Basic management papers require 800- 1500 words. Thank you.

First of all, from the geographical environment of the Chinese nation. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has survived and thrived in the natural environment of warm and humid climate, criss-crossing rivers and vast and rich land, and engaged in agricultural production activities of single planting. Suitable climatic conditions such as temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone, sufficient irrigation water sources such as Yangtze River, Yellow River and Huaihe River, and fertile river alluvial plain on vast land are all very beneficial to people's agricultural production. Under such living conditions, the ancient ancestors of China "worked at sunrise and rested at sunset". For a long time, they lived a closed and self-sufficient life of "the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other and die of old age." They are used to living happily, maintaining their position, advocating a harmonious, stable, peaceful and slow lifestyle, preferring the golden mean in life and advocating modesty of "gentleness, respect and frugality". The long-term influence of this small-scale peasant economy has formed the small-scale peasant consciousness of China ancient management group in management thought, which is a vivid portrayal of this thought.

Secondly, from the patriarchal clan system. In ancient China, there was a patriarchal clan system linked by blood for a long time. Strong clan cohesion and patriarchal centralized autocracy have firmly linked all members of society through the same customs, psychological states and behavioral norms, thus forming the tradition that China emphasizes "rule by man" rather than "rule by law" and "nepotism rather than legal restraint" in management thought. The whole society is like a huge network, which will make everyone. As a plate or a link, no one can escape. Due to the influence of patriarchal clan system, China's ancient management thought has distinct absolutism and hierarchy, as well as unbreakable blood relationship and psychological integration and cohesion.

The third is the influence of Confucianism and Taoism. Confucianism and Taoism is the traditional culture with the most China cultural characteristics, which has the most profound, lasting and decisive influence on China's ancient management thought. Confucianism and Taoism, as two ideological systems with different values, different ways of thinking and different psychological modes, have stimulated, influenced and absorbed each other in the whole process of the integration and evolution of Chinese national spirit and national culture, and * * * has become the mainstream of China traditional culture, at the same time, two different management thoughts have been derived. Confucianism advocates the attitude of "actively joining the WTO", the spirit of struggle of "natural health, self-improvement of gentlemen" in personal pursuit, "respect for things, knowing and doing, honesty" in cognition and personal cultivation, and the convergence of personal struggle with family and national interests in the coordinated development of individuals and countries, with the ultimate goal of achieving the harmony of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world". Compared with Confucianism, Taoism tends to be quiet and adopts a management thought of "passive seclusion". It advocates that everything is in harmony with the world, let nature take its course, that everything is detached from the world, that it is willing to be lonely and retire, and that it pursues "inaction" in the process of "inaction". In the long-term integration, exchange and mutual promotion between Confucianism and Taoism, it is easy for China people to find the fulcrum of ideological and psychological balance, whether they are proud or frustrated. Therefore, under the influence of Confucianism and Taoism, China's ancient management thought not only has the active pursuit of joining the WTO, that is, "being poor will help the world", "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", but also has the passive hermit thought of hiding in the mountains and avoiding the taoyuan for self-entertainment when encountering difficulties and setbacks, which provides great space for ancient China people to contact with contingency, thus enabling China people to live in whatever state.

In ancient China, many thinkers had rich management ideas. Among them, the management thoughts of Lao Zi, Confucius, Shang Yang, Mencius, Sun Zi and Guan Zi are the most representative.

Laozi was the founder of Taoism in the pre-Qin period. In his ideological system, there are not only profound philosophical thoughts, but also social and state management thoughts involving politics, economy, culture and military affairs. Many thoughts, such as "Tao is natural" and "governing by doing nothing", have had a far-reaching impact on the development of Chinese and foreign management thoughts.

As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius' thought of ruling by virtue with benevolence as the core, propriety as the criterion and harmony as the goal is the essence of his management thought, which has become the mainstream of China's traditional thought.

Mencius is a direct descendant of Confucius' thought and the most important representative of Confucian school after Confucius. He is honored as "Asian sage" by later generations and can be called the ideological and cultural giant of the Chinese nation. Mencius' management thought is an important part of Mencius' ideological system. His view of human nature, the management principle of "benevolent government" and the thought of "keeping fit and keeping the family in harmony" have made important contributions to the perfection and development of China's management thought.

Sun Tzu was a famous strategist in ancient China, and his military thoughts and management thoughts were mainly reflected in his masterpiece The Art of War. Many foreign university teachers, students and entrepreneurs study the Art of War as a management work. The ideas of "defeat the enemy without fighting", "go all out to attack the enemy", "attack the enemy by surprise" and "protect the people" are still used by managers.

Guan Zi was an outstanding politician, strategist and thinker in ancient China. He assisted Qi Huangong for 40 years, and made outstanding achievements, making Qiang Bing a rich country and helping Qi Huangong realize the ideal of dominating vassals. Many of his management thoughts, such as "people-oriented" thought, "keeping pace with the times" development and innovation spirit, and the employment standard of paying equal attention to both ability and political integrity, all embody eternal wisdom.

From the study of China's rich management practices and famous management thoughts in ancient times, we can proudly say that China's ancient management thoughts are profound and inexhaustible. It has not only become a source of wisdom that nourishes the vigorous development of the Chinese nation, but also been developed and utilized by people of insight all over the world. We have the responsibility to explore and use him and make contributions to his development.

The basic feature of China's ancient management thought is the result of summarizing, refining and synthesizing the management thought of China's ancient thinkers. Although today's generalization is inevitably limited, with the help of existing data, we can still find that it has the characteristics of * * *.

First, people are the focus of management.

Second, take organization and division of labor as the basis of management.

Third, emphasize the idea of governing the country with agriculture as the foundation and business as the end.

Fourthly, it highlights the value of righteousness and affection in management.

Fifth, we appreciate the strategy of achieving management objectives.

Sixth, take the golden mean as the benchmark of management behavior.

Seventh, it takes seeking common ground as an important value of management, with only more than 2,000 words.

From a macro point of view, China's ancient management thought can be roughly divided into three parts: governing the country, governing life and governing the body. Governing the country is mainly an activity to deal with the management relationship between the whole society and the country, that is, the "way of governing the country." It is the basic thought and guiding ideology of governing the whole country and society, and it is the knowledge of administration, military affairs, personnel, production, market, land system, currency, finance and taxation, and water transportation. Management students are gradually accumulated on the basis of production development and economic operation through the practice of officials and people, including management knowledge in agriculture and sideline, handicrafts, transportation, construction engineering, market operation and so on; Governance is mainly to study strategies, choose people, select people, encourage, cultivate one's morality, public relations, games, rewards and punishments, etc. These three parts of management thought can also be subdivided into the following five aspects:

First, the "people-oriented" management thinking

The idea of "people-oriented" was first put forward by Guan Zhong, a politician in China. Its original intention is that only by solving the problem of good people can we achieve the goal of "consolidating the foundation and strengthening the country", and China's traditional people-oriented thought is basically passed down along this line. Ancient thinkers in China made a thorough study of human behavior. For example, about the laws of human behavior. Kong Wu put forward that "the principle of human feelings cannot be ignored." In management, we should pay attention to studying people's laws, satisfy people's desires according to certain laws, and do things that are in line with objective reality. On giving full play to people's subjective initiative, Xun Kuang put forward the view that "the weather is sometimes, the land is rich, and people are governed", emphasizing that people have the means to master the weather and make use of the geographical position. It would be foolish to give up human efforts and expect the gift of heaven and earth. On reward and punishment. It is believed that rewards should be used to encourage people's spirit and behavior of not being afraid of sacrifice and contributing to the country, and punishment should be used to make people who do bad things afraid and restrained. On the thought of group behavior and organizational behavior, Xunzi pointed out: "People can't live without groups. If a group does not split, it will struggle, and the struggle will be chaotic. " Here, Xunzi advocated collective behavior. He believes that group is one of human nature, and people can't live without group. In a word, in ancient China, people-centered group relations were emphasized, including family, neighborhood, society, country and even nature. It advocates not individualism, but responsibility to a larger entity.

The second is the management thought of "correcting yourself first"

China ancient management emphasized the importance of leaders' moral quality, and advocated the management methods of "moral education" and "correcting oneself". "If you are right and don't ask others, you have no complaints." "Honest, not just sui generis, so it is successful. Be yourself and be kind; You will know when you have done it. " It refers to correcting yourself and others and achieving property for yourself. From the perspective of management, the best management behavior should be based on two-way constraints, which not only constrain others' behavior to make it correct, but also regulate their own behavior. The sages believed that "righteousness" was the premise of "standing". You can't talk honestly if you can't even be honest with yourself. The essence of China's ancient management thought is "the way to be human, the way to be human".