The cost of the subway is 700 million yuan per kilometer, and most cities can't go back to the capital. Why are they in a hurry to build it?

In recent years, there has been a subway craze in major cities in China. Whether it is a big city or a small city, as long as it meets the requirements slightly, many cities are planning to build subways one after another. At present, more than 70 cities have subways in operation, and there are plans to build subways.

But as we all know, the cost of building a subway is very high. Usually, the construction cost of one kilometer is about 700 million yuan, and some cities can even reach 800 million yuan to 654.38+0 billion yuan.

Compared with the high construction cost, the operating income of many urban geography is not very optimistic at present, and most urban subways are at a loss. For example, at present, 365,438+0 cities in Chinese mainland have opened subways.

Of the 3 1 cities that have started to operate the subway, only Hangzhou, Qingdao, Shenzhen and Beijing have a revenue-expenditure ratio of more than 100% in 20 18, which means that only these four cities are profitable in 20 18, and others are losing money. In the whole year of 20 18, the average operating income and expenditure ratio of the national subway was 78%, which means that the average loss of the national subway reached 22%.

Then why do most cities lose money on subways, but many cities are still enthusiastic about building subways?

In fact, at present, the subway is not only a means of transportation in some places, but also has a great relationship with local people's livelihood, GDP and image.

We all know that China has a very large population, especially in some big cities. In recent years, with the increasing number of private cars in China, the current traffic situation in major cities is not optimistic. It is common to get stuck in traffic for several kilometers or even dozens of kilometers during rush hour. Many people spend a lot of time on the road, which not only causes public complaints, but also reduces the efficiency of society.

For those cities with site conditions, the population density is higher and the traffic pressure is greater. At present, the threshold of subway construction in major cities in China is that GDP reaches more than 300 billion, local general public budget revenue reaches more than 30 billion, and population reaches more than 3 million. Cities that meet these conditions not only have a large population, but also have relatively developed economies. Generally, it is a regional center, with strong people flow and logistics, and very high requirements for flow.

As a very efficient means of transportation, subway can avoid traffic jams, greatly improve the traffic conditions of a city and greatly improve the travel efficiency of citizens. Because of this, for those cities with relatively high fiscal revenue, they also build subways to improve their lives.

Although the subway is just an ordinary means of transportation, the image of a city with subway and without subway is very different. If there is no subway in a city, it is no different from ordinary cities.

If a city opens a subway, it shows that the city is relatively strong and plays a very important role in attracting investment and attracting tourists.

Careful observation will reveal an interesting phenomenon, that is, when the local government changes, the subway construction is generally enthusiastic. This is because subway construction is directly related to GDP development and government achievements.

The subway looks like an ordinary means of transportation, but in fact it involves the industrial chain and plays a very important role in promoting GDP.

First, subway construction can directly drive the development of related industrial chains.

Generally, the investment in subway construction projects is relatively large, ranging from billions to hundreds of billions. The construction period is usually 3-5 years, which can drive the development of many industries. For example, the upstream can directly promote the development of steel, aluminum, cement, buildings, bridges and tunnels; The middle reaches can directly promote the development of railway tracks, locomotives, power engineering and communication engineering; Downstream can drive the development of subway operation, freight, passenger transport, commodity retail, advertising and other businesses.

Second, the subway can directly promote the development of real estate and bring more land finance.

In China, subway and real estate have always been inseparable. The opening of the subway will generally drive up the housing prices along the line, attract more developers to develop, thus driving the land appreciation and increasing the land income of local governments.

It can be seen that the subway has a strong ability to drive the economy. At present, the direct contribution of rail transit construction investment to GDP is 1:2.63, which is equivalent to investing in a 20 billion subway, which can directly bring 52.6 billion GDP. If the commercial retail and real estate related to the subway are included, the contribution of the subway to GDP is not only as low as 1:2.63. In the long run, I think the contribution of subway to GDP can reach at least 1:3.

It is precisely because the subway can not only improve people's livelihood and enhance the scene of a city, but more importantly, it can directly promote the growth of GDP. Therefore, at present, all localities are trying their best to win the subway approval. Even though everyone knows that many subways are losing money at present, they still can't stop the enthusiasm of building subways everywhere.

I still remember that some time ago, at a meeting, everyone was discussing the issue of 5G, and some of them said that they must develop 5G? Some people at the meeting said that this issue has been discussed for many years, but it can't stop the development trend of 5 G. Why, because you don't develop 5 G, you may repeat the mistakes of Nokia in the era of smart phones. Without the development of 5G, our industrial intelligence will not develop well ... Although 4G has just entered the harvest period and its cost and profit period are relatively long, its significance is far greater than its income. ...

Back to the question raised by the subject, the author wants to build a subway and 5G, with the same purpose. They can be called "5G economy" and "subway economy" respectively, which are both useful and significant, and also play an important role in stimulating the economy.

From the convenience of life, when the city develops to a certain extent, the convenience brought by posting is self-evident. You can even predict the time of taking the subway to a few minutes. The construction and use of the subway can also drive the surrounding consumption and real estate investment, thus promoting economic development.

The subway is a public utility and a service project, which is mostly the welfare provided by the local government to the citizens. But the local area should also keep up with the development of the times, build subways, develop subway economy and promote local economic development!

The national subway, only Hong Kong and Shenzhen make money.

Beijing Metro 1969 has been in operation for half a century. Why haven't you made any money yet? Since there is no money, what is it built for?

The subway is equivalent to public utilities and is positioned in the service industry. Don't think about making money. If the subway wants to earn money from passengers, the cost of passengers will increase a lot. I don't think it is cheap to take the subway now.

As we all know, with the development of cities and the increase of population, roads are becoming more and more congested. Traffic is a big problem. When public transportation on the ground can't solve these problems, building a subway is undoubtedly a correct choice. Although the subway has a long construction period, its advantages of large capacity, high speed, dense frequency, safety and comfort, high punctuality rate, all-weather service, low freight rate, energy saving and environmental protection can cover its expensive construction cost.

Railway pioneer

In urban development, human efficiency is very important. Without a good traffic environment, urban development cannot be too fast, so big cities attach great importance to traffic development. If the rail transit in a big city is paralyzed, the lost economy is calculated in seconds.

In addition to the subway, rail transit also includes light rail, monorail, tram, rapid transit system, etc., according to the needs of the city to choose. For example, Chongqing Rail Lines 2 and 3 are selected according to the terrain. The 1 line is also combined with many air-raid shelters according to the terrain.

When the subway rings, there are two thousand gold.

As soon as the subway passes, the surrounding house prices will definitely rise. Will drive the economy along the subway.

Take a long line to catch big fish-to achieve greater goals with a long-term vision.

Although the cost is high, it is convenient for passengers for a lifetime. Although the construction period of subway is long, its service period is equally long, which can also increase employment. Is there any reason for the city not to repair such a good thing?

However, with the improvement of rail transit threshold, many second-and third-tier cities have not met the standards before and do not want to repair them.

According to the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Construction and Management of Urban Rapid Rail Transit, subway construction must meet four conditions:

1. General budget revenue of local finance100 billion yuan;

2. The gross domestic product has reached 1000 billion yuan;

3. The total urban population exceeds 7 million, and the urban population exceeds 3 million;

4. The passenger flow scale of the planned line reaches a one-way peak of more than 30,000 people per hour; In addition, it must be networked, and single line cannot be approved.

Subway is one of the business cards of a city.

According to incomplete statistics, as of August, 2065438+2008, there are 35 cities that have opened subways in China, and more than 30 cities are planned to open in the near future.

It can be seen that building the subway is a very expensive project.

It is understood that at this stage, the cost per kilometer of the subway in general cities is about 500 million yuan, and the cost in some special cities is about 10 billion yuan. According to the information found, the cost per kilometer of Beijing Metro 16 line reached1200 million yuan.

At present, the only profitable subway in China is the Hong Kong subway, and all subways in the mainland are losing money.

Take the Beijing subway as an example. If the average cost of a line is 700 million, it will probably cost150-200 billion, and the annual interest will be 600-800 million. In terms of income, relying on tickets and a small amount of advertisements is not enough to cover the construction cost and interest cost. Therefore, annual subsidies for public transportation (buses, subways, etc.). ) In Beijing, it is150-200 billion yuan.

Subway belongs to the field of public utilities, and publicity is the first priority. Profitability is actually a secondary consideration. Moreover, it can't be completely counted as the income of subway tickets, and the subway brings many benefits.

First of all, the subway has greatly enhanced the image of the city. With the subway, the city will rank among the top 30 in China, which will greatly enhance its attraction to local and foreign talents.

Second, the subway has driven the land price, house price and business circle value along the way. Anyone who buys or rents a house knows that the distance from the subway directly determines the price of buying or renting a house, and the huge flow of people brought by the subway station is also of infinite value to the business circle.

Third, promote employment and boost GDP. If you are the mayor, I believe you won't hesitate to get on the subway project. The demand for construction machinery, cement, steel, building materials and railway locomotives has greatly increased, bringing tens of thousands of jobs and enhancing the image of the city. Why not?

Therefore, we should not calculate the "small account" of whether the subway itself is profitable, but the "big account" of how much income it brings to the city.

The subway itself should be profitable. Take Beijing as an example, the ticket price has tripled, and the profit can be expected immediately. The problem is that the number of people who choose the subway will be greatly reduced, and the attraction around the subway will be greatly reduced. House prices will fall, land prices will fall, and shop rents will fall, which will bring more harm to the city than the three or five fights of overcharging tickets.

(Qingxi)

The main purpose of building a subway is not to make a profit, but to ease the pressure of ground traffic and facilitate pedestrians' travel. This is the main purpose. More importantly, building a subway is a symbol of a city, a symbol of the city's development, and a symbol of the huge number of urban population and foreign population. It will spend a huge sum of money to build a subway. On the one hand, it will ease the traffic pressure and facilitate pedestrians' travel; on the other hand, it will reduce the travel of private vehicles in cities, alleviate the exhaust emissions of urban vehicles and purify the urban environment. Then the subway is built to increase the efficiency of travel. In short, the other benefits are particularly significant.

If we only stand on the cost and profit of building a subway, it is naturally unequal, depending on the long-term benefits. This is a business card for urban development, and the benefits are naturally obvious, especially for cities that have already run the subway, which can better reflect the good results.

The main reason for building a subway is the traffic jam in a city. The most effective way to relieve this pressure is that when I went to college, the subway had just been built in Xi 'an. Usually it takes one hour by bus and ten minutes by subway. This is the most remarkable effect. I don't have to worry about going to work because I live far away. This is the most obvious efficiency improvement.

In addition, the phenomenon of traffic congestion and vehicle congestion on the ground streets is alleviated, so it is inevitable to build a subway, especially for some developing cities, which is a clear business card with remarkable effects and huge benefits.

In China, the local government's enthusiasm for infrastructure construction is imaginable by ordinary people. In many economically underdeveloped cities in the midwest, roads, airports, parks and squares have been built with great momentum. Even if the local fiscal revenue is not high, it will try its best to invest in infrastructure.

In the subway construction, local governments have great impulse. Even in some economically underdeveloped prefecture-level cities in the central and western regions, a large number of cities have planned subway construction. Xiangyang, Hubei and Ganzhou, Jiangxi are both ordinary prefecture-level cities, and they have long planned to build subways.

The construction cost of the subway is really high, which is too high for ordinary cities to afford. For example, Nanchang, Jiangxi has a population of about 5 million, and the urban area is about 4 million. At present, five subways have been planned, two are about to open to traffic, and the other three are already under construction.

Nanchang 1 subway is nearly 30 kilometers, with a total investment of more than 20 billion. Most of the construction funds are through bank loans and bear a small part. After it is completed and opened to traffic, part of the income of this subway will be used for deposit bank loans. If all these five subways are completed, the investment will exceed 654.38+00 billion. So this cost is very high.

With such a high construction cost, why are so many cities keen on building subways and even willing to lend money? It is true that many cities borrowed a lot of money to build subways. Such as Baotou.

First of all, the construction of subway can broaden the framework of urban construction. The length of the subway is generally tens of kilometers. Once opened to traffic, it can really lengthen the framework of the city. Many urban-rural fringe areas were dilapidated before the subway was opened to traffic. After the subway was opened to traffic, it immediately became a very modern city.

Second, the construction of the subway can enhance the taste of the city. Today's cities, even prefecture-level cities, have a population of one or two million or even three or four million. If there were no subway, the traffic in the city would be very chaotic. With the subway, the traffic conditions in the city have been greatly improved. This is of great help to improve the taste of the city.

Third, although the cost of building a subway is high, it is a business that does not lose money. Although the construction cost is as high as tens of billions, many cities have accumulated a lot of debts for this. However, subway construction has brought great development opportunities to the commercial economy. Once business is prosperous, it will bring a steady stream of taxes. For a simple example, subway construction can often drive up house prices along the line. After the house price rises, doesn't the government's revenue also rise?

Therefore, although the construction of the subway is very expensive, it is a business that does not lose money. From this perspective, it can explain why so many cities are keen on building subways.

The value of building a subway is the same as that of building a high-speed rail, both of which are economic values, but there are still many cultural, social and hidden values in building a subway.

Take Shanghai as an example. As a super city, the population density is extremely high. Different areas of the city have different orientations, including commercial areas, living areas and industrial parks. The population needs to move between different regions. The subway will not be blocked, will not be delayed, and will run faster, which is unmatched by ground transportation.

The existing ground traffic is still crowded under the conditions of building elevated roads, vigorously promoting public transport systems and limiting the number of buses. In the case of taking the subway, commuting time within one hour is also common. If you don't take the subway, I'm afraid the time spent on the road will be four or five hours a day, and the life experience will be extremely poor, and the working hours will be greatly reduced. The overall vitality and value creation of society are greatly reduced.

However, for many cities, such as Chongqing, the mountain city itself has complex and uneven terrain. For Lanzhou, a long and narrow city subject to topography, and Jinan, an ancient city, the energy cost and reconstruction cost of conventional transportation are extremely high, even impossible to realize, but the subway can be solved. Although the subway may be losing money, the cost reduction in other aspects is invisible. The state must consider this comprehensive social cost, not just a project.

For super cities, with the convenient transportation such as subway, a city can become a unified whole, otherwise, each region will fight for itself and become a whole, and the goal of overall optimization will not be achieved. With the subway, confidence, population and logistics vitality will be activated and efficiency will be improved. Simply put, there is no information society without broadcasting, and there is no super city without subway. Subway is the blood of the city.

To sum up, the advantages of building subway networks in big cities and subway lines in medium-sized cities outweigh the disadvantages, which has a far-reaching impact on the long-term development of a city.

In my opinion, there are three reasons for a city to build a subway.

First, the urban transportation system has been unable to meet people's ordinary travel needs.

Second, guarantee housing prices,

Third, the real economy is sluggish, and the government should reinvest and use the municipal government to stimulate the real economy and stabilize the economy.

What are the advantages of the subway?

First of all, there is no traffic jam.

Second, save time.

Analysis, the first reason is that there are more people buying cars and fewer people crowding the bus. With the growth of urban population, there are more and more cars, and people without cars are crowded with buses and subways ~

The second reason is that going north to Shenzhen is a good example.

The third reason is that government investment drives the real economy.

Not much to say. Let me give you some examples. After the stock market crash in 2007, the central government invested 4WE, with heavy industry, cement and petrochemical derivatives as the tax pillars. After that, it penetrated into logistics and light industry. After that, the high-tech construction was interlocking, the real economy improved, the income of bosses and workers increased, the number of people buying houses and cars increased, the material life improved, the food, clothing, housing and transportation were solved, and the three straight lines were not solved. Then, building a convenient subway must be put on the agenda.

Of course, it takes taxpayers' money to build the subway, and it has to be taken from the people, not to mention making a profit. This is a matter of people's livelihood, and the concern and warmth of the government for the people is a major event.

If we only focus on the subway itself, I am afraid it is not a first-tier big city like Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen. With a population of about10 million, it is possible to recover costs or even make profits only by subway revenue, and the cycle is very long! But aside from subway construction, land revenue, real estate appreciation, building commercial centers, stimulating domestic consumption and enhancing the image of cities are the reasons why major cities are "scrambling" to build subways even if they break their scalp!

Nowadays, cars are relatively cheap, and almost every household can have one car, or even several cars! For a city with a high population density, the travel pressure is extremely high. It is common to block up several kilometers on the road during the rush hour every day and delay for dozens of minutes!

Therefore, in cities with large population density (above 3 million) and strong financial capacity (300 billion GDP and 30 billion fiscal revenue), building subways to ease traffic pressure and improve residents' happiness index has become one of the primary considerations in many large and medium-sized cities!

As far as I know, the reasonable period of subway from construction to formal operation is 5~6 years, and BT mode is the most common, and even some cities will refer to PPP mode for construction. The whole payment period is as short as 8 years, as long as 15 years, or even longer!

Although the cost of the subway is as high as 700 million yuan per kilometer, such a long payment period is not very stressful for the local fiscal revenue of 30 billion!

Moreover, all subway lines are busy areas. Often, as soon as the subway line is planned, major real estate enterprises begin to grab land and hoard land, and the prices of the first line of the subway are also rising, and commercial centers near the subway entrance have mushroomed. Rising house prices and land appreciation can indirectly increase local fiscal revenue!

From the point of view of financial balance, I am afraid that the expenditure on subway construction will be fully recovered in less than 10 years. In this case, the burden of subway construction is also affordable!

Another point, which is also very important, once a city's subway construction is opened, it can greatly improve its image and promote the development of upstream and downstream related industries, which is also directly related to the government's political achievements!

The brand of a city. Promotion depends entirely on the subway, and the city's economic charm and active ability are different. The subway is the soul of this city.

The area along the subway is a relatively prosperous center of urban development. In the process of looking for a job, young people usually choose a work unit along the subway.

The prosperity of industries along the subway will also affect the development of surrounding related economies and industrial belts.

The great improvement of a city's traffic environment will promote the brand promotion and economic prosperity of this city.

The state has strict requirements in the process of subway approval. Many cities with a population of less than 2 million are not allowed to build subways. The key issue of subway investment, after the completion of subway drawings, should really undertake the economic development of this city and ease the traffic flow of this city. The city is too small to carry such a big investment project.

The daily management cost of the city railway is also huge.

Because the level of my previous work is also responsible for the management level of this city, and it needs to be greatly improved.