Dongfang mingcheng cape of good hope property

Author: During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Jin Manlou, in order to clarify the "etiquette dispute" related to the Holy See, French missionary Ai Yue Se was entrusted by Emperor Kangxi to go to Rome again. At that time, was ordered to accompany him, and China priest Shou-Li Fan. Shou-Li Fan, 1682 was born in Pingyang, Shanxi province, 1707 (in the 46th year of Kangxi) was 25 years old when he went to Europe with Ai Ruose. After that, they set sail from Macao, passed through Southeast Asian countries, crossed the Indian Ocean and arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, where they were summoned by King Joao V of Portugal. Joseph and Shou-Li Fan stayed in Lisbon for several months and then went to Italy via the Strait of Gibraltar. In the spring of A.D. 1709, they arrived in Rome to meet Pope Kermian Xi. During this process, Iris and Shou-Li Fan presented Emperor Kangxi's wishes about Doro's coming to China, Chinese etiquette and western education affairs to the Pope. After that, Shou-Li Fan stayed in Italy for 9 years, studied in Turin and Rome, and traveled all over Italy. 17 18, the Pope summoned Ai Ruose and Shou-Li Fan after receiving the calligraphy written by Emperor Kangxi, and sent them back to China, saying that "another envoy will be sent to tell Emperor China one by one". Later, Shou-Li Fan returned to the East with Iris, and was once again received by the king when passing through Portugal, and was given 120 gold. Unfortunately, Aroser died on his way to India through the Cape of Good Hope. At that time, a sailor proposed to bury the body at sea according to tradition, but this move was resolutely opposed by Shou-Li Fan. After that, Shou-Li Fan escorted the teacher's body all the way back to China to accept the Christian funeral in the holy land. On June 13, Shou-Li Fan arrived in Guangzhou, and was summoned to Jehol on September 1 1 to report relevant matters to Emperor Kangxi. During Fan Shouyi's reporting in Beijing, the French missionary Fu Shengze mentioned above was allowed to return to Europe. Afterwards, Fan Shouyi wrote "Personal Record", describing the experience of going to Europe this time. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1735), Shou-Li Fan died at the age of 53. Coincidentally, Fa Xian, the earliest monk who went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty, was also from Pingyang, Shanxi. The latter wrote Tales of the Buddhist Kingdom, which is in contrast with Fan Shouyi's Seeing the Style and has special historical significance. After falling in love with Shou-Li Fan, French missionary Bu Risheng also went to Europe with two young Beijingers Yang, Gao Lisi and a young man named Chen in 175 1 (during the Qianlong period). Previously, Yang Hegao studied Latin and Christianity for four years under the guidance of French Jesuit Benoit. 1752 In July, after a year's journey, a group of people arrived in France and began to study systematically. During this period, they studied French for three years, and then entered a primary school founded by Jesuits. After completing their studies, they entered the theological seminary founded by the Paris Embassy for further study. 1763, Yang and Gao Leisi, who graduated from the school, were both ordained priests. When Yang and Gao Lisi were studying in Paris, there was an endless stream of tourists in Paris, and most of them were discussing China. For example, French sinologists De Jing and Autre have discussed this kind of problem with them. In addition, Durge, the representative of the French physiocracy school, is also closely related to them. When they were about to return to China, Durge asked them 52 specific questions and asked them to answer after investigation and study. These 52 questions can be roughly divided into four categories: first, 30 articles on wealth, land distribution, farming and other issues; Second, articles on paper-making, printing, fabric and other technical issues * * *15; Third, four topics of natural history, geology, clay, paper, ink and tea. Fourth, there are three historical issues. In addition, Durge also specially presented them with a batch of books, including French biologist Buffon's Natural History and other scientific masterpieces. In addition, French Cabinet Minister Bertain sent a 22-page letter to Gauss and Yang, hoping that they could provide the following information about China: First, public law, including history, religion and politics; The second is private law, mainly about the law and society of China; The third is about various manufacturing processes and technologies. In contrast, Bertin attached three materials to them, introducing the European views on these issues. 1765 65438+ 10, Koreas and Yang Qicheng returned to China and went to France to present binoculars, microscopes and some travel expenses. In June 5438+the following year 10, Gao and Yang arrived in Beijing. In view of the above problems, Gao Lisi and Yang sent letters and articles successively, and published their answers on the topics of "The China Problem of Two China People" and "Investigation on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth", which became important works of the French physiocratic school. It is worth mentioning that in Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", many viewpoints come from the school of harmony and agriculture. In an indirect sense, this also includes the contributions of Galbraith and Yang.