new large-scale public buildings, and require the municipal administrative office buildings of Beijing sub-centers to reach the two-star and above level of green buildings, of which the proportion of three-star green buildings will reach 70%. Strive to increase the proportion of green building area in Beijing to 25% of the total urban civil building area by the end of 2020. By sorting out and analyzing the projects that have obtained green building signs in Beijing, the technologies and strategies suitable for the emerging stage of green building projects in Beijing are sorted out to further promote the development of green buildings.

General situation of green building development in Beijing

Since 2008, the national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard" (GB/T50378-2006) and the local standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard" (DB11/T825-2011) have been implemented in Beijing's green building marking project. The revised national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standard" (GB/T50378-20 14) will be implemented in June 15, and the Beijing local standard "Green Building Evaluation" will be implemented in April 16. By the end of 20 15 and 12, the total number of projects that have passed the green building evaluation and logo certification in Beijing has reached 14 1 (123 design logos and 18 operation logos), with a total construction area of/kloc-0. In 20 15, a total of 36 projects (33 design signs and 3 operation signs) in Beijing passed the green building evaluation and logo certification, with a total construction area of 40210.3 million m2, including 30 public projects and 6 residential projects. It can be seen from the statistical data of Beijing over the years that the number of green building evaluation and appraisal projects is increasing year by year, and the number of high-star projects is also increasing obviously year by year. With the introduction of the mandatory policy of green building, green building has become an inevitable choice for architectural design. Although the number of signs in 20 15 is relatively reduced, the number of new projects that actually meet the green building standards has greatly increased, and the number of green building signs will also increase greatly in the next few years. 14 1 green building evaluation identification item, the design identification item is 123, accounting for 94.9% of the total; Operation identification item 18, accounting for 5. 1% of the total. Among them, there are 87 public construction projects, accounting for 61.7% of the total; 53 residential projects, accounting for 37.6% of the total; Industrial building 1 building, with a total construction area of10.4 million square meters. According to comprehensive statistics, the proportion of green buildings in 2008 ~ 20 15 is as follows: one star 18, accounting for12.8%; 47 two-star projects, accounting for 33.3%; There are 76 three-star projects, accounting for 53.9%, and more than 50% of high-star projects above three stars. The high proportion of two-star and three-star green buildings in Beijing also reflects that these buildings can reach a higher level of "greening" in land saving, water saving and environmental protection. From the perspective of building types, there are few green industrial building projects in Beijing at present, which is closely related to its urban development strategy. With the gradual progress of green transformation of industrial buildings in Beijing, green industrial building projects will gradually increase in the next few years. In public projects, offices, shops, hotels, restaurants, schools, reconstruction projects and other types of buildings account for 64.4%, 13.8%, 2.3%, 1.65%, 438+0%, 5.7%, 5.7% and 7% respectively. From 2008 to 20 15, there were 9 residential construction projects with one star, accounting for17%; 26 two-star projects, accounting for 49%; Three-star 18, accounting for 34%. Among them, two-star residential buildings account for a large proportion. From 2008 to 20 15, 10 was one star in 87 public * * building projects with green building evaluation marks, accounting for11.5%; Two-star 19, accounting for 21.8%; There are 58 three-star buildings, accounting for 66.7%, and the proportion of three-star buildings in public buildings exceeds 60%. The number of three-star projects in public buildings is higher than that in residential buildings, which is mainly related to the following factors: First, high-star public buildings are mainly government investment projects and related projects of large enterprises, and mainly office buildings. The construction subject of this kind of building thoroughly implements the concept of green energy saving, and gradually takes green building as the main construction direction of the project; Second, residential buildings have some limitations in the choice of green technology and the control of incremental costs. Nevertheless, the affordable housing and some commercial housing invested by the government are still green and energy-saving, and actively explore the balance between them; Third, the popularity and acceptance of green buildings among the public is not enough. If the public knows that the energy efficiency of air conditioning, energy-saving lighting, water recycling, etc., which they pay attention to on weekdays, are the concerns of green buildings, and the high-comfort life and high-quality living environment that they pursue on weekdays are also pursued by green buildings, then the market demand for green houses will be greatly improved.

Application of Green Building Technology

In view of the characteristics of green building adapting to local conditions, 79 green building projects were selected from the 14 1 project which obtained the evaluation mark of green building in Beijing, and these projects have the universal characteristics of popularization. Through the statistical analysis of the green technologies selected in the project, the technologies suitable for Beijing's green buildings are sorted out. Statistics are based on the national standard evaluation standard of green building (GB/T50378-2006) and the local standard evaluation standard of green building in Beijing (DB11/T825-2011), and the target is Beijing citizens who have obtained the green building logo. According to the self-evaluation report of each project, count the number of projects that meet the standards of each project, and take the total number of projects as the total number of samples to analyze the compliance rate of each clause. Finally, according to the weight of compliance, the compliance regulations applicable to one-star, two-star and three-star green building projects are summarized. In addition, this survey also counts the green building technologies selected for each project in the standard provisions, and summarizes the suitable green building technologies for reference. Through the histogram analysis, it can be seen that this technology must be adopted for most of the indicators with the compliance rate of 70% ~ 100%; Followed by 50% ~ 70% index, it is recommended to choose technology. These indicators belong to the widely mastered and used green building design means; The target of reaching the standard rate of 20% ~ 50% is an optional technology for building high-star green buildings; The index of 0 ~ 20% is difficult, which belongs to the technology of less selection, and the index requirement is obviously higher than the design standard required by the current conventional or mandatory standards and specifications; In addition, some technical indicators are only applicable to public buildings, such as roof greening and waste heat recovery. While others are only applicable to residential buildings, such as public facilities and energy-saving lighting. These single technologies with low compliance rate focus on two important indicators: "energy saving and energy utilization" and "water saving and water resources utilization"; At the same time, the application of these technologies will bring obvious incremental costs. These two problems have a decisive influence on the overall realization of high energy utilization efficiency, high renewable energy utilization rate and high water saving level. In order to improve the energy saving and emission reduction capacity of green buildings, we must comprehensively and reasonably apply green building technology to solve these two key problems as a whole, so as to further promote the all-round development of green buildings in Beijing and improve the green level of urban buildings.

Analysis of Green Building Selection Technology

Combined with the development level of green building technology, this paper sorts out the appropriate technologies and strategies for building green buildings in Beijing at the emerging stage (Table 2): the technologies that must be adopted account for about 28%; Recommended technology accounts for about 45%; About 16% technology can be used to build high-star green buildings. It is more difficult, and the less used technology accounts for about 1 1%.

From the technical analysis table of green building selection, it can be seen that the less selected technologies mainly have the following two characteristics: first, the technical difficulty is greater and the incremental cost is higher, such as distributed cogeneration technology; Second, it is difficult to operate and maintain, and the behavior is strong, such as garbage sorting and collection. With the improvement of Beijing's building level, green technology and awareness level, green building technology should focus on two aspects: on the one hand, strengthen technical research and actively try new materials and technologies to make the technology more mature and the cost relatively lower; On the other hand, let people know and be familiar with the practical benefits brought by green buildings, including the economy brought by energy conservation and emission reduction and the health brought by green environmental protection, and encourage them to save energy and strengthen property management, with emphasis on renewable energy utilization, rainwater collection, reclaimed water reuse, garbage classification and reuse, etc. To encourage everyone to participate in it and let everyone experience the green building personally. At present, Beijing has begun to implement new evaluation standards for green buildings, namely, the national standard Green Building Evaluation Standard (GB/T50378-20 14) and the local standard Green Building Evaluation Standard (DB11/T825-201). The new standard refers to the weight coefficient of each evaluation index of green building. Judging from the distribution of the above-mentioned green building technology applications, the weight reference of the new standard is more in line with the current development trend and actual situation of green building technology. Adapting measures to local conditions is an important principle of green building. The basic conditions and construction conditions of each project are different, so the technical measures cannot be unified. The project should choose the appropriate technology according to its own conditions. This paper hopes to provide practical and effective reference for promoting green building technology measures in Beijing through technical summary and implementation analysis.

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