Seek the translation of Maurice's famous works

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, under the influence of Ruskin Morris, a famous British social activist, "Artists and craftsmen can only design and manufacture handicrafts with aesthetic quality for the public", many similar handicraft production institutions appeared in Britain. From 65438 to 0888, a group of British artists and technicians formed the British Arts and Crafts Exhibition Association, which held international exhibitions regularly and published the magazine Art Studio. Ruskin-Morris's thought of arts and crafts spread widely and influenced European and American countries. This is the so-called British arts and crafts movement.

However, due to people's lack of understanding of industrialization in the early days of the industrial revolution and the prevailing romantic cultural trend in Britain at that time, the representatives of British arts and crafts always stood on the opposite side of industrial production. In the 20th century, British arts and crafts turned to formalistic art decoration, pursuing superficial effects. As a result, the design revolution in Britain failed to develop smoothly, but fell behind other countries with later industrial revolution. However, some countries in Europe and America were inspired by the British arts and crafts movement and learned from its shortcomings, so they designed it; The development and evolution of thought is faster than that of Britain, and it comes from behind.

Arts and Crafts Movement:/kloc-a school of art that appeared in Britain after the middle of the 9th century. It opposes emerging machine products. In architecture, it advocates romantic "pastoral style" to resist the destruction of human art by machine industry, and at the same time tries to get rid of the shackles of classical architectural forms.

The representative buildings of arts and crafts movement are: Morris Red House designed by Webb in the United States and gamble House designed by gamble Brothers.

After the "Red House" was completed, Morris and several friends set up their own office-"Morris Office" to design products and organize production. This is the beginning of many arts and crafts design guilds in Britain in the second half of the19th century. Although Morris has designed furniture with others, he is mainly a graphic designer, that is, engaged in the design of fabrics, wallpaper, tiles, carpets, colored mosaic glass and so on. In addition, he has also made outstanding achievements in printing and book binding design. He pays special attention to the layout, emphasizing the decoration of the layout, and usually adopts a symmetrical structure to form a rigorous, simple and solemn style. Most of his designs are based on plants, which are quite natural and reflect a medieval pastoral flavor. This is the concrete embodiment of Ruskin's thought of "learning from nature" and has a certain influence on the Art Nouveau movement that swept Europe later.

Morris's theory and practice had a great influence in Britain. Some young artists and architects, such as Worthy, McMurdo and Ashby, followed suit and innovated their designs, which led to the "Arts and Crafts Movement". Despite its inherent limitations, it first puts forward the principle of "combining beauty with technology", advocates that artists should engage in design and oppose "pure art", and also emphasizes that design should "inherit nature", be faithful to materials, adapt to the purpose of use, and create some simple and applicable works. Shanghai: Mangrove 1858—— The design source of Morris's "Red House" is Mangrove 1858, which is located in the British style area of Songjiang New Town and belongs to the mature villa circle of Songjiang New Town. The project consists of duplex villas and townhouses, with a building area of 93,665 square meters, a plot ratio of 0.8 and a greening rate of 40%. The surrounding facilities are mature, Line 9 is direct, and the Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway is convenient to get in and out. Property Type: Villa Building Category: Double Row Opening Date: March 2009 Building Area: 93,665m2 Floor Area Ratio: 0.8 Greening Rate: 40% Project Location: Intersection of Hongxiang Road, Chen Da Road, Songjiang Developer: Shanghai Anyu Real Estate Co., Ltd. Features 1: The design of "Red House" draws lessons from the famous William in art history. 6? 1 Morris The Red Room. The appearance of the red house maintains the original style of red bricks without any painting. The architectural details follow the traditional sense of handiwork, and strongly reflect the British details everywhere, such as big chimneys, photo frame walls, handmade red bricks and sloping roofs, which are durable and beautiful. The building height is about 3 meters higher than the terrace, and the villa adopts gentle slope design. Feature 2: Morris red house English pastoral Morris red house English pastoral, traditional, simple, respect the original meaning of life. Inspired by the English rural atmosphere, the English rural landscape group with the theme of reading, walking, gardening and afternoon tea hides beautiful scenery and red brick villas in the bushes and fences. The central lawn is as wide as a green carpet, spread on gentle hills with the breath of walking, and there are many exquisite pastoral scenery. It shows the quiet and peaceful mood of the English countryside from 65438 to 050, the hereditary simple aesthetics and the English pastoral style. Feature 3: Variable space design, innovative and practical variable space, some can create an attic with a space of about 2 meters ... 170-230㎡, a villa with three courtyards, emphasizing the possession and enjoyment of private courtyards by villas. Each household is given a large-area lighting basement, 2.8 meters high, bright and practical. In addition to the vestibule and backyard, the townhouse also has a third courtyard-the courtyard in variable sunshine, which can change the internal space design according to the owner's taste. In some rooms, skylights are creatively used on the roofs, and the breeze and sunshine shoot directly into the living room, making the living more open. There is also a roof terrace on the second and third floors of each household. Comments: Architectural design draws lessons from the famous William in art history? 6? 1 Morris's The Red House embodies British characteristics; The English pastoral tradition of Morris red house is simple; Huxing novel and practical, variable space, large-scale gift. Judging from the commercial terms used by the builders, the red house should be directly understood literally, referring to the color. It can be written directly as red house or red house.