Pay attention to seven points when starting a new company.

Pay attention to seven points when starting a new company.

In ordinary study and life, knowledge points are the least familiar things! Knowledge points are the contents that are often tested, or the places where exams often give questions. In order to help you study more efficiently, here are seven key knowledge points I have compiled for your attention when starting a new company. Everyone is welcome to learn from them, and I hope it will help you.

Pay attention to seven points when starting a new company.

Now, maybe you are sitting in your small bedroom, thinking about how to start your own business and be your own boss. Any experienced entrepreneur will tell you that this is not an easy task. When your company enters the actual preparatory stage, there are some things that must be done, otherwise you will definitely regret it in the future. For example: where should I go for approval before opening? How to register a new enterprise? How to allocate equity? How to position the new company? How to manage enterprises in the start-up period? How to design the salary in the initial stage? How to make enterprises benefit from taxation? You must consider all these things. If you don't do it carefully enough, you may have picked up sesame seeds and lost watermelon. Therefore, you should consider what you need to spend time on and what you can do to save you a lot of money.

1. Do you know where the business is approved?

Different industries have different examination and approval departments. The following are the examination and approval departments corresponding to 27 industries:

1, engaged in food (including feed additives) production and sales-district epidemic prevention station.

2. Production and management of tobacco monopoly products-Tobacco Monopoly Bureau

3. Drug production and management-Health Bureau

4. Boiler and pressure vessel manufacturing and elevator installation-Labor Bureau

5. Production and operation of hazardous chemicals (including petroleum)-Ministry of Chemistry

6. Gold and silver recovered from gold and silver purchase, gold and silver products processing, operation and waste-China People's Bank.

7. Travel Agency-Municipal Tourism Bureau

8. Special industries (hotels, printing, scrap metal acquisition, culture and entertainment, bathrooms)-Public Security Bureau

9. Publication, distribution and sale of books, newspapers and audio-visual products-Radio and Television Bureau

10, Highway and Waterway Transportation, Passenger Transport-Transportation Bureau

1 1, places of entertainment-Cultural Bureau

12, Cultural Relics Management-Cultural Relics Bureau

13, Automobile Management-Market Department of Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce

14. Accounting and auditing companies-Finance Bureau and Audit Bureau

15, Real Estate Management-Construction Committee

16, Advertising Management-Advertising Office of Administration for Industry and Commerce

17, Trademark Printing-Trademark Office of Administration for Industry and Commerce

18, State-owned Assets Appraisal-Finance Bureau

19, wholesale and retail of refined oil, gas station-Economic Commission

20. Coal Management Office and Coal Market Management Office.

2 1, Automobile Maintenance-Automobile Maintenance Industry Management Office

22. Economic information and real estate information consultation-Administration for Industry and Commerce

23. Property management company (agency contract with real estate company)-Real Estate Bureau

24. Computer network services-Public Security Bureau

25. Medical device sales-drug management

26. Employment Agency-Labor Bureau

27. Enterprise Registration Agent-Administration for Industry and Commerce

Second, how to register and start a new enterprise?

In China's current laws, the legal ways of individual entrepreneurship mainly include: establishing a limited liability company; Apply for registration to engage in individual industry and commerce; Establish a sole proprietorship enterprise; Establish a cooperative relationship.

Registration bottom line

1. Limited liability company: The minimum registered capital is 654.38 million yuan.

Basic requirements:

(1) Shareholders meet the quorum, that is, it is established by more than two shareholders but less than 50 shareholders * * *;

(2) Shareholders' capital contribution reaches the statutory minimum capital: a company mainly engaged in production and operation needs more than 500,000 yuan; Companies that focus on commodity wholesale need more than 500,000 yuan; Companies that focus on retail goods need more than 300,000 yuan; Science and technology development, consulting and service companies need more than RMB 654.38+10,000;

(3) Shareholders * * * jointly formulate the Articles of Association;

(4) Having a company name and establishing an organization meeting the requirements of a limited liability company;

(5) Having a fixed place for production and business operation and necessary conditions for production and business operation.

2. Individual industrial and commercial households: declaration of registered capital, with no minimum. Basic requirements:

(1) Unemployed people in cities and towns, villagers in rural areas and other people with business ability permitted by national policies may apply for engaging in individual industrial and commercial operations;

(2) The applicant must have the capital, business site, business ability and business technology corresponding to the business project.

3. Private enterprises: there is no minimum amount for the declaration of registered capital. Basic requirements:

(1) The investor is a natural person;

(2) Having a legal enterprise name;

(3) The amount of capital contribution declared by the investor;

(4) Having a fixed place for production and business operation and necessary conditions for production and business operation;

(5) Necessary employees.

4. Private partnership: declaration of registered capital, with no minimum. Basic requirements:

(1) There are two or more partners, all of whom shall bear unlimited liability according to law;

(2) Having a written partnership agreement;

(3) The amount of capital contribution actually paid by each partner;

(4) Having the name of the partnership enterprise;

(5) Having business premises and necessary conditions for engaging in partnership operation.

(6) Partners shall be persons with full capacity for civil conduct.

(7) A person who is prohibited by laws and administrative regulations from engaging in profit-making activities may not become a partner of a partnership.

Remarks: Partners may make capital contributions in cash, in kind, land use rights, intellectual property rights or other property rights; The above-mentioned capital contributions shall be the legal property and property rights of the partners.

Registration steps

Step 1: Go to the enterprise registration window of the municipal industrial and commercial bureau (or the prefectural and county industrial and commercial bureaus) for consultation and obtain relevant registration forms and materials.

Step 2: Pre-approve the name and obtain the Notice of Pre-approval of the Name.

Step 3: Open a temporary account in the bank with the approved name, and shareholders will transfer their share capital into the temporary account.

Step 3: Go to a qualified accounting firm to apply for a capital verification certificate.

Step 4: Submit the prepared registration materials to the registration window of the Industrial and Commercial Bureau for acceptance and preliminary examination.

Step 5: Get the business license from the Industrial and Commercial Bureau at the appointed time and pay the registration fee.

The sixth step is to publish an announcement in the prescribed newspaper.

Three. Equity allocation: reasonably determine stability.

Equity distribution has always been the top secret of enterprises. Generally speaking, in the initial stage of the venture, the equity distribution is relatively clear and the structure is relatively simple, and several partners get the corresponding equity according to the amount of capital contribution. However, with the development of enterprises, there are bound to be gains and losses, and there will inevitably be various conflicts of interest in distribution. Therefore, a reasonable ownership structure is the cornerstone of enterprise stability.

The secret of equity arrangement of family business: Family business mainly adopts two equity arrangements, namely decentralized equity arrangement and centralized equity arrangement.

1. Decentralized shareholding arrangement: let as many family members as possible hold shares in the company, and all family members enjoy equal rights whether they work in the company or not.

There are two management methods for family enterprises with decentralized shares: external professional management and management of some family members. Most family businesses in China take the second approach. They think that capable family members are more suitable to represent their own interests than outsiders.

2. Equity concentration method: only the equity is distributed to family members who work or serve in the enterprise. This method focuses on controlling ownership rather than management, and on ensuring the continuity of family power from generation to generation.

The advantage of this arrangement is that, first of all, the decision-making process can be accelerated, because ownership is linked with the interests of managers. Second, because family members can only become shareholders and managers through struggle, enterprises can maintain the entrepreneurial spirit of entrepreneurs in those years.

The secret of partnership equity arrangement: the partnership equity arrangement generally adopts the odd principle. That is, the odd partner structure, for example, an enterprise has three partners, two of whom are in a strong position and the other is in a weak position, but this is also a key balance position, and no one has the right to decide. The restrictive relationship between them is the foundation of stability.

At the same time, in order to attract outstanding talents, both family enterprises and partnership enterprises will give some shares to some senior talents. According to the usual law, 70%~80% is owned by entrepreneurs, and the remaining 20%~30% is owned by senior talents. They enjoy the right to vote and the corresponding dividend.

With the development of enterprises, more capital, more talents and more partners may be introduced, so the balance of the overall shareholding structure is very important. For emerging enterprises, equity distribution is a long-term task.

Fourth, the secret of site selection: a good site selection is half the battle.

Location determines wealth. Generally speaking, factories, warehouses and other enterprises generally choose development zones. The principle is to reduce intermediate links, reduce production costs and improve operational efficiency. In line with the principles of convenient transportation, fast business communication and perfect business service, companies generally choose office buildings in or near business districts.

Among all kinds of industries, catering and service industries have the greatest demand. The following are the secrets of shopping malls and shops.

1, the secret of the location of the mall

(1), pay attention to the road surface and terrain. Under normal circumstances, the shop floor should be on the same plane as the road, which is conducive to customers' access. If the shopping center is located on a slope or at different heights. Then the most important thing is to consider the design of the entrance, facade, stairs and signboard of the shopping mall, which must be convenient for customers and conspicuous.

(2), choose the direction and direction.

(1) orientation. Orientation refers to the orientation of the main entrance of the shopping mall, and it is the most ideal geographical orientation for general commercial buildings to face south.

2 trends. Generally speaking, people generally have the habit of going to the right, and shopping malls should also choose the right as the top when choosing imports. If the street is east-west, the passenger flow mainly comes from the east, and the northeast intersection is the best; If the street is north-south, the passenger flow mainly flows from south to north, with the southeast intersection as the best.

③ Cross situation. If it is a three-way intersection, it is best to set the shopping mall in front of the intersection, so that the store is the most conspicuous; But if it is a T-junction, the shopping mall is located in the "corner" of the intersection.

(3) Pay attention to the potential commercial value.

Pay attention to some small but potential areas. Mainly from the following aspects:

① The location and commercial value of the proposed shopping mall address in urban planning.

Whether it is close to large institutions, units, factories and mines.

(3) The speed and scale of future population growth and the improvement of purchasing power.

2, the secret of the store location

(1), and select the address according to the business content. Clothing stores and small supermarkets are required to be opened in places with large traffic; Health products stores and service centers for the elderly are suitable for opening in remote and quiet places.

(2) Choose a certain type of market location formed spontaneously. In the long-term operation, a market will spontaneously form a "centralized market" for selling certain commodities.

(3) Choose a storefront with advertising space. Some stores don't have an independent facade, so they naturally lose their independent advertising space in front of the store, which also makes you lose the space to "play" marketing wisdom in front of the store.

(4) Be aware of "big money". That is to say, open the store near or even beside a well-known chain store or a strong brand store. These famous brand stores have done a lot of detailed market research before choosing a site. Opening a shop next to them can not only save time and energy in inspecting the venue, but also "pick" some customers with their brand effect.

Five, enterprise start-up management: simplicity is the killer.

The management system of the newly established company is based on the principle of simplicity and applicability. Enterprises in the start-up period mainly pay attention to two aspects: people and money. In personnel management, formulate attendance system, reward and punishment regulations, salary scheme and other systems. In finance, formulate reimbursement system, cash flow, budget, accounting and cost control system. In the specific operation, there are the following suggestions:

1, define enterprise goals and achieve * * * knowledge. Entrepreneurs should be clear about the goals of their enterprises. With a goal, there is a direction and a vision, which can greatly reduce the friction in management and operation;

2. Make it clear that "who listens to whom" and "who has the final say in everything" and write them into official documents. The most fundamental problem in organizational structure design is the distribution of decision-making authority. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the responsibilities of each core member for the smooth progress of management, otherwise the entrepreneurial brotherhood will throw the management into chaos;

3. Due to the small scale of the start-up period, many problems can be directly communicated. Everyone should follow the open and realistic behavior style, put things on the table, and don't fight belly lawsuits;

4. Establish a management team within the company. Exchange opinions regularly and discuss issues related to the company's business strategy, such as product development, competitors, internal efficiency and financial status. Generally, a three-level management structure is adopted, including decision-making layer, management layer and ordinary employees;

5. Make and try to abide by the established management system. It must be emphasized that everyone must abide by it, without privilege or change. When the company develops to a certain extent and begins to have strength, it is necessary to realize the defects of its own ability and try its best to hire some management professionals, which will make great achievements.

Special reminder

1, pay attention to financial monitoring.

Research shows that the direct reasons for the closure of many start-ups within one year are poor financial management, too many bad debts in accounts receivable and frequent shortage of liquidity. The financial departments of start-ups are often accountants and cashiers, which are totally inadequate to meet so many challenges. Entrepreneurs should pay special attention to financial monitoring, instead of simply taking financial management as "bookkeeping", they should be handled by people with professional skills and have corresponding incentive mechanism and assessment system.

2. Avoid the interference of social relations with work relations.

In the start-up period, most employees in the enterprise have kinship, geographical relationship and academic relationship, and there are countless social relationships among them, which affects the normal working relationship in the enterprise to some extent. Enterprise management is often difficult to follow the norms, and the normative system lacks the necessary implementation environment.

Sixth, the salary design of start-up enterprises

For the founders of enterprises, how to design employee compensation system is one of the important problems faced by enterprises at the beginning of their establishment. The complexity of this problem lies in: first, employees have different levels, and what different incentive systems are adopted for employees of different levels? Secondly, there are many compensation systems to choose from, such as employee stock ownership, option system and long-term MBO (management buyout). Which system is best for your business? In addition, with the development of enterprises, should the salary system of enterprises be adjusted accordingly?

Generally speaking, the salary design of start-ups adopts the following principles.

1, the principle of high salary and low welfare.

2, concise and practical principles.

3. increase incentives.

4. Establish a performance pay system.

Enterprises can be divided into highly technology-intensive posts, departments, general operations and service types. There will be some differences between the two in the salary system: highly technology-intensive positions, enterprises have a strong dependence on the recruited employees, so in order to recruit skilled talents, the long-term development goals and relative stability of enterprises must be considered in the salary design. Therefore, the wage system should adopt a flexible combination mode; For example, direct shares, high salaries, and increased benefits.

For general management and service-oriented departments and posts, the post-level wage system should be adopted. The earlier the system is established, the better. According to the enterprise's post demand and actual ability, as well as the actual ability and level of employees, the position, personnel, grade and salary are set purposefully. Employees have clear personal orientation and development goals when they enter the enterprise, and the change of position is bound to be related to salary.

Enterprise's salary system and incentive system are two different systems, especially start-ups should be distinguished, otherwise it will lead to the confusion of basic salary system and incentive system, and the enthusiasm of employees will be hit. If enterprise managers want to give incentives to employees who have made outstanding contributions, they cannot adopt the simple method of direct salary increase in their original posts; Instead, we should adopt a one-time reward or a promotion and salary increase.

At the same time, we should pay attention to two aspects in salary design.

1, to avoid a big gap.

Excessive gap means that the salary difference between excellent employees and ordinary employees is greater than the difference in the work itself, or there may be great differences between employees who do the same job. Excessive differences in the former will help stabilize outstanding employees, while excessive differences in the latter will cause dissatisfaction among employees.

2, avoid the gap is too small.

The difference is too small, which means that the salary difference between excellent employees and ordinary employees is smaller than the difference of the work itself. Will cause dissatisfaction among excellent employees.

Seven, tax planning: let enterprises benefit from tax.

The so-called tax planning, also known as tax planning, refers to the early planning of business, investment and financial management activities within the scope permitted by national tax laws and policies, so as to reduce the tax burden as much as possible in order to obtain tax benefits.

Tax planning obtains legal rights and is protected by law, so it is a basic right of taxpayers.

The direction of tax planning mainly includes the following three aspects.

1, tax policy planning

There are usually two factors that affect the tax payable, namely, tax basis and tax rate. The smaller the tax base, the lower the tax rate and the smaller the tax payable. So tax planning is nothing more than starting from these two factors.

For example, enterprise income tax is based on taxable income, and there are three tax rates, that is, the taxable income is less than 30 thousand yuan and the tax rate is18%; The taxable income is 3-65438+ 10,000 yuan, and the tax rate is 27%; If the taxable income exceeds 654.38 million yuan, the tax rate is 33%. In tax planning, if only the tax rate is considered now, then there is room for tax planning.

2. Tax expense plan

Taxes and fees include tax personnel expenses, information expenses, travel expenses, mailing expenses, interest, etc. Although the tax expense accounts for a small share of the tax cost, we should make a good plan. For example, a reasonable division of labor should be carried out for enterprise accounting, and enterprise accounting should also serve as a tax collector; Reduce information cost through online declaration. The way to reduce interest expenses can be to postpone tax payment.

3. Plan additional tax burden

Extra tax burden refers to the tax burden that should be paid according to the tax law, but can be completely avoided. This paper mainly talks about three kinds of abnormal tax burden related to accounting.

(1). According to the provisions of the tax law, taxpayers engaged in VAT (or business tax) taxable items with different tax rates shall separately account for their sales. If it is not accounted for separately, the tax rate is higher.

(2) Taxpayers engaged in tax reduction and exemption projects shall separately account for tax reduction and exemption sales; If the sales volume is not accounted for separately, it shall not be reduced or exempted;

(3) If the taxpayer's accounts are chaotic or the cost data, income vouchers and expense vouchers are incomplete, and it is difficult to audit the accounts, the tax authorities have the right to verify the tax payable.

For the extra tax burden, taxpayers can solve it by strengthening financial accounting, performing various examination and approval procedures according to regulations, fulfilling the obligations of withholding and collecting and paying taxes, and making careful tax adjustments.

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