The story of modern information dissemination

Marathon is the place name of ancient Greece, located 30 kilometers northeast of Athens. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and the sea in the east. In 490 BC, the Persian Expeditionary Force invaded Greece. After the news of marathon deployment reached Athens, Athens sent a messenger named Peripides to Sparta for help. This letter covered 150 km from Athens to Sparta in 35 hours. However, the Spartans replied that they could not send troops before the full moon. This will take about 10 days. At this point, the Athenians had to fight alone. Instead, they defeated the Persians with fewer victories. The messenger named Pelipides, with the good news of victory, ran from the marathon to the central square of Athens (the running distance was 42. 195 km) and shouted to the citizens of Athens: "We won! Celebrate! " Immediately fell to the ground and died. The "Marathon Run" was set up to commemorate this event.

beacon tower

Legend has it that after the Great Wall was repaired, it stood across the land of China like a giant dragon. The conference semifinals, who often invaded the Central Plains, were kept out of the city walls and never dared to invade again. In this way, the border was peaceful for several years. In fact, the enemy did not stop the plot to invade the Central Plains. One night this year, the sky was gloomy like a monster, and I couldn't see my fingers. Soon, there was thunder and lightning and heavy rain. Tens of thousands of Xiongnu soldiers, led by General Shan Wu, reached the edge of the Great Wall. They built a ladder and climbed up the city quietly. Because of the heavy rain, the people on sentry duty in the city heard nothing. Later, a flash of lightning shone brightly on the earth, and the sentry found someone sneak attack. The sentry knocked on the bangzi to call the police. The sentry heard it at the next stop and knocked on the bangzi to pass it on. But that night, it rained cats and dogs, thunder and lightning, and there was no sound of clapping! Later, the sentry on guard was killed by Xiongnu. Xiongnu touched the Great Wall, opened the gate, and let tens of thousands of soldiers enter, and the northern border was in an emergency.

As soon as the news reached the palace, Qin Shihuang sent troops to resist. The man leading the army is General Yuan Mu. Yuan Mu led the soldiers forward day and night. In Shandong, I met Xiongnu soldiers who invaded the Central Plains. After the war, the two sides were at daggers drawn. When Yuan Mu saw that it was useless, he used a plan. He first asked some people to dig some big pits on the road, then disguised himself, prepared a lot of dry wood and put it on a steep terrain. A few days later, the two armies met and Yuan Mu pretended to be defeated. He turned his head and ran away with the soldiers. Wu Shan saw that the Han people couldn't stop him, so he urged the horse to catch up and take the capital directly. Xiongnu's military forces ran very fast, and they soon saw Yuan Mu's team. Suddenly, there was a howl, and a title of generals in ancient times in front fell into a trap. Suddenly, there were lamas and rescuers. Yuan Mu saw, immediately killed a comeback. According to the plan, he blew all the single straight teams to the dangerous terrain, and the Xiongnu military forces were burned by the fire, one dead and one injured. Finally, the defeated Xiongnu soldiers had to surrender.

Later, Yuan Mu summed up the lessons of the Great Wall. He said to Qin Shihuang, "Although the Great Wall is strong, a sentry sounds the alarm every half an hour, which is slow. When the wind and rain are submerged, the Great Wall of Wan Li is equivalent to nothingness. " After Qin Shihuang listened, the boss was unhappy. He said deliberately, "Well, you're right. So, what do you think? " Before Yuan Mu could speak, Qin Shihuang said, "I think this matter is left to you! If this happens again in the future, I will ask you. " In this way, Qin Shihuang stopped Yuan Mu. After all, he was a military commander and knew nothing about civil engineering. He wants to give these reports to the emperor and ask him to send someone to solve them. I didn't expect Qin Shihuang to give it all to himself. What shall we do? The emperor said good words. Who dares to disobey them? Yuan Mu think helpless, just crustily skin of head agreed.

After returning home, Yuan Mu began to think hard about how to make the alarm quickly spread to the company commanders. He couldn't think of a good way to think about it. One day, it was raining in Mao Mao, and Yuan Mu walked along the Great Wall absently, not knowing that the whole day was coming to an end. He leaned against the battlements and looked into the distance. Suddenly, his eyes lit up, and he saw a distant village cooking, plumes of smoke rising into the sky. It's raining and the smoke is rising. He had a brainwave and thought, "This village is dozens of miles away from here, and every wisp of smoke can be seen so clearly. Can you call the police if there is smoke? "

So Yuan Mu built a beacon tower on the Great Wall, which was equipped with dry wood and kindling. After the beacon was repaired, Yuan Mu tried it once, and it really worked. If there is a situation in a place, it won't be long before the company commanders will see the signal and send troops immediately. Since the beacon tower was built on the Great Wall, it has become more magnificent. How dare those conference semifinals try again? So since then, the border has stopped.

beacon-fire

In ancient China, in order to transmit military information, people used to set up beacon towers to transmit information with fire and smoke. The beacon tower burns wolf dung during the day and lights firewood at night. Legend has it that when burning wolf dung, a lot of smoke goes straight into the blue sky, which is easier to be found than daytime fire, so bonfires are sometimes called wolf smoke. Found the enemy lit a bonfire, spread from Taiwan Province to Taiwan Province, spread to the barracks. More than 2,700 years ago, the bonfire early warning system in China during the Zhou Dynasty was very complete.

Running a marathon is telling.

In ancient times when transportation and communication were underdeveloped, people had to rely on two legs or ride horses to transmit information. The marathon was set up to commemorate a hero who died more than 2,000 years ago and deliver good news. In 490 BC, the Greek army repelled the invasion of Persian King Darius I in Marathon Plain. Fidel Pitts, the messenger, ran from marathon to Athens, the capital, and reported the good news in one breath. When he ran 42.6438+095 kilometers, he rushed to Athens Square to finish the good news and fell to the ground exhausted and died. In order to commemorate the heroic deeds of this soldier, the distance he ran was listed as a long-distance running event at the first Olympic Games in the world in 1896.

Send information through the post office

The invention of writing promoted people's communication, and communication began from now on. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China set up a special post station to deliver official documents, and rode the official documents from the post station to the post station. At the same time, a relatively complete post station system was established, which realized fast and accurate communication. After the Qin dynasty unified the six countries, the information transmission system of the post station was determined as the administrative organization of the country. Postal service transmits information at a speed of about15km per hour to realize long-distance communication. It was already fast at that time.

Pigeons and monkeys

In order to transmit information, ancient people also came up with many strange methods, such as drift bottles, signal trees, homing pigeons, monkeys and so on.

In Bekasa, Nigeria, people use monkeys to deliver letters. People keep the mother monkey and the son monkey in two places respectively, and often take the mother monkey to find the son monkey to let the mother monkey know the route. When people need to communicate, they put the letter in a bamboo tube and tie it to the mother monkey, so that she can go out and look for the baby monkey. The mother monkey can always deliver the letter to her destination.

Carrier pigeons have been an effective information transmission tool since ancient times. In today's highly developed communication technology, homing pigeons still have their own place. In war, communication is crucial. However, once a nuclear war breaks out, the strong electromagnetic radiation generated by the nuclear explosion will paralyze all kinds of existing electronic communication systems, but homing pigeons can still fly freely. The Swiss army trained and bred homing pigeons that can throw books in two directions. These homing pigeons no longer deliver traditional letters, but carry computer chips in capsules, and the password information in them can only be read on special equipment, which is extremely confidential. Carrier pigeons may even become special signalmen.

The emergence of the post office

It is generally believed that the post office was established by King cyrus the great of Persia. Ju Lushi ruled a huge empire, and the delivery of letters and information by messengers could no longer meet the needs of the empire. To this end, he established a postal management department composed of many post stations, which was the earliest post office. These stations are separated by a certain distance and are responsible for taking care of the post horses that run one stop every day.

China had a postal system long ago, and it was basically perfect in the Tang Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty also rectified the system of post stations connecting the East and the West.

In 3 1 year BC, during the reign of Augustus, the Romans modeled such institutions and established public post stations. The station is equipped with post horses that feed grass and guest rooms for past officials.

In the Middle Ages, Romanesque post offices disappeared and monasteries spread all over Europe. The communication between monasteries is carried out by using parchment scrolls called "sacrificial coffins". The first monastery wrote their rumors on the scroll, and when they arrived at the monastery, coupled with their rumors, the scroll became longer and longer. For example, the scroll conveying the death of the abbot of St. Hueros is 9.5 meters long and 0.25 meters wide. People call it the Monk Post Office.

Qing Post Office was founded in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty (1862- 1875), and it was one of the thirteen post offices in Shanghai in Qing Dynasty. It has gone through different stages, such as private letter bureau, foreign post office, newspaper office, customs post office and Daqing post office. At present, it is the only remaining post office site of Qing Dynasty in East China, and it is also the epitome of modern postal history in China.

1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), Yantai "Huayang Letters Library" set up a branch in Zhoucun, which was the predecessor of Zibo Post Office in Qing dynasty. /kloc-at the end of 0/900, Zhoucun Daqing Post Office opened. 1902 set up Boshan second-class Daqing post office, with two agencies and five mail counters in Badou and Xiye Street, including 2 village posts, 2 Yishui and Wangzhuang posts, and 4 Laiwu and Taian posts. On 1904, postal agencies were set up in pharmacies in Guang Shun, Xiguan, Linzi and Jiankangtang. The following year, Huantai set up third-class post offices and sub-offices in Zhangdian and Suozhen. Zhangdian Daqing Post Sub-office is located in Dongsi Street, Zhangdian Street, and handles letters and remittance business for merchants. Shizhou Village, Zichuan, Xincheng (Huantai) Town, Zhangdian and other bureaus belong to Jinan General Administration, while Boshan, Linzi, Jinling and He Zi belong to Qingzhou General Administration.

After the Revolution of 1911, "Qing Post Office" was renamed "Zhonghua Post Office". The post office is divided into four levels: postman, postman, postman and bureau clerk. The original Zhangdian Daqing Post Office moved to Nanbei Street.