Seepage prevention supervision of building construction?

What is the specific content of anti-leakage supervision of building construction? Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions below.

In building engineering, leakage is a common quality problem, especially for buildings that have been delivered for use. If there is leakage problem, it will affect its use function and cause great difficulties to property management and maintenance. Therefore, the prevention and control of leakage is not only the focus of quality control of construction units, but also the focus of supervision work.

The parts where houses are prone to leakage are in building construction projects, and leakage often occurs in the following parts: ① Roof, mainly concentrated in the flooded parts such as gables and parapets, gutter, gutter and gutter, deformation joints, pipe edges extending out of the roof, roof panels, etc. (2) bathroom pipes and floors; ③ Exterior wall; ④ Basement.

Cause analysis of house leakage. The leakage of the flooded parts of gables and parapets corresponds to the indoor seepage position, and the cracks connecting the flooded parts of gables, parapets and reinforced concrete roof panels are easy to find on the roof.

Cracks are parallel to the roof, and there are two main reasons for water seepage:

① Material: Gables and parapets are brick masonry, and roof panels are reinforced concrete slabs. The difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the two materials is nearly twice. At the same temperature, due to the different deformation values of brick masonry and concrete, cracks are easy to occur at the joint, which destroys the waterproof of this part and leads to rainwater infiltrating into the room along the cracks.

② Construction: The joint of gables, parapets and roof panels is generally required to be flooded, and the waterproof layer should be constructed according to the flooding node. However, in specific projects, it is often found that construction workers do not do as required. For example, the waterproof layer at the joint between gable and parapet is not made into a circular arc, and some waterproof layers at the joint are not in place, and some are not tightly embedded, which often leads to cracks and water seepage.

Leakage of gutter, eaves gutter and eaves gutter It is often found that the longitudinal slope of gutter and eaves gutter is too small, and some even have the phenomenon of inverted slope, and some eaves gutter is higher than the surface of eaves gutter, which makes the drainage of gutter and eaves gutter not smooth or accumulate water, thus causing water seepage. In addition, during the construction, the short pipe of the downspout is not close to the base, the downspout is not sealed with sealing material, and an additional layer is added when the waterproof layer is made, so water seepage occurs.

Once the deformation joint leaks water, there will be a large area of water seepage on the ceiling and wall in the room. The most common seepage is the deformation joint of iron roof, because some galvanized iron roofs fail to lap along the running water direction or the interface is not welded firmly; Some top covers are not firmly fixed; Some of them are crushed or deformed by piling up sundries. There are still a few deformation joints leaking because the waterproof coiled material is not broken and cracked; Some of them are not covered with dry-laid coils, or they are added but do not meet the specified requirements; Or no additional layer.

Leakage of roof pipes often occurs in the exhaust pipes of bathrooms, insulation layers and kitchens. During inspection and maintenance, it is often found that the joints around the pipeline are mostly filled with cement mortar, without sealing waterproof material, and the cement mortar is not full; The waterproof layer and other structural layers are made under the condition of improper treatment at the grass-roots level, and cracks appear at the joint between the structural layer and the pipe wall, forming a rainwater leakage channel.

It is difficult to find the cause of roof leakage, and the real cause can only be found by digging it out during maintenance. From the actual situation, although there are structural cracks, loose structure, failure of waterproof materials and other reasons, most of them are caused by the failure to handle the relationship between roof waterproof layer and insulation layer.

Water seepage in toilet is mainly caused by construction and materials, which leads to quality problems at the joint between floor drain and drain pipe of sanitary ware, such as urinal, floor drain, water supply switch and faucet. Drainage riser is not embedded. Waterproof casing: When the "blank" bathroom was renovated, the buried pipe was damaged by drilling; The quality of plastic or aluminum-plastic composite pipe used is poor.

Exterior wall plastering, especially hollow brick plastering, is mainly because the bottom plastering is neglected. Leakage at the interface between aluminum alloy window and wall is mainly caused by the manufacturer sticking plastic film on the window frame to protect aluminum alloy, which inevitably leads to a gap between the window frame and the window hole. Once it rains, the rain will enter the wall along the gap and accumulate, resulting in the wall under the windowsill being wet for several days, which seriously affects the indoor beauty and use.

Basement leakage is mainly caused by the following reasons:

Waterproof concrete construction quality is poor, the preparation is inaccurate, and water is added at will during construction:

The sand and gravel in concrete mixture contains a lot of mud or impurities, which leads to poor compactness of concrete and honeycomb, pits and holes. Poor curing of concrete, serious early water loss or freezing;

The detailed structural design of construction joints, deformation joints, through-wall pipes, etc. is unreasonable, and weak parts such as through-wall pipes, deformation joints and post-pouring belts are not provided with additional layers or water stops as required.

Prevention and control measures and key points of supervision From the analysis of the above leakage phenomena and causes, leakage involves all links such as materials, design and TSn management, so its prevention and control must also be comprehensive prevention and control in the whole construction process.

Preventing roof leakage and strengthening construction quality management of roof structure layer. During the construction of roof structure, inspection and acceptance must be carried out according to the working procedure, and the inspection and acceptance records should be kept and filed. In order to change the previous practice of relying only on team self-inspection, the supervision engineer and the technical director of the construction unit should attend and sign the sub-item acceptance.

For gables and parapets, it is suggested to strengthen the Rachel between the roof and gables and parapets in structure and increase Rachel bars.

The leakage of gutter, eaves gutter and deformation joint is caused by different reasons, but there are also similarities, such as the slope is too small and the convergence is not dense. Therefore, it is suggested that the construction of gutter, eaves gutter and deformation joint should appropriately increase its slope%), and additional layers should be laid when making waterproof layer, and sealing materials should be used to plug and converge.

If there is pipeline leakage on the roof, besides making circular arcs and high platforms as required, the drainage situation should be checked first, and then the waterproof layer should be made, and attention should be paid to flooding.

For reinforced concrete roofs, in order to prevent leakage, we should mainly pay attention to the vibrating compaction of concrete. Secondly, construction joints should be prevented during construction. For the planned construction joints, the construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the procedures and steps specified in the specification. After the completion of the roof structure, the supervision engineer and the construction unit shall jointly carry out water leakage inspection. If water leakage is found, it is necessary to find out the location, and the roof plastering and waterproof layer construction can be carried out only after the treatment is qualified and signed, so as to form the structural waterproof layer. In order to prevent the roof from cracking, attention should be paid to whether the deformation joints set in the design are reasonable and sufficient when the blue prints.the design.

In short, the prevention of roof leakage should start with the blue prints.the design. Only by structural inspection, acceptance of roof leveling layer, layered acceptance of waterproof layer construction and acceptance of insulation layer, and inspection and signature of each working procedure can roof leakage be effectively eliminated.

To prevent the leakage of toilet pipes and floors, we must first do a good job of sealing the samples and spare parts, that is, strengthen the sample inspection during the construction process. In order to prevent the leakage of floor drain pipes and urinals, the sealing of sewer pipes passing through the floor should be checked as a process, and ground construction is allowed only after passing the inspection. For squatting toilets, in addition to checking the blockage of sewer pipes, it is also necessary to test the water to check whether the structure leaks, and installation is not allowed until there is no leakage at the seal of the structure and pipes. In this way, even if the toilet is broken or the interface leaks, it will not affect the residents downstairs.

Preventing leakage of external wall For the holes left in the external wall construction, the top of the infilled wall and the vertical joints of the hollow brick external wall, firstly, the holes should be plugged and the joints should be checked and accepted as a process, and plastering should be carried out after being qualified. There are two ways to plaster the wall. The first way is 1: 3 cement mortar; The second time: 2 cement mortar (all with fine sand as aggregate). The interval between two stickers is 2 ~ 3d. The interval is too short, and the base mortar has not shrunk, which will affect the effect.

In order to prevent crevice water from infiltrating into the wall or room, before installing the aluminum alloy window frame, apply 1:2.5 thick cement waterproof mortar on both sides of the window sill and window opening, and find the slope outward, and then install the window frame after the supervision engineer checks and visas. In this way, the practice of changing ex post inspection into ex post inspection and acceptance can achieve good results.

To prevent concrete leakage in the basement, stir it in strict proportion and mix it evenly; Put an end to adding water at will during construction; Strictly control the quality of raw materials Construction joints, deformation joints, through-wall pipes and other parts should be constructed in strict accordance with the construction technology. The quality of basement waterproofing construction is mainly controlled by working procedures, and each sub-item should be inspected in several working procedures.

Conclusion To sum up, the causes of house leakage are complicated, and there are many links, which are interlocking. As long as one of the links is not handled properly and there is a problem, it may lead to the leakage of the house. Therefore, the problem of house leakage should be paid enough attention by the supervisor. Supervision should seriously study and discuss, do a good job in all aspects of design, construction and management, and effectively improve the quality of construction projects. At the same time, actively adopt and popularize scientific and advanced construction technologies and new materials, and do a good job in building leakage prevention supervision.

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