Residential architecture Gongyi Kangbaiwan Manor

Residential architecture Gongyi Kangbaiwan Manor

Kang Million Manor is located in Kangdian Village, Kangdian Town, gongyi city, and belongs to Zhengzhou City. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

"Kang Million" is the general name of Kang family in Kangdian area of Gongyi since Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was built by millions of Kang families, forming a large feudal landlord manor integrating residence, agriculture, commerce, handicrafts and defense. * * * is divided into 19 parts, with an area of about16m2. Kang Million Manor still has three parts: living area, production area and nursery area. The living quarters include Sigou Residential Quarter, Zhanggou Residential Quarter, Longwogou Residential Quarter, Main Residential Quarter, Jinguzhai, Ancestral Hall, Fulutang, Banfang District and South Yard. The production area includes shipyard, timber factory, brick factory, Nanwa kiln, workshop and feeding area. Nursery area includes gardens, vegetable gardens, orchards and forest farms. The above part has 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, 73 caves and 5,765,438+0 houses, covering an area of 6.43h㎡. Most of the buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty, and some of them belonged to the Republic of China. The main residential area is the center of the whole manor, and other areas are fan-shaped in north, east and south.

The main residential area is located halfway up the east foot of Mangshan Mountain, built according to the direction of Mangling, facing south. The main residential areas were built in the Qing Dynasty, and all the existing buildings belong to the Qing Dynasty. The area is 83 meters long from north to south and 73 meters wide from east to west. For the need of defense, there are walled buildings around the main residential areas, which are 12~ 15m high, forming a closed fortress-like building with outstanding characteristics. There are two groups of buildings in the main residential area * * *, with five courtyards lined up in the north with the intermediate people's court as the axis, all facing south; There are two courtyards in the south, both facing east and west. The overall layout of the five northern hospitals is similar, basically in the form of two houses, following feudal ethics, each with its own characteristics and different uses.

The South Yard is the only one in Kangwan Manor, facing south. Built in the Qing Dynasty, it is located about 50m southeast of the main residential area, with a length of 146.6m from north to south and a width of 90m from east to west. It is also the largest single building in the manor. There are five courtyards left, namely, the Library Courtyard (East Courtyard) and the West Courtyard. Among them, the library courtyard is the library of millions of children of Kang family, and it is the place where people talk about history and classics.

Banfang District was built in the 11th to 18th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1885— 1892), located about 50m east of Dongzhai wall, the main residential area. There are four courtyards facing south. Banfang District is Konka's commercial activity area, such as Shunyi, Chongyide and Kuiji. The ancestral hall was built in the Qing Dynasty, located about 300 meters north of the main residential area, with a length of 33.3 meters from north to south and a width of 13.55 meters from east to west. It is a three-level ancestral temple facing south. Longwogou, built in Qing Dynasty, is located under the cliff in the north of the main residential area. It is a group of caves built on the mountain and dug low with the height. At present, there are still caves of "Forever Repairing Zhengguo" and "Juyan Yongkang". Jinguzhai was built in Qing Dynasty, located on Mangshan Mountain, about 1km southwest of the main residential area. This is a military fortress built to resist the Nian army. It is more than 200 meters long from east to west and 150 meters wide from north to south, with only a few brick kilns left. The workshop area was built in the Qing Dynasty, located under the Dongzhai wall of the main residential area and along the root of the village. At present, there are 9 caves, with three tile roofs facing south and west. There are mainly "Qinglingju" courtyards, wooden kilns, flour mill courtyards, large households and stone workshops. For warehouse and handyman to live, eat and work.

At present, Kang Million Manor still retains the tombstone building in Lin Kang in the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1866), the stone archway in the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16) and the stone carvings in Kannonji in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, all of which have high cultural value.

Kang Million Manor is surrounded by mountains in the north, Luoshui in the southeast and spacious in the middle, which constitutes a perfect image of geomantic omen and is a typical example of applying China's traditional architectural site selection theory. Kang million manor has complete functions, reasonable zoning, patchwork and natural selection. The manor combines the architectural style of two geographical regions in central and western China, and combines practicality and artistry perfectly. This is a model of houses in the Central Plains.

Distribution map of cultural relics buildings (provided by literature and propaganda)

Main house (provided by Du)

Main Gate Building (provided by Du)

Characteristic House (provided by Du)

Part of the main house (provided by Du)

South Campus (provided by Wenxuan)

Grapes and Confucius in Qing Dynasty (provided by Du Fu)