What does the conceptual design of real estate projects mean?

The design of real estate projects is divided into three stages: scheme design, preliminary design and construction drawing design; Conceptual design is scheme design. To put it simply, the overall layout of the plot should be carried out according to the economic indicators of the plot and the requirements of relevant specifications, and the plot ratio should be sufficient. It needs to be refined into various aspects such as property form, moving line organization, building facade and apartment design.

The data set of architectural design is defined as: the building used for family daily life is an artificial environment created by people to meet the needs of family life by using their own material and technical means.

Multi-storey residential buildings: The Code for Residential Design stipulates that the first to third floors are low-rise residential buildings, the fourth to sixth floors are multi-storey residential buildings, and the seventh to ninth floors are medium and high-rise residential buildings.

High-rise residence: a high-rise residence with more than ten floors.

Independent house: refers to each family's own house with independent outdoor space. The house is relatively independent and forms its own courtyard space.

Collective housing: Compared with the concept of independent housing, many families live in one or more houses and enjoy the same outdoor space.

Multi-storey residential building

high-rise housing

Independent residence

Unit residence: a residence composed of multiple units, each of which has a stairwell as a vertical transportation system for each household? Point residence: Several single-family houses around the vertical transportation system.

Duplex apartment: The Code for Residential Design stipulates that the indoor space spans more than two floors.

Residential unit

Dian block apartment

Duplex apartment

Duplex residence: a small residential form that makes full use of architectural space. According to people's demand for different heights of home space, the residence formed by cleverly setting mezzanine is called duplex residence.

Xing Tao: A set of housing types consisting of different use areas and living spaces.

There are some concepts in the Code for Residential Design, which define different parts of the house.

1

Duplex apartment

The second section, the basis, principles and standards of Xing Tao design.

According to the standard of "one household, one house", each household should have its own living room, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, bathroom and other rooms to meet the basic home requirements.

(1) the basis of Xing Tao design.

Family size

B family type

physiological characteristic

Family size

It mainly shows the number of family population, which has a direct impact on the interior area of the suite and the number of rooms. Generally, it includes two aspects: the average household population and the average household size ratio.

The average population per household is one of the important indicators to study the population problem of a country, city and region, and it is also one of the indicators to determine the population size of residential areas. With the development of social economy, the traditional way of life has changed, at the same time, the process of urbanization has accelerated, people's living conditions have been improved, and many countries have gradually entered an aging society, including changes in people's concepts, and the average family population has gradually decreased. The design of residential areas in China is generally considered as 3.5 people per household. According to statistics, there are less than three people in each household now, and the average population in the United States in 2000 was 2.32 (forecast). The average population per household affects the size and number of families in Xing Tao.

The proportion of family size refers to the proportion of families of various sizes in the total number of families, which is related to the proportion of different residential units.

Families living alone: including the elderly and adult single families, have shown an upward trend in recent years.

Two-person households (mainly husband and wife households): including elderly couples and young couples. Due to the influence of aging society and life concept, two-person families are also on the rise.

Family of three and family of four: they belong to the nuclear family, which accounts for the largest proportion in China. Basically, it is composed of husband and wife and a child or two children or a child and a lonely old man.

In today's society, families with more than five people are less affected by the change of concept.

B family type (family pattern diagram)

According to the family size, we can see the types of families:

Lonely family: an old man or a single young man.

Couple family: two couples.

Nuclear family: husband and wife and children.

Old people's families: husband and wife and old people or husband and wife and children and old people.

Compound families: children, two couples and two elderly couples.

physiological characteristic

People of different ages have different physiological habits and characteristics, and have different requirements for housing layout. The general age standards are: infant stage 0- 1 year, infant stage 1-3 years old, child stage 6- 18 years old, primary and secondary school stage 18-60 years old. Residential suites are designed according to family types and considering the physiological characteristics of people of different ages.

(2) The principles of Xing Tao design.

Time-sharing in a era

B. Gender classification

Behavioral compartment

D function sub-room

Time-sharing in a era

It means that family children have to live in a room alone when they reach a certain age. The ideal goal suggested by the standard of urban well-off housing in China is that children will be separated from their parents after 6 years old, and the minimum goal is to be separated from their parents after 8 years old. Japan is 6 years old. In order to encourage children to be independent, Japan will separate from their parents when their children reach the age of 4. The earlier the age of housing distribution, the stronger the independence of children and the higher the standard of housing requirements.

B. Gender classification

China's well-off housing standard suggests that children over 0/2 years old should be divided into sexes, that is, children of different sexes cannot share the same room. Behavioral compartment

According to the requirements of living behavior, functional rooms are divided, and different living behaviors require different spaces. Generally speaking, residential behavior can be divided into four categories: personal private life behavior, social life behavior, housework behavior and physical health behavior.

Personal private life behavior mainly refers to private bedtime, private clothes storage and personal learning behavior. This requires different bedrooms, storage rooms, study rooms, etc. Social life behavior mainly refers to the daily life, reunion, meeting guests, entertainment, dining, receiving guests and other behaviors of family members. This requires the provision of living rooms, activity rooms, dining rooms, halls and other rooms.

Housework mainly includes cooking, washing and sewing, which requires kitchen and housework space.

Physical hygiene behavior mainly refers to bathing, defecation and washing. , and asked to provide a toilet.

D function sub-room

Separation of public and private: Private functional space and public functional space are separated. The general public functional space is placed near the entrance of the apartment, and the private space is placed inside, forming a clear internal and external functional division. Generally, a transitional space is formed between two functional areas, and the toilet is located between the two areas.

Separation of eating and sleeping: sleeping behavior and dining behavior are required to be carried out in separate rooms, which is also the functional division standard in the minimum goal of well-off life. Separation of living and sleeping: it is required that living behavior and living behavior be carried out in a separate room, which is the functional division standard of the overall goal of well-off living.

Separation of living, eating and sleeping: it is required to live, eat and sleep in separate rooms, forming many double-hall houses with special restaurants, which is also the functional division standard of the ideal goal of well-off life.

Separation of cleaning and pollution: the kitchen and bathroom of the suite are places where garbage and pollution are produced. The kitchen should be close to the entrance and exit, separated from other clean rooms, and the bathroom should not face the living room. A certain shoe changing area should be formed at the entrance to separate cleaning from pollution.

(3) Xing Tao design area standard.

(1) The Code for Residential Design stipulates the classification of ordinary residential units, which are divided into four categories (usable area refers to the actual usable area of the room, excluding the area of walls, columns, insulation layers and other structural structures. )

(2) Suggested standards for the design requirements of urban demonstration communities.

③ The residential design code also stipulates the minimum usable area of each room.

Minimum area of double bedroom12m2, minimum area of single bedroom12m2, living bedroom12m2, living room12m2 and dark hall10m2. One or two types of residential kitchens are 4 square meters; Class III and IV residential kitchens are 5 square meters; Toilets can be equipped with three electrical appliances, with a usable area of not less than 3 square meters, and two bathrooms should be provided for the fourth type of residence.

(4) The use area standard of each functional space required by the design of urban demonstration community.

Master bedroom12-16m2, double bedroom12-14m2, single bedroom 8-10m2, living room18-25m2. The dining room is not less than 8 square meters, the kitchen is not less than 6 square meters, the bathroom is 4-6 square meters, the hall is 2-3 square meters, and the studio is 6-8 square meters.

Section 3 Design Points of Suite Functional Rooms

The residential suite includes the following functional spaces: hallway, living room, bedroom, study, life balcony, kitchen, dining room, bathroom, storage room, service balcony, etc. The functional relationship diagram is as follows:

(Schematic diagram of residential functional space)

(Schematic diagram of internal functional partition)

(1) master bedroom

Features: The master bedroom is generally a husband-and-wife bedroom, so you can consider living with the baby; It is the master bedroom in the suite and the center where the family actually lives; It is the most important and constant space in the set; Require good privacy, good lighting, ventilation and sound insulation, generally arranged in the south; Bedrooms should not cross.

② Behavior zoning and furniture layout

Sleeping area: The main furniture is a double bed and a crib (with a baby).

The layout of the double bed should be empty on three sides to facilitate getting on and off the bed; The distance between each surface and the wall or other objects shall not be less than 500mm. The convenience of the inner wall along the bed shall be fully considered in the design. The sleeping area should be arranged in a dark place in the bedroom, and the bedside should not face the window to avoid the wind blowing the window and affecting the quality of sleep; The sleeping area should be arranged in the inner position of the master bedroom, considering privacy. Reading and writing area: desks are generally arranged, usually in bedrooms, and there is no separate study room. On the one hand, the size of the desk meets the requirements of reading and writing, on the other hand, it also meets the requirements of bedroom space. The location of the reading and writing area should consider the location of the lighting port and the direction of the light source in order to get better lighting during the day.

Storage area: the general bedroom should consider the space for storing clothes, and the larger master bedroom should be equipped with a dressing room. Generally, a wardrobe is set in the bedroom, which is arranged along the wall according to the specific spatial characteristics of the master bedroom.

(2) Bedroom

① Features: It is generally considered as a single room or a double room. The minimum area index of the two bedrooms will be different, and they are in a secondary position relative to the master bedroom, and can be used by the elderly, adults, teenagers and children. For people of different ages, the layout of the living room will be biased. For example, in the bedroom for the elderly, we should strive for good sunshine conditions, especially in the northern winter, when the elderly spend a long time at home, sunshine is very important, so we should fully consider that the elderly have more rest time to facilitate contact with their families. Minors' bedrooms should meet their psychological requirements, with flexible layout and lively colors. The general bedroom should also meet the requirements of sunshine, ventilation and orientation.

② Behavior partition and furniture layout: it is also divided into sleeping area, reading and writing area and storage area. The furniture in the sleeping area can be a single bed. For the elderly bedroom, reception area, sofa, coffee table, etc. It should be considered, and there should be room for TV in the bedroom, which requires a TV cabinet.

(3) Living room

① Features: The living room is mainly used for family reunion, watching TV, meeting guests and other activities. There are also separate home behavior and away behavior; The living room space is the center of family activities and the same space for family members to communicate with the outside world in the suite. It plays an important role in the suite and is the conversion center of various rooms. Have a good orientation, preferably facing south, with good ventilation and lighting; The layout of the door opening of the living room should comprehensively consider the use requirements, reduce the number of doors that directly open to the living room, and preferably form a bag-like space. The linear length of the wall surface of the furniture layout should not be less than 3 meters; The space has a good view and is generally connected with the balcony; The living room can be connected to the dining room and corridor, and you can wear sleeves to enter other rooms.

② Behavior partition and furniture layout:

The main activities of the living room are reunion, watching TV, meeting guests and activities. Furniture includes sofas, coffee tables, TV cabinets and other single pieces of furniture such as flower stands, chairs and stools, recliners or fitness equipment (except those with independent activity rooms).

Sofas and TV furniture are generally arranged along the wall, including straight-line layout and corner layout, which are generally determined according to the shape of the living room.

Sofa, coffee table, corner, flower stand, etc. They are usually arranged in the sofa area, where people can sit around and chat and watch TV. TV cabinets and household appliances are generally arranged in the TV area. When people watch TV, they generally require a good viewing distance, which is five times the diagonal length of the TV screen. This requires that the TV cabinets should be placed reasonably and the living room space should have a reasonable width.

(4) Studio (study)

Features: the study is a room for family work and study, and the space and furniture layout should conform to this behavior; There is no condition to set up a study suite, and a study space should be set up in the living room or bedroom; Good lighting and ventilation; The location in the suite should be relatively hidden to avoid the interference of noisy activities; Soho family's study should have a good orientation, meet the requirements of the owner's office at home, and the area should be larger.

② Behavior zoning and furniture arrangement: the main behaviors are reading, studying and working, and the furniture is mainly desks, bookshelves and workstations; Desk and workbench should be as close to the window as possible, and bookcases should be arranged along the wall for easy access.

(5) Dining room

① Features: Meet the space for family dining; There should be close contact with the kitchen, sometimes forming a DK-style space with the kitchen, or forming a DL space with the residential style; The space should be provided with a fixed dining table; If there is no independent restaurant, you can consider eating in the kitchen, living room and aisle, and you can use the form of movable dining table, which requires these rooms to have independent walls and spaces to meet the dining behavior; In the suite, the dining room is connected with the living room, corridor and other spaces.

② Behavior zoning and furniture arrangement: The main behavior is eating, sometimes housework, children's study, leisure and other behaviors. The main furniture is dining table, cupboard and sometimes bar.

(6) Kitchen

Features: the kitchen is an indispensable space in the family, mainly engaged in cooking activities; Ensure the privacy and safety of users; The environment should be clean and tidy, prevent air pollution and leakage, and properly handle garbage and dirt; Requirements and dining room (dining space), service balcony, storage room and other spaces have direct contact; The kitchen should be close to the door, which can facilitate shopping and garbage removal, and avoid reaching the kitchen through the private area or living room on the streamline, which is not conducive to cleaning and sewage diversion; There must be direct lighting and ventilation, and the requirements for the DPRK are not high; The kitchen needs to consider the requirements of equipment, piping, ventilation, etc. , involving the coordination of buildings, structures, equipment (water supply and drainage, heating, hot water, ventilation, electricity) and other professions; Equipment and facilities involve the principle of modular coordination, which is convenient for installation and effective use of space; It meets the requirements of ergonomics and is convenient to operate and comfortable to use.

② Cooking behavior and kitchen equipment configuration

Kitchen work triangle: refers to the triangle connected with the refrigerator, stove and sink in the kitchen, which is used to express the walking way of people in cooking behavior. Whether these three arrangements are appropriate or not affects the comfort and convenience of people's operation. According to international research, the sum of the three sides of the kitchen working triangle should be 3.6-6 meters.

③ Minimum kitchen size and furniture size

Kitchen size: the specification stipulates that the clear width of single-row equipment kitchen should not be less than 1.5m, and the clear distance between two rows of equipment in double-row equipment kitchen should not be less than 0.9m ..

According to the specification, the minimum kitchen area of Class I and II houses is 4 square meters, and that of Class III and IV houses is 5 square meters.

The standards for well-off housing and demonstration housing are appropriately relaxed.

Kitchen equipment size:

Length: The clear length of the operating table shall not be less than 2. 1m, and the gas stove, washbasin and certain operating table length shall be arranged.

Height: The height of the operating table is generally 800-900mm, and the height of the hanging cabinet can be convenient to take things according to the height of the human body to avoid touching. The range hood is generally 700mm high from the kitchen eye.

Width: the width of the operating table is 500-600 mm ... The size of the refrigerator is generally considered to be 600 x 600 mm