Who has an implementation plan to protect biodiversity?

China has a vast territory, complex terrain, diverse climate, numerous rivers and lakes, and vast sea areas in the east and south. The complex geographical conditions have formed a series of unique rich and diverse ecosystems in China. According to the survey, it is estimated that there are about 16 kinds of forest ecosystems, 4 original grass ecosystems, 7 kinds of deserts and various types of alpine vegetation, forming more than 460 kinds of ecosystems, among which more than 30,000 kinds of higher plants live, accounting for about11%of the world total; There are about 1 183 species of birds, accounting for about13% of the world total; There are about 4,400 species of vertebrates (including birds) and about 1.5 million species of insects, accounting for about 1.5% of the world total. There are still a considerable number of species that have not been recognized and studied by people, and it is estimated that there are no fewer than 6.5438+0 million species. Because China occupies a considerable proportion in the total number of species and ecosystem types in the world, China's biodiversity is of great representative significance and international significance, and it is particularly important to protect China's biodiversity.

Due to the unique and complex topography of China, Quaternary glaciers, which began in the Late Tertiary, are distributed in some areas, forming a unique distribution pattern of animals and plants in China: many ancient relic species that have long been extinct in other areas and some primitive or isolated species groups have been preserved, so the endemic genera and species are very rich. There are about 240 endemic genera and more than 0/000 endemic species in plants. Among the animals are brown-eared pheasant, black-necked crane, pheasant, pheasant, mandarin duck, giant panda, South China tiger, Taiwan Province monkey, takin, golden monkey, crested deer, white-lipped deer, black deer, bactrian camel, baiji dolphin, Chinese alligator, giant salamander and China.

There are many kinds of trees that make up forests in China: there are about 8,000 kinds of trees and shrubs, including about 2,000 kinds of trees, including more than 1,000 kinds of excellent timber and special economic trees 1000; Other tree species are Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Dictyophora dictyophylla, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pinus tabulaeformis, Davidia involucrata, Equisetum equisetum and Sinomenium. The endemic woody genera are Eucommia, Hemiptera, Elaeagnus, Acer, Camptotheca acuminata, Pistacia, etc. Rich and diverse forest ecosystems provide habitats and living spaces for many animals; There are many primitive species of crops and fruits in the forest, such as native rice, wild soybean, tea, litchi, bayberry, apple and citrus. Famous flowers include camellia chrysantha, orchids, rhododendrons and plum blossoms.

Biodiversity provides choices for the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, as well as for the demand of human food and the development of future food varieties. China is one of the origin centers of cultivated plants in the world, with nearly 20,000 kinds of food crops, fruit trees and vegetables, and rich ecological types of wild soybeans. Biodiversity is an infinite treasure house of pharmaceutical industry. There are about 12000 species of animals and plants used for medicine in China. With the continuous development and progress of biotechnology, the medicinal value of animals and plants is also constantly improving and expanding. For example, corn, Cephalotaxus sinensis, naked fruits and garlands in tropical rainforests, Camptotheca acuminata and Cephalotaxus sinensis all contain anticancer drugs. A variety of marine ridgeless propellants have the functions of preventing and treating hypertension, heart disease, insanity and antivirus. In the long run, new drugs to prevent and treat diseases need to be found in biology. Using biodiversity and natural enemies to control and reduce the occurrence of large-scale pests and diseases and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can obtain considerable economic benefits and more important environmental benefits.

For an ecosystem, biodiversity is extremely important. Biological species is not only a component of the ecosystem, but more importantly, it is one of the most changeable components. In a complete ecosystem, each species occupies a certain position and plays a specific role, and all living things are interdependent, interdependent and coevolutionary. If an ecosystem loses one or some species, it will have a big or small impact on the system, even lead to the dysfunction of the system, and eventually lead to the collapse of the system. Facts show that the more biological species, the more stable the ecosystem; On the contrary, the simpler the structure, the easier it is for the ecosystem to be unbalanced and collapse.

However, China's biodiversity is under unprecedented impact, mainly due to the rapid increase of population, unreasonable development and large-scale environmental pollution, which has caused great impact and destruction on biodiversity. For example, natural ecosystems are gradually disappearing and being replaced by artificial agricultural ecosystems, and the original diversified vegetation species are being replaced by a few crops. Many wild animals have lost their living environment and disappeared. The original balance between plant pests and natural enemies has disappeared, which often leads to large-scale and extensive pests and diseases. The whole ecosystem is very fragile, and human beings must rely on pesticides and fertilizers to maintain the stability of the system. Intensive land use interferes with soil structure and soil microorganisms, and intensifies the destruction and collapse of soil system; The number and scale of cities are constantly expanding, which makes the original natural ecosystem lost. The reduction of natural forest area has an unpredictable impact on the species and quantity of creatures living in it. According to relevant data, about 200 species of plants have been extinct in China, and it is estimated that about 5,000 species of plants are endangered in recent years, accounting for 15-20% of the total number of higher plants in China. The situation of wild animals is even worse, because they have lost their habitats, such as the extinction of rhinoceros, wild horses, white-rumped langurs and high-nosed antelopes or the extinction in China in recent decades. At present, there are only a few dozen Siberian tigers left; There were many bamboos in the 1950s. At present, there are only a few dozen kinds of bamboo left in Shaanxi. If many rare animals are not effectively protected, they will be extinct sooner or later due to the change of living environment and the decrease of population.

In order to protect species, prevent species extinction, maintain biodiversity and ensure the sustainable utilization of biological resources, our government has made long-term unremitting efforts and done a lot of work in biodiversity protection. More than 700 different types of nature reserves have been established in China, with a total area of nearly 60 million hectares, accounting for about 6% of the national territory, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, plateaus, mountains, oceans, islands and other ecosystems. 354 species of rare plants and 257 species of rare and endangered animals and their ecological environment have been effectively protected and saved. China Nature Reserves such as Shennongjia, Wolong, Xilingele, Dinghushan, Burning Mountain, Changbai Mountain, Wuyishan and Bogda Peak are listed as "World Man and Biosphere" by UNESCO. China has established 225 animal and plant introduction and protection bases and 227 artificial breeding grounds for wild animals. A number of crop variety resource banks have been established nationwide. China Academy of Sciences has also established gene bank and wild animal cell bank, and established more than 50 field ecological test stations (fields) throughout the country, laying a foundation for species protection and research.

The Three Gorges area is one of the areas with rich and concentrated endemic plants in China. It is listed as 3 species of national first-class protected plants, 23 species of second-class protected plants and 2 1 species of third-class protected plants. There are as many as 180 families, 1040 genera and 3964 species of seed plants here, accounting for 1/7 of the national total. In order to cooperate with the construction of the Three Gorges Project and rescue rare and endangered plants, the Three Gorges Botanical Garden of Wuhan Institute of Botany, China Academy of Sciences will be established in Yichang, Hubei Province, and a large number of rare plants will be introduced to return to nature in different places, making contributions to the protection of rare plants unique to the Three Gorges area.

During the period of 1994, the government of China approved the China Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan, which is an important part of China's national plan to implement the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The Action Plan comprehensively and objectively analyzes and evaluates the current situation of biodiversity in China, formulates specific action targets, scientific research, education, training and publicity institutions for biodiversity protection, and formulates relevant policies and regulations to ensure the protection and development of China's rich biodiversity, which has a positive impact on the protection and development of biodiversity on a global scale.