What was the development history of Xiyuan in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties? It is best to have Qionghua Island, Taiye Pool and Yingzhou.

Xiyuan, located outside Xihuamen, is the Western Imperial Garden of the Yuan Dynasty. "West of Xihuamen is Xiyuan. The list is called Xiyuanmen and the entrance is Taiye Pool. " "Since the golden age, it has been called Xiyuan Taiye Pool. Famous sites such as Guanghan Temple in Qionghua Island, from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, the benefits of the garden pool change with the Buddha, but only for recreation. " In other words, Xiyuan is a place for the emperor to play, and pavilions and Taiye Pool complement each other with magnificent scenery. In the Qing Dynasty, it developed further and became a place for the emperor to summon princes and ministers and receive foreign guests, such as Dunxu Hall, Hanyuan Hall, Yingtai and Ziguangge, all of which became places for the emperor to rest and conduct state activities. Taiye Pool is today's North Sea, China Sea and South China Sea, which was excavated in the Ming Dynasty. Today, Beihai has been divided into Zhongnanhai, where the State Council is located, and xinhua gate, the Bao Yue Building in the South China Sea. The North Sea, the China Sea and the South China Sea are located on the west side of the Forbidden City and Jingshan Mountain, collectively known as the Three Seas. It was called Xiyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the existing palaces with a long history, grand scale and exquisite layout in China.

The history of the Three Seas can be traced back to the Liao Dynasty in A.D. 10, which was called Yaoyu at that time. It is a playground in the northern suburb of Nanjing, Liaoning. In the 19th year of Jin Dading (1 179), a large-scale construction was carried out at the current site of Beihai, and many exquisite detached palaces were built, first named Daning Palace and later renamed Wanning Palace. According to the Records of Jin History and Geography, "There is Daning Palace in the north of Beijing ... Wanning Palace in the second year of Ming Chang. Qiong Yuanlin has Hengcui Palace. " Ningde Palace West Garden has Ursa Major Eta Terrace, Qionghua Island and Ursa Major Eta House. It can be seen that the building scale is quite grand. At that time, the layout of the garden was generally centered on Qionghua Island, and palaces were built around the island and Haizi. Its position is equivalent to today's Beihai and Tuancheng parts. According to documents, the stone of Taihu Lake in Bianjing (Kaifeng) was demolished in the Jin Dynasty to build Qionghua Island.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Haizi and Qionghua Island in the Jin Dynasty were the major capitals, so it became a forbidden garden in the imperial city, which was called "Shangyuan". After years of operation, in Zheng Zheng for eight years (1348), the mountain was named Wanshou Mountain (also known as Wanshou Mountain) and the water was named Taiye Pool. There are many documents about Wanshou Mountain and Taiyechi in Yuan Dynasty. Tao, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote in "The Story of Falling Fields": "Long live the northwest mountain in Inner Mongolia and the sun in Taiye Pool. The golden name Qionghua Island was renovated three years after the reunification of China. Its mountains are piled with exquisite stones. Surrounded by mountains and peaks, pines and cypresses are long and melancholy, and they are beautiful. ..... There are seven Guanghan temples on the mountain. Renzhitang is halfway up the mountain and has three rooms. " In front of the mountain, the white jade stone bridge is 200 feet long and extends to the right of the Temple of Heaven. The Temple of Heaven is on a dome of Yutai Pool and is 1 1 foot long, facing the Long Live Mountain. "In the south of Yitian Temple (now Beihai and Round Castle), in the water south of Taiye Pool, there is an island named Tiantai. The whole Yutai Pool is roughly equivalent to the North Sea and the Sea of China.

The Ming Dynasty expanded the park on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty's ban, and established the scale of the Three Seas. In the early Ming Dynasty, only some buildings of Guanghan Hall, Qingshu Hall and Qionghua Island were slightly repaired. During the Tianshun period, Xiyuan was expanded on a large scale. The main projects include: opening up the South China Sea, expanding the scope of Yu Tai Pool, and completing the layout of North Sea, China Sea and South China Sea. Fill the water surface between Yitian Temple and the Forbidden City, and build the Tuancheng. Many new buildings have been added along Qionghua Island and Taiye Pool.

In the Qing Dynasty, Xiyuan was built and rebuilt. There are two important buildings: in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), the Guanghan Hall, the main building on the top of Qionghua Island, and the surrounding pavilions and pavilions were demolished, and the giant Lama Tower and Buddhist Temple were built, and the Long Live Mountain was renamed Baita Mountain. During the Qianlong period, in addition to rebuilding most buildings in Qionghua Island (Baita Mountain) in Beihai, many buildings were built in the northeast and north coast of Beihai. During the Ming Dynasty, palaces, castles and courtyards were built in Nanping Terrace in the South China Sea (now Yingtai) and the east coast of China Sea. At present, the overall pattern and garden architecture of the Three Seas were mainly completed in the Qianlong period. Although it was repaired repeatedly later, it only increased in some places.

Since the opening of the South China Sea in Ming Dynasty, the scale of the Three Seas has formed a bag-like water area, which runs through the north and south of the imperial city. The two stone bridges on the Ethereum are divided into three water surfaces: the North Sea to the north of Hongqiao, the South China Sea to the south of Wu Tong Bridge, and the China Sea between the two bridges. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty said in one of his poems, Yue Xin Dian: "The liquid pool is just a lake, and it will be divided into three seas next season." For hundreds of years, the names of Sanhai and Xiyuan have been used together; The Sea of China and the South China Sea are closely related, and are usually collectively referred to as Zhongnanhai.

The overall layout of the Three Seas inherits the tradition of ancient gardening art in China: the islands are arranged in the water, connected with the shore by bridges, and the buildings and scenic spots are arranged on the islands and along the coast. The whole park covers an area of more than 2,500 mu (1 mu is 666.66 m2), and the water surface accounts for more than half, so the landscape is relatively open. Qiongdao stands in the north, Yingtai faces south, and the long bridge lies like a rainbow. The rocks and buildings on the island set off against each other to form a whole. Many scenic spots are patchwork and densely interspersed among them.

The main scenery of Beihai is concentrated in Baita Mountain. There are White Pagoda, Anji, Qingxiaolou, Tang Yilan, Drum Tower and many rockeries, caves, cloisters, winding paths and other buildings on Qiongdao, including the "Qiongdao Chunyin" stone tablet, one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing mentioned by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, and the bronze statue of Ganlu Fairy imitating Zhang Jian Palace of Han Dynasty. On the northeast bank of Beihai, there are gardens and Buddhist temples such as Huafangzhai, Haopujian, Jingqingzhai, Tianwang Hall, Wulong Pavilion and Xiaoxitian. To the south is Tuancheng, which is located by the water. Among the pines and cypresses in the city, there is a large-scale and exquisite Chengguang Hall.

The main scenic spots in China Sea are Ziguangge, Bajiao Garden and Shuiyunxie in isolated water. This pavilion was originally the former site of the Tiantai of Taiye Pool in Yuan Dynasty, and there is still the monument of "Taiye Autumn Wind", one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing mentioned by Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.

The main scenery of the South China Sea is Yingtai, which is a water island scenic spot composed of a group of temples, pavilions and rockeries. Important buildings include Xiangluan Pavilion, Hanyuan Hall, Xiangyi Hall, Zaoyun Building, Daiyue Pavilion and Yingxun Pavilion. The existing stone bridge in Yingtai East reaches the shore. In addition, there are Fengze Garden and Jinggu in Zhongnanhai, both of which are gardens in the garden, especially the rockery with lake stones in Jinggu.

The artistic value of the Three Seas is first-class in the existing ancient gardens in China. Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, it has been running continuously for 1000 years, with rich historical documents, most of which still have traces to be found. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the layout of buildings, rocks and gardens was still basically intact (only Zhongnanhai changed greatly), which was rare in other palaces and even private gardens. The remains of Genyue in Qionghua Island in the Jin Dynasty, the giant jade urn in Guanghan Hall in the Yuan Dynasty, Tuancheng in the Ming Dynasty, and pines and cypresses with a tree age of 8900 are all valuable witnesses to the development history of Beijing. The gardening art of Sanhai inherits the traditional gardening skills of China, and develops and innovates. There is a garden in the garden, and the layout techniques such as borrowing scenery inside and outside have been skillfully used. In addition to cypress and pine trees, there are many kinds of flowers and trees planted in the park, such as shore willow, pond lotus, begonia, peony, plantain, bamboo, kudzu root, radish and famous flowers and fruits. These flowers and trees are combined with rockery Chi Pan and attic platform to form a landscape, which embodies the artistic level of China gardens.