What are the industrial wastes?

Question 1: What kinds of garbage are there? Garbage type

restorable

It mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal, cloth and so on.

Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, etc. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble to be recycled.

Plastics: all kinds of plastic bags, plastic foams, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics, plastic toothbrushes, plastic cups, mineral water bottles, etc.

Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, thermos bottles and so on.

Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc.

Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.

These wastes can be recycled through comprehensive treatment, reducing pollution and saving resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.

Irretrievable

kitchen waste

Include food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and peels. After in-situ treatment of compost by biotechnology, 0.6-0.7 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.

Other wastes

Including brick and tile ceramics, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other wastes that are difficult to recycle except the above-mentioned types of garbage. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.

In fact, great bones are classified as "other rubbish" because they are "hard to corrode". Corn kernels, nut shells, fruit kernels and chicken bones are all kitchen waste.

Toilet paper is not recyclable.

Toilet paper and toilet paper are soluble in water and are not recyclable "paper". Similarly, there are pottery and cigarette cases.

Bagging of kitchen waste

Commonly used plastic bags, even though degradable, are far more difficult to corrode than kitchen waste. In addition, plastic bags themselves are recyclable garbage. The correct way is to dump the kitchen waste into the trash can and throw the plastic bag into the "recyclable garbage" bucket.

Shell counts as other rubbish.

In garbage classification, the logo of "fruit shell and melon skin" is peanut shell, which really belongs to kitchen garbage. Waste cooking oil left at home is also classified as "kitchen garbage".

Dust counts as other garbage.

In garbage classification, dust belongs to "other garbage" and litter belongs to "kitchen garbage", including flowers that have failed at home.

Toxic and hazardous waste

Waste containing heavy metals, toxic substances harmful to human health or actual or potential harm to the environment. Including batteries, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, mercury thermometers, paint buckets, some household appliances, expired drugs, expired cosmetics and so on. These wastes are usually recycled or landfilled separately.

Question 2: What are the main industrial wastes?

1. Metallurgical waste residue

Refers to all residue wastes discharged during or after the smelting of various metals. Such as blast furnace slag, steel slag, various nonferrous metal slag, ferroalloy slag, molten iron slag and various dusts and sludge.

2. Mining waste residue

In the process of mining all kinds of ores and coal, the amount of slag produced is extremely huge, involving a wide range, including stripping waste rock, driving waste rock, coal gangue, mineral processing waste rock, washing waste residue and various tailings.

3. Fuel waste residue

The wastes produced after fuel combustion mainly include cinder, flue ash, fly ash, shale ash and so on. 4. Chemical waste residue

The industrial wastes discharged from chemical production mainly include sulfuric acid slag, carbide slag, alkali slag, gas slag, phosphorus slag, mercury slag, chromium slag, salt mud, sludge, boron slag, waste plastics and rubber crumbs. In industrial solid waste, it also includes glass waste residue, ceramic waste residue, paper waste residue and construction waste.

Industrial waste, that is, industrial solid waste, refers to all kinds of waste residue, dust and other wastes discharged by industrial and mining enterprises in the process of production activities.

Question 3: What kinds of garbage are there? There are two kinds of garbage: domestic garbage and industrial garbage.

Domestic waste can generally be subdivided into four categories: recyclable waste, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other wastes.

Industrial waste can be divided into general industrial waste and industrial hazardous solid waste.

Question 4: What kinds of garbage are there? Garbage can be divided into five categories:

1 Domestic waste (renewable waste and organic matter)

2 Construction waste (buried bricks and cement blocks and recyclable gold slaughter waste)

3 Industrial wastes (all kinds of oils and inorganic substances)

4 hospital medical waste (all kinds of filth, drug packaging, China has regulations on the treatment of medical waste, which is difficult to implement in small towns and belongs to high-risk waste, so it needs to be treated with caution)

Five-person garbage (a kind of garbage with low quality, called slag)

Question 5: What wastes will be found in industrial wastes? How is the factory handled? This world-popular recycling sign, also known as recycling sign, is printed on commodities and commodity packaging.

Load it. Its meaning is: first, remind people to use the goods or packaging printed with this sign, and put it

Send it for recycling; Second, it shows that commodities or their packaging are made of renewable materials, which is beneficial to the environment.

Protect.

Recently, some towns have added many colorful classified trash cans, and the labels on the buckets tell people.

How do we classify garbage? But when you open these trash cans, you will often find that the garbage inside is still mixed.

Together, most of them are leftovers and plastic bags, waste paper pieces, such as glass bottles, waste newspapers and other "valuables."

Not much. How to deal with these worthless garbage, and what kind of garbage classification model is suitable for us?

Residents have sorted out the garbage at home, but the recyclable materials are not thrown away, but sold to the purchasing station.

At noon on June 17, Master Cao, who was doing cleaning work in the neighborhood near Hongmiao, Chaoyang District, Beijing, pedaled three rounds.

The flatbed car came to Baiziwan Recycling Station, carrying two large woven bags, which were flattened under the mat.

The cardboard box, two big plastic buckets and some scattered things on the car-these are all he got these two days.

Pick it up from the community garbage and save it. In front of a booth collecting waste plastics and glass, Master Cao called for help.

Busy carrying the woven bag out of the car, the glass bottles, plastic bottles and cans in the bag fell all over the floor. street pedlar/vendor

After a while, I counted: 90 glass bottles, 2 12 plastic bottles, ok.

There are 160 cans and a small pile of waste plastic daily necessities. On this trip, Master Cao earned more than 100 yuan. Classification time

Hou, Master Cao said, "This is garbage sorting!"

Baiziwan recycling station covers an area of more than 20 mu, and all kinds of waste products are piled up into mountains, all of which are nearby communities.

People who collect waste products or do cleaning are sold here. Master Zhao, who closed the cleaning station in Hongmiao, said that the residents were all at home.

Garbage is sorted in the kitchen-what can be sold and what can't be sold are thrown away. So with the classification of trash cans, residents also

Throw it without classification. An aunt said that the advantage of garbage sorting is that valuable things can be separated and sold. So, throw it.

What goes to the trash can is mainly kitchen waste and odds and ends.

Garbage recovery undoubtedly plays an important role in resource recovery, but the implementation of garbage classification and garbage disposal

Industrialization also makes it necessary to coordinate the relationship between waste recycling and waste recycling. It's been two years.

A few days ago, a company in Beijing operated garbage disposal in a European mode, and wanted to use waste plastics that were classified and recycled as raw materials.

Processing and recycling materials for sale, but they found that the amount of plastic picked out from the ingot was limited, which could not meet the equipment.

Normal operation, they have to pay for waste plastic. After a year and a half of hard work, it stopped production, worth more than 4 million.

Our equipment is idle.

Property companies need to make money, and market-oriented enterprises are not good at making money. Industrialization of garbage disposal needs policy support.

When it comes to garbage sorting in Beijing, we can't help but mention Gong Jian Li Nan Community in Baizhifang Street, Xuanwu District. This is a small one.

The community began to implement garbage sorting from April 1999. Over the past few years, it has won more than 20 honorary titles and passed them respectively.

International quality standard certification and international environmental protection certification. The heads of neighborhood committees and property companies said,

Garbage classification can persist because it has been valued by leaders at all levels of the city, district and street. Many leaders

Yes, foreign guests have been here, and no one can slack off on the honor he has won. Residential property manager

Ren Qiyun introduced that the monthly garbage disposal fee paid by 700 households in the community in 3 yuan paid four cleaners.

The salary is not enough. The cleaning staff should sort the unclassified garbage again, and the sorted garbage should be classified by ring.

The health department cleaned it up. Two residents in the community recycle waste products, and the bottles and waste paper saved by residents are sold to them.

It can be said that the property company is operating at a loss.

Not most communities can get the attention and investment of * * * and enterprises. For a long time, I

China's urban garbage disposal has always been undertaken by * * * as a social welfare undertaking. Now the garbage in Beijing has been removed.

Transportation and disposal are the responsibility of the environmental health service centers in various districts and four environmental health engineering group companies. The sources of funds for these units are

* * * Full payment. Many people in the industry believe that the industrialization of garbage disposal is the general trend and beneficial to the industry.

Competition and development, but there are still many constraints, such as the lack of legal norms on garbage classification, garbage

The charging system for garbage disposal still needs to be reformed, and the supporting policies for garbage disposal industrialization have not yet been introduced, and so on.

The practice of Beijing Pengyuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. is an example. Since the second half of 2000,

More than 200 enterprises invest in Beijing ... >>

Question 6: What are the disposal methods of industrial solid waste? What kinds of waste residue, dust and other wastes are discharged into the environment during industrial production? It can be divided into general industrial wastes (such as blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, nonferrous metal slag, fly ash, coal cinder, sulfuric acid slag, waste gypsum, salt mud, etc.). ) and industrial hazardous solid waste. The main way to control the pollution of solid waste to the environment and the harm to human health is to recycle, harmless and reduce solid waste. A. resource recycling, solid waste recycling, energy and resources recycling. The recovery of industrial solid waste must be based on the production characteristics of specific industries, and attention should also be paid to factors such as feasible technology, competitive products and economic benefits. B. Harmless disposal of solid waste Harmless disposal means that solid waste or harmful components in it cannot cause harm to the environment or be converted into substances that are harmless to the environment after proper treatment or disposal. Commonly used methods are: land landfill; Incineration; Composting method. This section edits the treatment and utilization of solid waste, the engineering technology and management measures for controlling environmental pollution by solid waste and recovering resources from solid waste.

Question 7: What are the separation technologies of new technologies for recycling industrial solid waste? That is, through appropriate technology, various recyclable wastes or waste components that are not conducive to the requirements of subsequent treatment processes are separated, including manual sorting and mechanical sorting.

Chemical leaching technology is a process that allows a solvent to selectively dissolve a target component in solid waste, so that the component can enter the solution and be separated from other components in the waste. This process is suitable for mining solid waste with complex components, fine disseminated particle size and low content of valuable components, waste residue discharged from chemical and metallurgical processes, etc. Traditional separation technology often has little effect, while chemical leaching technology is commonly used. Chemical leaching techniques include simple acid leaching, oxidized acid leaching, reduced acid leaching, ammonia leaching, sodium carbonate solution leaching, caustic soda solution leaching, sodium sulfide solution leaching and sodium hypochlorite leaching.

Biological treatment technology is a process of decomposing, mineralizing or oxidizing solid waste by utilizing the metabolism of microorganisms, including bio-metallurgy, bio-separation and bio-transformation.

Thermal conversion technology is a process of converting recyclable substances in solid waste into energy at high temperature, which is divided into pyrolysis and incineration.

The preparation technology of building materials is that solid waste is made into usable building materials through a series of physical and chemical actions under certain conditions, including cementing materials, bricks, blocks, glass, ceramics, cast stones, aggregates and so on.

Question 8: What are the hazards of garbage? The phenomenon that garbage encroaches on land, blocks rivers and lakes, hinders health, affects landscape, and harms crop growth and human health is called garbage pollution. Garbage includes industrial waste residue and domestic garbage. Industrial waste residue refers to the waste produced in the process of industrial production and processing, mainly including coal grindstone, fly ash, steel slag, blast furnace slag, red mud, plastic and petroleum waste residue. Domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, metal products, etc. In cities, due to the increasing population, domestic garbage is increasing at the rate of 10% every year, which constitutes a major public hazard. The serious harm of garbage, first of all, occupies a lot of land. The second is to pollute farmland. The third is to pollute groundwater. The fourth is to pollute the atmosphere. Some organic substances in industrial waste residue can produce stench through biodegradation at a certain temperature, thus polluting the atmosphere. The fifth is to spread diseases. Domestic garbage contains germs and parasites. If it is directly used as farmland fertilizer, people may get infectious diseases if they eat vegetables and fruits that have used this fertilizer. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, urban garbage has increased greatly. Garbage disposal has become an urgent problem in the comprehensive improvement of urban environment. Food contamination of food is one of the three major factors that constitute human life and health. Once food is polluted, it will endanger human health. Food pollution refers to all kinds of foods that people eat, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, eggs and so on. In the process of production, transportation, packaging, storage, sale and cooking, harmful toxic substances or germs are mixed. Food pollution can be divided into biological pollution and chemical pollution. Biological pollution refers to harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites polluting food. Bacteria and fungi belonging to microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye. Eggs stink and vegetables rot, mainly caused by bacteria and fungi. There are many kinds of bacteria. Some bacteria, such as Proteus, Flavobacterium, Enterobacter, etc., can directly pollute animal food, and can also pollute animal food through tools, containers, washing water, etc., and make food deteriorate. There are many kinds of fungi, more than 50 thousand species. The earliest mold that served mankind was a fungus. Nowadays, people can't eat fermented bean curd and sauce products without mold. But 100 strains can produce toxins, and aflatoxin is the most toxic. Food contaminated with this toxin can cause primary liver cancer in animals. According to the survey, the incidence of liver cancer is several times higher in areas with high aflatoxin in food than in other areas. British scientists believe that breast cancer may be related to aflatoxin. The climate in East China and Central South China is warm and humid, and aflatoxin pollution is widespread, mainly in peanuts and corn, followed by food such as rice. Parasites that pollute food mainly include ascaris lumbricoides, tapeworms and Trichinella spiralis. These parasites generally pollute water and soil through the feces of patients and sick animals, and then pollute fish, fruits and vegetables, which will cause parasitic diseases after people eat them. Chemical pollution is caused by harmful and toxic chemicals that pollute food. Various pesticides are the main sources of chemical pollution of food, as well as industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue containing harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and nitro compounds. Food additives, such as food pigments, preservatives, chromophores, sweeteners, curing agents and antioxidants; Plastic, paper and metal containers for food packaging. If food is packaged with waste newspapers and old magazines, PCBs contained in these papers will enter the human body through food, which will cause diseases. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the general name of more than 200 chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, which are produced and used in large quantities in the world today. It has been proved that traces of PCBs have been found in rivers, seawater, aquatic organisms, soil, atmosphere, wildlife, human milk and fat, and even penguins in Antarctica and whales in the Arctic Ocean. In the process of food processing, adding some food pigments can keep bright colors. But some synthetic pigments are toxic. To prevent food pollution, we should not only pay attention to food hygiene, but also start from all aspects of production, transportation, processing, storage and sales. Only in this way can the problem be fundamentally solved. Soil pollution is the foundation of human food and clothing. Today, with the high development of science and technology, the land has been destroyed unprecedentedly. Among them, soil pollution is like a soft knife, depriving a large area of fertile soil of its productivity. Soil pollution mainly refers to the phenomenon that some harmful substances in the soil greatly exceed the normal content, and the land can not eliminate the influence of these harmful substances. Serious soil pollution will lead to crop growth decline, even wither and die, and these pollution consequences can be found in time. More soil pollution is not obvious, but it reduces the quality of agricultural products, especially > >