How much can each household make up for the demolition in Song Dynasty?

Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty: every household 170.

In the first month of the sixth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1083), another demolition took place in Bianjing, because it was necessary to "demolish public and private houses and dirt yards" in order to dig trenches around Bianjing New Town.

Because the demolition involved compensation, at that time, the court appointed an official named Yang to be responsible for the compensation for demolition. According to the compensation plan for demolition, the government "evaluates the land-expropriated households or returns them to the official land"; Demolished official camps, tombs and monasteries are arranged for "transfer and repair" by an organization called "Capital Institute".

As can be seen from the records of this demolition, there were two ways for the Song government to compensate the relocated households. One is compensation in kind, that is, the government allocates another piece of official land to the relocated households and builds another house; One is monetary compensation, which pays compensation according to the market price of real estate. However, the specific amount of compensation is rarely recorded in historical materials.

However, another demolition in June of the sixth year of Yuanfeng left a record of government compensation standards.

At that time, Kaifeng organized a large-scale city renovation. According to the plan, all government and private buildings within 30 steps inside the city wall will be demolished to leave enough public space in the city. Responsible for the demolition project is Zuwupo, the retired manager of Kaifeng Prefecture. Zu tuiguan counted the number of relocated households involved in the project, and each household participated in the land (house) deed, and then calculated the valuation of the demolished property according to the real estate price of Kaifeng house at that time. People's housing * * * 130 rooms, with a total value of 22,600. In addition, some temples and official residences have to be demolished and rebuilt by the "Capital Courtyard".

130 relocated households, * * * compensation of 22,600 yuan. Calculated, the average household can get more than 170 yuan's government compensation. The court approved this compensation standard for demolition, which was paid by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.

So, is the compensation per household 170 yuan high or low? This needs to refer to the price and income level of Bianjing at that time. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the income of the people at the bottom of the society who set up stalls in Bianjing Street was about tens to 100 articles a day, and 170 yuan was about the income of an ordinary citizen at the bottom for five or six years. From the price point of view, the housing prices and prosperous areas in Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty are definitely "land gold", and you can't buy a decent house above 170 yuan. However, the houses demolished this time are all close to the city wall, belonging to remote places, ordinary bungalows, and the house prices are undoubtedly much lower than those of luxury houses in the city center. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, zhongmou county, under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng Prefecture, could buy a good house with a total investment of 100 yuan. It should be said that the compensation of more than 0/70 yuan per household is calculated with reference to the current price. Although it is not high, it is still within a reasonable range.

Hangzhou in Southern Song Dynasty: Tenants also compensate for moving money.

In the 29th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 159), Empress Wei was buried in Lingyin Palace. Emperor Gaozong ordered the demolition of the "scholar's tomb house" in the forbidden area of Zanggong, and invested in the purchase of the "scholar's field forest land" in the forbidden area. In this demolition, the Song government compensated: "Estimate the truth first, and then return the average household income." And stressed that officials should not harass relocated households. The demolition did not leave a specific compensation standard record, but said that it would refer to the market price and double the payment.

Historical records record the detailed compensation standard for a demolition in the last year, that is, the twenty-eighth year of Shaoxing. In June of this year, due to Hangzhou's "southeast of the imperial city, there is no outer city", Song Gaozong ordered "Lin 'an House to measure and wait for the gap between farmers to be built". The emperor said, how much money does this project need? The Lin 'an government asks you to make a budget first, report it to Shangshu Province, and allocate funds from the hidden money of the royal family. Try not to demolish "houses". If there is demolition, it must be handled with preferential treatment.

The official in charge of demolition compensation is Zhang Zhuo, and the official in charge of fortification works is Yang Cunzhong. In July, Yang Cunzhong submitted a report to the emperor to the effect that according to the urban construction drawings, ministers and others conducted on-the-spot investigation and measurement, and delineated the construction route. Nine times out of ten, the place where the city wall is to be built is the government's "camp", and only a few "residents' small houses" need to be demolished. After the city is completed, "even if the house is built, it will still be given to the returning households." Emperor Gaozong agreed to this fortification plan.

Zhang Zhuo also reported to the emperor the compensation method for demolition: "A house to be demolished together". If it is the owner, a homestead with the same area will be allocated in the nearby official land; If it is a tenant, the government will build an apartment and "still rent it according to the original number"; Inside and outside the city wall, as long as it is a house that "does not hinder the road", it "still exists". In addition, the government compensates all relocated households for "relocation money", and the owner subsidizes each room 10 yuan; The tenant is halved, and each 5 yuan is owned by 5 yuan. The relocation compensation plan was also approved by Emperor Gaozong, and the officials who handled this matter were not allowed to deduct compensation.

Hangzhou (called Lin 'an) became the capital of Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the real estate market was very hot, and the prices in prosperous areas were surprisingly high. However, the house demolished this time is also near the city wall, and the cost is definitely much lower than that in the city center. For example, in the 28th year of Shaoxing (1 158), a tile house was built in Pingjiang, with a price of "ten yuan per room". Please note, however, that the 10 yuan paid by the Song government is the money for moving, not all the compensation for demolition. The government also allocated "more than 40 feet of vacant official land" to relocated households. After the completion of urban construction projects, "even if houses are built, they will still be given to residents". Where are the tenants? The government also has an arrangement: "Let out rooms and corridors, and when they are completed in the future, they will still be rented out according to the original number of rooms." In this way, the compensation for this demolition is indeed a "preferential treatment".

In addition, it is worth pointing out that tenants can also get half of the "demolition money", which shows that the government paid attention to the rights and interests of tenants at that time. In the Song Dynasty, due to the development of commodity economy and market transactions, private property rights have developed to several levels, such as the property rights of a house, which can be divided into ownership, possession, usufruct, pawning and so on. Tenants can get compensation for moving money, and the government has promised to build public rental housing for them, which shows that independent usufructuary rights are recognized by the government.

The compensation for each relocated household is 10 yuan, which is the compensation standard in Song Gaozong. Here, the compensation standard for demolition of the Song government has been improved. In December of the first year of Xichun (1 174), because the imperial court was going to build the Queen's Hall and demolish the "Han Yanzhi Gallery", that is, Han Yanzhi built a rented apartment, the government planned to compensate each tenant 30 yuan for moving expenses. This apartment should be located in a prosperous area, so the compensation fee is relatively high. However, this compensation standard met with opposition. Courtiers said that some tenants have added houses to the land they originally rented. If the compensation is only 30, it seems too light. Please appoint an official of Lin 'an government to "try again and give more". Finally, the Song government raised the compensation standard: adding people to build houses and increasing the moving money by 7,000 yuan; People who build bungalows will increase the moving expenses by 5000 yuan.

Judging from the compensation for demolition in Song Dynasty, the private property rights of Song people were respected by the government. What is even more commendable is an incident that happened in the third year of Emperor Yongxi in the Northern Song Dynasty (986): Song Taizong wanted to expand the palace, and people drew drawings, so many families needed to be demolished. The court sent people to the residents to mobilize the demolition, but "many residents don't want to move" and don't want to move. Song Taizong had to forget about it and give up the expansion of Miyagi. Therefore, among the orthodox dynasties, Miyagi in Song Dynasty (including Bianjing Miyagi and Lin 'an Miyagi) is the smallest. Standing on the top floor of Bianjing Hotel overlooks the Palace.