Why is Shaanxi customs culture the root of China?

Hello! Dear Baidu users, this should be explained from the aspects of history, geography and so on. Weihe River is the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the mother river of China. The Weihe River basin with Guanzhong as the center is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Weinan City is located in the widest area in the east of Guanzhong Plain, with Huanglong Mountain in the north, Qinling Mountain in the south, Shanxi Province across the river in the east, and Weihe River crossing from west to east. Weinan, as its name implies, is the area south of Weihe River. In fact, seven counties and cities in Weinan 1 1 are located in the north of Weihe River, and their population and land area account for more than 80% of Weinan. In the previous series of articles, we have learned about Hancheng, the hometown of Shi Sheng, Heyang, the capital of ceramics, Fuping, Jiacuo Pucheng, an ancient land, and Dali, the hometown of food. The next four districts and counties are Linwei District, Huaxian County, Huayin County and Tongguan County from west to east along the Weihe River.

Linwei District spans the banks of Weihe River, and is connected with Lintong District, Lantian County and yanliang district in the west. Lintong and Lantian, which once belonged to Weinan, were placed under the jurisdiction of Xi 'an on 1983 due to the adjustment of zoning. Why do you want to introduce this specifically? That is to say, the eastern part of Guanzhong, including Lintong and Lantian, actually belongs to a regional cultural unit. Around this area, there is the "creation history" of the Chinese nation, and there is the "Hua Xu country" that once haunted Xuanyuan Huangdi.

According to historical records, we know that Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor were the humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation. As for the history before the Yellow Emperor ordered Cangjie to create characters, most of them were circulated in folk stories and miscellaneous notes of later local chronicles, so they were mixed with many mythological elements, so they were often called ancient myths and legends. But we know that any nation and its civilization in the world has a process of gestation and development, and it is absolutely impossible to produce it out of thin air. So, how did Chinese civilization evolve before the Yellow Emperor era? At present, we can roughly sort out that Shennong was before Yanhuang, Fuhe Nuwa was before Shennong, Hua Xushi was before Fuhe Nuwa, Sui people were before Hua Xushi, and Pangu was before Sui people. The corresponding stories and legends are: Pangu opened the heavens and the earth, a man drilled wood to make fire, Nu Wa refined stones to make up the sky, Nu Wa hammered the loess to make man, Fu Deduced Eight Diagrams, Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, and Huangdi fought against Chiyou.

From the perspective of modern science, artificial consumption of cooked food is an important symbol to distinguish primitive humans from the animal kingdom. Suiren was probably the first clan and tribal leader to lead Chinese ancestors into this bright era. Human society started from matriarchal clan commune at the earliest, so Hua Xushi should be the earliest tribal leader of "Hua" in matriarchal clan era, and later evolved into the title of tribal leader of China. In the patriarchal clan era that began after Fu and the patriarchal society that continues to this day, besides Hua Xushi, another woman that later generations can often remember and admire is Nu Wa. It can be seen that Nu Wa should also be a particularly great tribal leader in matriarchal clan period, and later evolved into the title of outstanding woman in Flowers. There are many versions of the legend. Hua Xushi is the biological mother of Fuxi and Nu Wa, and Fuxi and Nu Wa are brother and sister, and gave birth to human beings. Or there is no obvious difference between Hua Xushi, Nu Wa and Fu Xishi in different periods. Otherwise, the time span from matriarchal clan era to paternal clan era will not be a process of only two generations. Today, the legends of "Huang Yu" and "Huang Xi" temples, shrines, mausoleums, old capitals, hometowns and relics all over China are also for the same reason. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false, and the key lies in the time sequence. Including the Tibetan, Yi, Miao, Yao, Zhuang and other regions, the worship of folk customs by Nuwa proves that Hua Xushi, Nuwa family and Fu are all the same ancestors of all ethnic groups in China.

Looking for the source of Chinese civilization

After understanding these historical backgrounds, let's go back and continue to explore the hometown of Nuwa and Fuxi, "the ancient country of Huaxu".

For the relationship between Hua Xushi and Nuwa and Fu, please refer to the following records. Taiping Yulan quoted "Poems Containing Jade Dew" as saying: "A great achievement came from Razer, and Hua Xu died with it". "Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "Hua Xu was born with the male name Fuxi and the female name Nuwa". "Notes on Shan Hai Jing Nei Jing Guo" said: "Hua Xu made meritorious service and gave birth to Fuxi". Huangfu Mi's "Emperor Century" in the Jin Dynasty said: "Emperor Tai Hao gave up his surname and changed his surname to Feng. There was a giant in the chivalrous world, and Hua Xu followed with his feet, became pregnant and gave birth to Fuxi. " In the Tang Dynasty, Li Rong's Monologue said: "At the beginning of the universe, there were only two brothers and sisters in Kunlun Mountain, and there was no one in the world. I think I am married, but I am ashamed of myself. My brother and sister immediately went to Kunlun Mountain and cursed:' If the sky is separated from my brother and sister as husband and wife, if the smoke is combined; If not, the smoke will disperse. When the smoke is near, the two will become husband and wife. "

There are many similar statements, affirming that Fu and Nu Wa's mother is Hua Xushi, and the two brothers and sisters finally got married. If this is the case, then the tidbits here should be the last leader of the matriarchal clan era of "Hua", the first queen of the matriarchal clan era of "Hua", and Fu is naturally the first leader of the matriarchal clan era of "Hua". The Chinese nation has completed the transition from the ancient and long matriarchal clan era to the paternal clan era.

So, where is the center of this "Hua Xu country"? How big is the site? The book Huaiyang Scenic Spot published in Huaiyang County, Henan Province pointed out: "The ancient country of northwest Hua Xushi was the place where Hua Xushi lived." Shaanxi Tongzhi also records: "Ximu (Hua Xushi) Tomb is located in the north of Lantian County, 35 miles away". "Lantian County Records" said: "Lantian County has Hua Xu's mausoleum, which is called' Huang San's former residence'". "Liezi of the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period" records: "The country of Hua Xushi is in the west of Hezhou and the north of Taizhou, which is tens of millions of miles away." Wang Jia of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said in Notes: "The Spring Emperor is another name for offering sacrifices. The capital is Hua Xu, where the Mother God swims, and there is a green rainbow around the Mother God. It will go out after a long time, that is, for a while, and it will be born after 12 years. "

It seems that documents from different places and different periods all point to the same place, that is, Lantian, the "country of Hua Xu" in the Weihe River Basin. Archaeological findings prove that Lantian area in Shaanxi Province has a history of human activities of 6.5438+0.3 million years, which is the cradle of human survival and reproduction. Dozens of Paleolithic sites and more than 20 Neolithic human sites have been discovered near Hua Xu Town in this county, which proves that Hua Xu Town has always been an important area for human activities. Hua Xu Mausoleum, located in Mengyan Village, Hua Xu Town, is said to be the tomb of Hua Xushi, the mother of Fuxi and Nuwa in ancient times. According to modern scientific research, many villages near Lantian still retain the marks of ancient Hua Xushi tribes to some extent, which can confirm the site. Today, there is Washi Village in the lower reaches of the Red River in Trivia Town. The Red River is called Nuwa Valley in history books. Shang Hua Village in Bailuyuan was formerly known as Nuwa Village. Near Mengyan Village, there is a village called Shiqizhai. Most people in the village think that they are descendants of members of the ancient guard of honor. Famous scholars such as Shi Xingbang, Liu Shie and Ren Yisheng Core Monument were invited to Lantian. From the perspectives of anthropology, archaeology and folklore, they made textual research on the origin of matriarchal clan, the formation of Hua Xushi ethnic group, historical inheritance and the comparison between existing relics and historical legends. Later, they thought that "the ancient country of Hua Xu" existed from the birth of Fuxi to the appearance of Yanhuang, which was equivalent to the middle and late Yangshao culture, about 4600-2700 BC.

Fuxi's home country "Huaxu Country"

In the legend of the Yellow Emperor's sleepwalking in the Kingdom of Hua Xu, more basic information about people's social life in matriarchal clan era was revealed. Liezi said that the Yellow Emperor was sleepwalking in the country of Hua Xu, and it was only natural that Hua Xu's people were not handsome in his country. Its people have no hobbies. It's natural. I don't know how to live happily, and I don't know how to die evil, so there is no sadness; I don't know my relatives, I don't know how to avoid things, so I have nothing to hate, I don't know my disobedience, I don't know my direction, so I have nothing to lose, which shows that in the primitive matriarchal society, all members of the tribe are equal and have no hobby of possession. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor absorbed some of Hua Xu's experience in governing the country, and after 28 years of governance, he achieved great governance in the world. According to relevant records, Fuxi and Nuwa were born in a cave on the second half slope of Songjia Village in Hua Xu Town, so this cave is called "Hua Xu Kiln". There is a passage in the kiln that leads directly to Hua Xu ditch, and there are Yuxian Bridge and Yusheng Bridge at the entrance of Songjia Village. Legend has it that Hua Xushi crossed the bridge when he was pregnant with Fuxi Nuwa. There is still a stone tablet in Songjiacun that records Huang San's achievements. The words "Ancient China and Guo Xu" are engraved in the middle of the monument, and the words "Fuxi was pregnant and the emperor was sleepwalking" are engraved on the left and right sides.

Hua Xushi nationality is in the period of matriarchal clan commune, and its writing has taken shape. Language takes "Hua" as the sound, representing beautiful (prosperous) things, which was interpreted as "Guanghua" in ancient times. Sui people worship the sun and the moon, so they call it "Hua", which is like fire. Because flowers, fruits, melons and vegetables all have gorgeous "brilliance", they are also called melons and fruits by their flowers, such as Shu Hua. The word "flower" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a kind of flower tree with fruit. In ancient times, Tibetans and Han people probably called "people" Xia, and the word "Xia" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins was a word of "people". "Yue Jue Shu Wu Nei Chuan" contains: "Yue people call people (Xia) also". Up to now, Zhuangdong (Baiyue) is still called "Man", and Fujian dialect is also called "Man" ("Xia"). Gu Shi, a scholar, said in Textual Research on the Origin of China that ancient Chinese characters such as Xu, Ya and Xia are interlinked, and Hua Xu is China, that is, "the man of the Kingdom of Hua Xu".

The territory of "Kingdom of Hua Xu" is not limited to Hua Xu Town in Lantian. The eastern part of Guanzhong, including Lantian, also bears the historical imprint of "Hua Xu Guo". Weinan was called "Huazhou" in ancient times, Fuping County was called "Zhonghua County", and Huashan Mountain in Xiyue was also named "Hua Xu State" because of its lotus-like shape. Continuing eastward, the place where the lower Weihe River flows eastward into the Yellow River is Tongguan County, Weinan City, which is located at the intersection of the "Yellow River Golden Triangle" of Qin, Jin and Henan. Historical relics and legends related to Nvwa 、 Fuxi are also spread all over the banks of the Yellow River inside and outside Tongguan. Fenglingdu, the intersection of the ancient Yellow River in Qin Jin, was named after the Nu Wa Mausoleum. The western end of Weihe River is located in Tianshui City, Gansu Province. Fuxi Hua Xu was born in this place.

Cultural Communication from the West to the East

From a historical point of view, with the completion of the "Dating Project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" and the official publication of Chronology of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the study of "Huang San" culture will become increasingly prominent, and a more accurate chronology of Chinese civilization will be pushed from 2070 BC to an earlier era. The Dadiwan cultural site discovered in Tianshui in the late 1950s is consistent with the legends and historical records of Fuxi clan, which is a favorable condition for finally uncovering the mystery of the origin of Chinese civilization. It can be said that through the in-depth study of Fuxi and Fuxi culture, the history of Chinese civilization will be pushed to an earlier era, perhaps 8000- 10000.

According to ancient records, Chen Cang, who was born and ruled, was born in Chen. He reigned for one hundred and fifty years until the fifteenth year. Fu originated, developed, entered Guanzhong along the Weihe River basin, left Tongguan, moved eastward to Xiaoshan, Lushan and Taihang Mountain, then turned southeast, and finally ended in Chen. The activity area is roughly consistent with the distribution area of Yangshao cultural ancient sites.

According to the introduction of China Fuxi Culture Research Association, the so-called Huaxia culture system mainly includes Yangshao culture and Longshan culture in the Central Plains. Tracing back to the source of China culture, we must look for it from Fuxi culture. At present, it is clear that in Guanlong area, the old Guantai culture, represented by the remains of the first phase of Dadiwan, has obvious inheritance relationship with Yangshao culture. The distribution area of Laoguantai culture is also the main distribution area of Yangshao culture. It shows that the old Taiwanese culture represented by Dadiwan is the ancestor and origin of Yangshao Banpo type in Weihe River Basin. Yangshao culture is named after Yangshao Village in Mianchi County, Henan Province, which was first excavated. Its distribution is centered on the Central Plains where the tributaries of the Yellow River, Wei, Fen and Luo, meet, and its age is 5000 ~ 3000 BC. Yangshao culture has gradually formed the core part of the primitive culture of the Chinese nation in the long history of two thousand years. * * Together with the surrounding culture, it laid the foundation for the formation of the cultural organism of the Chinese nation.

According to documents, Guoyu Yujinsi said: "In the past, the Shaodian family married the Insect Qiao family and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was made of water; Yan Di was made by Jiang Shui. Success is different from virtue, so the Yellow Emperor is the discipline and the Yan Emperor is the ginger. " Jiang Shui is a tributary of Weishui, located in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, and Jishui is located in the north of Shaanxi Province. It can be inferred that the birthplace of Huangdi nationality is in today's northern Shaanxi, not far from the residence of Yan Di nationality which originated in southern Shaanxi. In the Chinese cultural system, Yanhuang culture occupies an important position, its birthplace is in Guanzhong area, and it is very close to the birthplace of Fuxi culture, so it can be said that Fuxi culture is the source of Chinese culture, or the early stage of Chinese culture. According to the "Fuxi Temple Site" in the Study of Yanhuang Culture, "moved to Zhuan Xu to worship Fuxi." Shaodian worships Fuxi, known as Fuxi, the descendant of Nuwa nationality. Therefore, the development order of Chinese culture can be explained as follows: Fuxi culture-Yanhuang culture-Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yaoshun culture; The corresponding archaeological culture is the pre-Yangshao culture-Yangshao culture-Longshan culture in the Central Plains. But when academic circles talk about China culture, they usually start with Yanhuang culture (Yangshao culture), so Fuxi culture has become the source of China culture. There are many historical relics of Fuxi culture in the central plains core area of Huaxia cultural circle, that is, Guanzhong, Jinnan and Henan provinces today.

Huaxia Branch Propagation Root System "Huazhou"

"Zhi Yi Lu Outline" said: "The mother of Dahao lives in Hua Xu." Note: "Hua Xu is called Zhu in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province." Hua Xushi, Fuxi's mother, lives in Xu Zhu, Hua Xu Township, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. "Dunga Mountain Map" said: "Fuxi was born in Ji Cheng and moved to Chencang." Chencang is now Baoji, Shaanxi. Gan Long's "Lintong County Records" contains: "Li Rong's ancient Nuwa family thrives here." At the northern foot of Mount Li in Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province, there are Youwa Valley and Nuwa Village at the western foot. People in Guanzhong revered Nuwa as "the old mother of Mount Li", and now it is the old mother temple to the west of Mount Li, which was passed down as Loi Wo Temple by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Nu Wa Mausoleum, commonly known as Fengling Mausoleum, is located in the northwest of Yang Jiacun, Yuling Town, lingbao city City, Henan Province. It used to be by the river, but now it is in the middle of the river, near the junction of Tongguan County in Shaanxi and Ruicheng fenglingdu in Shanxi. However, Yuan Feng Jiu Yu Zhi said that "Nu Wa's tomb is on the floodplain of Tongguankou today" and Qing Yitong Zhi said that Fengling slope is in Fengling Township, 60 miles south of Zhou Pu, all referring to this Nu Wa Ling. "Postscript History of the Road" said: "Nuwa was originally ruled by Huang Zhong." Huang Zhong is a mistake of "Huoshan in China". In Houcun Village, Zhaocheng Town, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, there are Nuwa's "Governing the People", "Old Capital of Imperial Capital" and "Nuwa Mausoleum", and there is a large-scale and historic "Emperor Temple" in the east. Since ancient times, Huang Yu Temple in Houcun has enjoyed the same fame as Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi and Yandi Mausoleum in Hunan, and has always been a national temple enjoying the sacrifices of emperors in past dynasties. "Ancient and Modern Book Integration Professional Code" said: "When Fuxi was in ancient times, the dragon and the horse went out of the river." Today, there is Fuxitai on the south bank of the East Yellow River in Luokou Village, Heluo Town, gongyi city, Henan Province, and Fuxi Loi Wo Temple, a town in xinmi city, is also called Niangniang Temple. Fuxi, Nu Wa and Shennong are enshrined in Huang San Temple in Dengfeng City. There is Fuxi Temple on Purple Mountain in Xishui, Xingyang, and Loi Wo Temple on Baiyuling in Xishui. Huaiyang, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the eastern Henan plain. It was called "Chen" in ancient times and is known as the "old capital". As the ancient capital of Huang Xi, Huaiyang also has the famous "Fuxi Mausoleum". Huaiyang is adjacent to Xihua County in the west, and is located in Nuwa City, Sidugang Village, Niedui Township, 7.5 kilometers north of Xihua County. It is called "Nuwa Old City" or "Nuwa Capital". In addition, there are the five-color stone that fills the sky at the top of the Temple of Heaven, the main peak of the King of Wu in Jiyuan City, northern Henan Province, and the Shizu Mountain, Nuwa Mountain, Fuxi Temple, Loi Wo Temple, Ancestor Cave, Tiantai, Nuwa Cave and clay figurine field in Qinyang City. Yangshao cultural remains are mostly distributed in the above places. Documentary records, historical legends and archaeological discoveries can complement each other, indicating that this place belongs to both China ancient cultural system and Fuxi cultural circle. However, the Fuxi culture in Guanlong area has a history of nearly 8000 years since the first phase of Dadiwan, while the Fuxi culture in the Central Plains is relatively late, which basically belongs to the radiation phenomenon of Fuxi culture in Guanlong area. This shows the relationship between the spread of Fuxi culture in Guanlong and the inheritance of Chinese culture.

This further shows that the source of Central Plains culture lies in Guanlong Fuxi Nuwa culture, and the source of Guanlong Fuxi Nuwa culture lies in Hua Xu culture, that is, "the country of Hua Xu". Hua Xushi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Huazhou to the east of Guanzhong is the root of China.