What are the drinking water resources in China?

Per capita water resources are very limited. According to the statistics of the World Bank 1998 on 132 countries, China's total water resources rank fourth in the world, but its per capita water resources rank 82nd. According to international standards, per capita water resources of 2000 cubic meters is the edge of serious water shortage, and per capita water resources 1000 cubic meters is the minimum requirement for human survival. At present, the per capita water resources of 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China are seriously below the water shortage line, and the per capita water resources of 7 provinces and autonomous regions (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Liaoning and Jiangsu) are below the minimum requirements for survival.

● The water pollution is serious and the loss is huge. According to the water resources quality evaluation of more than 700 rivers in China, about 654.38+10,000 kilometers, 46.5% of the river length is polluted; 10.6% of the river length is seriously polluted, and the water body has lost its use value. More than 90% of urban waters are seriously polluted. Among the seven major river basins in China, more than 70% of the reaches of Taihu Lake, Huaihe River and Yellow River are polluted. The pollution in Haihe River and Songliao River basins is also quite serious, accounting for more than 60% of the polluted river sections, and14 of the population in China drinks water that does not meet the hygienic standards. Water pollution directly affects people's life and living environment in China.

● The rivers and lakes are shrinking and the Yellow River is cut off. During the 27 years from 1972 to 1998, Lijin Station of the Yellow River was cut off at 2 1 year, and the frequency of cut-off has reached five times in four years. * * * is counted as 1050 days, with an average of 50 days in each cut-off, including 6544 days. Rivers in the middle and lower reaches of Haihe River Basin have basically dried up, siltation at the estuary has intensified, and the ecological environment has been seriously damaged. Due to the sharp drop in runoff, the sewage discharged from cities and towns cannot be diluted, and many sewage rivers have been formed, which are vividly called: "No rivers are polluted, and water is polluted." According to the survey, the water surface area of lakes in China has decreased by 30% in the past 30 years.

● The northwest water environment is harsh. At present, the phenomenon of lakes drying up in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China is very serious, and the salt content and salinity of some lakes have increased obviously, especially in northwest China. Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, due to the construction of water conservancy projects in the upper reaches, the water volume of the lake has dropped sharply, and the irrigation area with high salt content has shrunk and kept entering the lake. Therefore, in a short period of more than 10 years, the lake has evolved from a freshwater lake to a saltwater lake, with the salinity of the lake increased by 6 times, the water surface decreased by 120 square kilometers and the water level decreased by 3.54 meters. Ebinur Lake in the west of Junggar Basin, known as the "green maze", was cut off from water in the 1970s because of deforestation in the lake area in the 1960s. At this point, the surface of Ebinur Lake has been reduced from 1300 square kilometers to 600 square kilometers, and the dried-up lake basin has become a salt desert. Lop Nur, once the largest saltwater lake in China's history, has also dried up.

● The wetland area is shrinking and the ecology is degraded. Due to the population growth, the expansion of cultivated land and the change of ecological types, the wetland area in China has shrunk seriously. The continuous reclamation of the Great Northern Wilderness has reduced the largest wetland area in China by 60%, and the wetland area in Sanjiang Plain has decreased from 4.43 million hectares in the early days of the People's Republic of China to 6.5438+0.9 million hectares. If emergency protection measures are not taken, the wetlands in Sanjiang Plain will disappear in more than ten years.

● The consequences of reclaiming land from lakes in the south are serious. Reclamation of southern lakes is the primary reason for the shrinking area of southern lakes. Jianghan Lake Group, which was once beautiful, lost 983 lakes due to reclamation, and its area decreased by 204 1 square kilometer. At present, there are only 83 lakes left. In less than 40 years, the vast 800-mile Dongting Lake has reclaimed 2.26 million mu. Siltation and reclamation are mutually causal, leading to a vicious ecological cycle in the lake area.

● Overexploitation of groundwater causes environmental problems. Due to the scarcity of surface water resources and the intensification of water pollution, some areas exploit groundwater in a predatory manner, and groundwater overexploitation is very serious. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently 49 groundwater drop funnels 149, with an area of158,000 square kilometers, of which 67,000 square kilometers are seriously over-exploited, accounting for 42.3% of the over-exploited area. The average over-exploitation of groundwater for many years is 6.78 billion cubic meters, and the water level in some funnels has reached 60-80 meters. Land subsidence occurred in some cities, which caused serious consequences.

● China has become one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world, with a soil erosion area of 3.67 million square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the land area, of which the hydraulic erosion area is 6.5438+0.79 million square kilometers. In addition, more than 5 billion tons of soil is lost every year, and the desertification area of the whole country is increased by 2 100 square kilometers every year due to soil erosion, and more than 70,000 hectares of cultivated land are lost for the same reason. Soil erosion in the Loess Plateau takes away 40 million tons of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium every year, which is equivalent to the annual fertilizer production in China. Water pollution accidents occur frequently. In recent years, water pollution accidents occur frequently all over the country, with an average of more than 1600 per year. 1994 Huaihe river pollution accident caused drinking water difficulties for Jiangsu and Anhui provinces1500,000 people. Following the Spring Festival of 1996, the Huaihe River once again suffered a pollution accident, which affected 700,000 people in Bengbu.