Who can introduce the scenery and history of Xi?

The origin of Xi Anyi

Xi 'an was called "Gao Feng" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Feng Hao" is the collective name of Feng Jing and Hao Jing built in Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang respectively. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made Guanzhong his capital, named after Chang 'an Township, which means "long-term stability".

After the opening of the Silk Road, Chang 'an became the center of oriental civilization. History says that "there is Rome in the west and Chang 'an in the east". In the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi and Emperor Wendi were named "Daxing Gong" by Zhou, so Xindu was named "Daxing City" and Chang 'an was also called "Daxing City" in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the name of Chang 'an was restored. It was renamed "Fengyuan City" in Yuan Dynasty.

In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), the Ming government changed Fengyuan Road to Xi 'an Mansion, meaning "settle the northwest". Xi' an's name comes from this.

Xi, Athens, Rome and Cairo are also called the four ancient capitals in the world. From BC 1 1 century to AD1century, there were 13 dynasties or regimes that established their capitals and regimes in Xi 'an, which lasted for more than 1 100 years.

From about 1 1 century BC to the end of 9th century AD, Ann was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China for a long time, and was always under the jurisdiction of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province and Chang 'an and Xianning counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an was subordinate to Jingzhao Prefecture (county), which was a county-level organizational system. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingzhao was changed to Anxi Road (later changed to Fengyuan Road). In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1369), Fengyuan Road was abandoned and xi Anfu was established, hence the name An. 1928 was first established as a city in Xi, and 1948 was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once a city under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, a city under the jurisdiction of the Northwest Administrative Region, a municipality directly under the Central Government and a city under separate state planning. Since 1954, Xi 'an has been the capital of Shaanxi Province, and now it is a sub-provincial city, with jurisdiction over nine districts and four counties. 198 1 year, UNESCO recognized Xi as a world famous historical city.

Second, the dynasty of Xi 'an with its capital.

In the history of China, 20 regimes once established their capitals in Xi 'an. But which of them should be called dynasty and whose capital should be regarded as Xi 'an is a controversial issue. This is the different understanding of the concepts of "Korea", "capital" and "capital", which leads to the different understanding of which dynasty's capital is in a certain place. At present, the official statement is 13 dynasty. There are four different opinions: 10, 1 1, 12, 14, 17. Among them, there are two versions of 14 dynasty and 17 dynasty.

10 Super Master

10 dynasty-in chronological order: western Zhou dynasty (363 BC), Qin dynasty (0/5 BC), western Han dynasty (2 10 BC), former Zhao dynasty (0/65438 BC) and former Qin dynasty (33 BC)

1 1 chaoshuo

1 1 dynasty-On the basis of 10 dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty (before 15).

12 Super Master

12 dynasty-On the basis of 1 1 dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty (Yu 4 years) was added.

13 Super Master

13 dynasty-On the basis of 12 dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty was added (6 years in Xian Di).

14 Super Master

14 dynasty-there are two situations: (1) adding Daxia dynasty on the basis of 13 dynasty; (2) Wu Zhou founded by Wu Zetian joined the 13 dynasty (15).

16 Super Master

16 dynasty-On the basis of 13 dynasty, the regime established by Liu Xuan was re-established, and the red eyebrow regime established by Fan Chong and Liu Pengzi and the Daqi regime established by Huang Chao were added.

17 Super Master

17 super-divided into two cases: (1) On the basis of 65438 super-1 case, add Dashun established by Wu Zhou, Daqi and Li Zicheng; (2) On the basis of the 13 dynasty, a new initial regime, the Chimei regime, was established, and He Daqi Dashun was established.

Third, the relationship between Xianyang and Chang 'an in history

Historically, Xi and Xianyang belong to the same city today. This can be seen from the relationship between Xianyang and Chang 'an in ancient times. Xi and Xianyang are the nearest cities in China, less than 20 kilometers. At the same time, Xianyang built the West Third Ring Road in Xi 'an, and the airport moved from Taoyuan in Xi 'an to Xianyang. In 2006, Xianyang area code was merged into Xi 'an, and 029 area code was used together with Xi 'an.

Qin dynasty

The capital is Xianyang. Most of Epang Palace is located in Xi 'an today, and the Terracotta Warriors and Mausoleums are located in Xi 'an today. The ancestral temple of Qin was on the south bank of Weihe River, and Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, which happened in Qinzhangtai Palace (later the front hall of Han Weiyang Palace). Lin Xiangru, Lian Po and the king of Qin sat on the stage. The layout of palaces in Qin dynasty has not yet formed the layout of Miyagi, Imperial City and Three Great Halls. Xianyang City, Qin Dynasty spans the Weihe River north and south.

Han (HA)

The capital is Chang 'an. Chang 'an in Han Dynasty was founded on the site of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, "Chang 'an in Han Dynasty is also the site of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty", Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu says that Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty "crossed the Zhou Dynasty to explore the Qin system", and Huang Tu's Preface to Three Fu also says: "Wu Zhao governs Xianyang and takes Han as its capital". "Old Tang Book Geography" said: "The capital is Xianyang, Qin and Chang 'an, Han. "After King Qin Huiwen, Xianyang continued to expand to the south, and built buildings such as Zhangtai, Xingle Palace, Ganquan Palace, Xin Palace, Epang Palace and Seven Temples in the south of Weihe River. After Liu Bang won the world, under the persuasion of Lou Jing and Sean, he built Chang 'an as his capital. Restoration of Xingle Palace in Qin Dynasty was changed to Changle Palace, and Weiyang Palace was built on the basis of Qin Zhangtai. That is to say, Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty was established on the basis of Xianyang, Qin Dou, indicating that the location of the capital was determined by Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty. The Ques Palace in the Han Dynasty is located in Xi 'an Hancheng Reserve, north of the North Second Ring Road, and the mausoleum of Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty is located in Xianyang.

College teachers

The capital is Chang 'an. Miyagi coincides with Xi 'an today, and the palace coincides with Xi 'an Ming City Wall today. Most tombs of Tang emperors, such as Zhaoling and Ganling, are located in Xianyang city today. The eighteen tombs in the Tang Dynasty were all in the county under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Prefecture, and Ganling was Fengtian County of Jingzhao Prefecture.

People's Republic of China (PRC)

Xi 'an and Xianyang belong to the same city and were divided into two cities in 1956: Xi 'an and Xianyang. Among them, Xi 'an is the sub-provincial level and Xianyang is the prefecture level.

Overview of Xi 'an culture

As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, Xi has a long history and rich cultural accumulation. It is the first batch of national historical and cultural cities promulgated by the people of China. Guanzhong people with Xi 'an as the center summarized their lifestyle and folk customs into the top ten eccentrics in Guanzhong, namely-

Noodles are like belts, and pot helmets are like pot lids.

Chili pepper is a dish, a big bowl of steamed bread,

Bowls and pots are hard to separate, so Dad wears them on his head.

The house is half built and the girl is not open to the public.

Squat up without sitting, singing and shouting.

Among the forest of steles in Xi 'an, there is a monument to the Qing Dynasty, which records eight scenic spots in Guanzhong with Xi 'an as the center. They are called the Eight Scenes in Guanzhong and the Eight Scenes in Chang 'an. These eight scenes are-

Kazuki Watanabe musician Zhang Xian, Evening photo of Lishan,

Feng Xue, Liu Ba, Liu Yin, Qujiang,

Yanta morning bell, Xianyang ancient crossing,

Caotang smoke, too white snow

Shaanxi Opera, which is popular in Shaanxi and Northwest China, is also called "Bangzi Opera". It is the oldest, richest and largest vocal cavity system among the four major vocal cavities in China. Shaanxi dialect is one of the northwest dialects represented by xi 'an dialect. Xi's food culture is also profound. As the representative of northwest China cuisine, Xi 'an snacks are the most famous, and Muslim food accounts for a large proportion. Chang 'an Painting School in China's traditional Chinese painting originated from Guanzhong Shadow Play before the Han Dynasty, Shaanxi Puppet Show in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and colorful peasant paintings in Huxian County, all of which are indispensable and important components of an 'an culture.

There are 105 tourist resources centered on Xi, including 77 natural and human landscapes, which initially form four tourist routes radiating east, west, south and north. The combination of point, line and plane forms 10 tourist area, 10 scenic spot, five main tourist series and special tourist series with different contents and unique landscapes. As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, Xi is attracting more and more tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm.

Top ten tourist areas

(1) Xi 'an Ancient Capital Tourist Area

Xi is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and it is also known as the six ancient capitals of China with Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Hangzhou. Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang and other dynasties 13 established their capitals here, which is the oldest of the six ancient capitals. Rich in cultural relics and historical sites, the charm of the imperial city still exists. Visitors can see that the ruins of the four ancient capitals of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, such as Fengjing, Haojing, Epang Palace, Han Chang 'an City, Weiyang Palace and Tang Daming Palace, are antique, elegant and quiet against the backdrop of high-rise buildings, and a secluded alley and a wide street coexist; Magnificent ancient pagodas towering into the sky; Under the shade of pines and cypresses, a solemn name brake; The forest of steles, which concentrated the essence of ancient steles in China, was built in the Song Dynasty. Bell and Drum Tower in Ming Dynasty; Many scenic spots, such as the ancient city wall in Ming Dynasty, constitute the tourist features of Xi 'an ancient capital tourist area and cultural relics.

(2) Mount Lishan Scenic Area

A national scenic spot, located in Lintong County, 30 kilometers east of Xi, consists of Mount Li, Huaqingchi, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty, pits 1, 2 and 3 of the Toilet Museum, the Qin Mausoleum Simulation Museum, Lintong Museum and the site of the Hongmen Banquet. The Terracotta Warriors in the tourist area were made in the Qin Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. It is famous at home and abroad for its large size, exquisite production, different expressions, vivid image, long history and majestic momentum. Known as the eighth wonder of the world, it has become one of the top ten scenic spots in China and is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The tourist area also carries out cultural relics and archaeological tours, hot spring recuperation tours and leisure and holiday tours.

(3) Chang 'an Ancient Temple Tourist Area

Located in Chang 'an County, Xi, it is famous for its many famous temples. Among the eight schools of Buddhism, Dharma, Pure Land, Legalism and Huayan are the founders and development places in Chang 'an. There are more than 40 Buddhist temples in this area, including Xingjiao Temple in the Tang Xuanzang Cemetery, Ji Xiang Temple, the birthplace of Pure Land Buddhism in China, Daxing Mountain Temple, the birthplace of Tantric Buddhism in China, and Shenglong Temple, which has great influence on Japanese Buddhism.

(4) Huashan Tourist Area

Huashan Mountain in Xiyue is a national scenic spot, located in the south of huayin city, about 20 kilometers east of Xi/kloc-0. It borders the Yellow River in the north and the Qinling Mountains in the south. Qifeng is abrupt and magnificent, and is known as "dangerous, strange, rigorous and secluded". The famous scenic spots in the tourist area include Yuquanyuan, hanger-on Ping, Huixin Stone, thousands of feet Tower, Bai Chi Gorge, Laojun Ligou, the plank road in the air and the east, west, south and north peaks. Watching the sunrise in the east wind has become a favorite sightseeing activity for tourists.

(5) Xianyang Emperor Mausoleum Tourist Area

Xianyang is an ancient historical and cultural city. There are 27 Mausoleums and 256 buried tombs, including the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu, the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, the Yangling Mausoleum of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong, the Ganling Mausoleum of Li Zhi in Tang Gaozong and the Ganling Mausoleum of Wu Zetian. There are many graves in the eyes, arranged in a row, forming an extremely spectacular mausoleum group. Mausoleum, Zhaoling Mausoleum and Ganling Mausoleum, as well as the excavated tombs of Princess Yongtai, Prince Zhang Huai and Yide in the Tang Dynasty, have all been opened to the public. Hanyang Mausoleum has produced a large number of soldiers and servants of the Han Dynasty, which are being excavated and restored and will soon be opened to the outside world.

(VI) Famen Temple Tourist Area in Baoji

Located in the east of Baoji City, along the north line of Xibao Highway, the main attractions are the site of Beishouling, the site of Yongcheng in pre-Qin, the site of Jiuchenggong, the Summer Palace in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Fengxiang East Lake, Zhougong Temple in Qishan, and the Diaoyutai in Baoji. Fufeng Famen Temple, known as the "ancestor of Guanzhong Pagoda Temple", was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty and later became a royal temple in the Tang Dynasty. It is famous for its collection of real finger bones of Sakyamuni and a large number of precious cultural relics. Famen Temple has now become a tourist hotspot on the western front.

(7) san huang Lifelong Tourist Area in Yan 'an.

San huang refers to the Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor and the loess customs, and his whole life refers to Yan 'an, the revolutionary holy land. The Yellow River is a symbol of the Chinese nation. Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River can reflect the majestic momentum of the Yellow River. Huangdi Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Xuanyuan, the ancestor of China.

(8) Yulin is a scenic area.

Yulin is located in the transitional zone between the southern edge of Mu Us Desert in northern Shaanxi and the Loess Plateau, with unique scenery. Yulin, a famous historical and cultural city and an important town in Saibei, is the center. The main tourist attractions are the ancient Great Wall of Qin, Sui and Ming Dynasties, Beitai, a frontier town in Ming Dynasty, Wanxian site in Jingbian County, Li Zicheng Palace in Mizhi County, Fuxing Temple in Suide County, Mengtian Tomb, Hongshixia, Hongjiannao, Baiyun Mountain in Jia County and Erlang Mountain in Shenmu County.

(9) Yellow River Tourist Area

Located in hancheng city, it includes Longmen of the Yellow River, Tomb of Sima Qian, hancheng city, a famous historical and cultural city in China, and Dangjia Village, a famous historical and cultural village in China. The Longmen of the Yellow River is the throat of the Yellow River, two towering mountains, in which the Yellow River flows, the sound of waves rolling, and the Longmen is thousands of miles away. Hancheng city is a pearl on the bank of the Yellow River. It is ancient and civilized, and a large number of cultural relics are preserved in the city. Hancheng Confucian Temple is one of the existing large-scale ancient buildings in Shaanxi.

(10) Zhashui Cave Tourist Area

Located in Shiweng Town, which is17km east of Zhashui County, there are nearly 100 caves such as Foye Cavern, Wind Tunnel, Tiandong, Baishen Cave and Wuyun Cave in the tourist area. There are three strange peaks, namely, Fengtai, Yuntai Mountain and Ma 'anling. There are ancestral temples built in the Ming Dynasty, as well as natural and cultural landscapes such as Glycerol River, Marukou Spring and Huang Yu Waterfall. It is a tourist area dominated by caves and natural landscapes in Shaanxi and even the northwest.