What three measures should be taken to prevent noise hazards?

The prevention of noise hazards should be considered from three aspects: sound source, transmission route and receiver.

(l) Control and eliminate noise sources, which is the fundamental measure to prevent noise hazards; Different solutions should be taken according to the specific situation. Use mute or bass equipment instead of high noise equipment, such as hydraulic forging instead of high noise, welding instead of riveting, shuttleless instead of weaving, etc. , you can get better results. Noise sources that are allowed to be far away in production, such as fans and motors, should be moved outside the workshop or isolated. In addition, as far as possible to improve the accuracy of the machine, as far as possible to reduce the impact, friction and vibration of machine parts, can also reduce production noise.

When designing the workshop, the sound source should be reasonably configured. The harm of noise can also be reduced by separating factories that produce strong noise from residents and separating high-noise workshops from low-noise workshops.

(2) Generally, the following measures are taken to control the spread and insertion of noise.

1) Sound absorption Use sound-absorbing materials to decorate the inner surface of the workshop, such as walls and roofs, or hang space sound absorbers in the workshop to absorb radiation and reflect sound energy, so as to reduce the noise intensity. Materials with good sound absorption effect include glass wool, slag wool, foam plastic, felt, cotton wool, aerated concrete, sound-absorbing board, wood wool board and so on.

2) A muffler is a device that can prevent sound from spreading and let air flow through, that is, a muffler. This is the main measure to prevent aerodynamic noise. Mufflers include resistive mufflers using sound-absorbing materials, reactive mufflers made according to the filtering principle, and impedance composite mufflers designed by using the above two principles.

3) Sound insulation In some cases, certain materials and devices can be used to seal the sound source to isolate it from the surrounding environment, such as sound insulation enclosures and sound insulation rooms. Sound insulation structure should be tight, so as not to produce * * * vibration and affect the sound insulation effect.

4) Vibration isolation In order to prevent vibration and noise from spreading through solid materials such as the ground and walls, vibration reduction devices, such as rubber pads and asphalt, are installed at the joints between the machine foundation and the ground and walls.

5) Health care measures to strengthen personal protection. Wearing personal protective equipment is an effective measure to protect the hearing organs when the noise in the production site is temporarily uncontrollable or needs to work under special high noise conditions. Earplugs are the most commonly used, and the sound insulation effect can reach about 30 decibels. The sound insulation effect of earmuffs and helmets is better than that of earplugs, but they are inconvenient to use and expensive, and need to be improved.

Workers exposed to noise should have regular health check-ups, especially hearing check-ups, and observe the changes of hearing, so as to find hearing damage early and take corresponding protective measures in time. Workers engaged in noise operations should have a physical examination before taking up their posts, and those with hearing organ, cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are not allowed to engage in noise operations.

Noise workers should have reasonable rest time, such as breaks, and often supervise and check the implementation and effect of preventive measures.