What is the major of public enterprise management? What are its employment prospects?

Public enterprise management is a new major in colleges and universities in China. In social practice, although there are various public institutions, the management of public institutions as an independent discipline has not yet formed an independent system. At the same time, the relevant public enterprise management majors originally set up in colleges and universities have their own specific market positioning. Therefore, it is very worthwhile for us to understand the public enterprise management under the new professional catalogue, integrate the independent professional direction, form a standardized public enterprise management discipline system, build a perfect public enterprise management specialty, and cultivate high-quality public enterprise management talents needed by the market.

First, the background of public utilities management specialty setting

With the development of social economy, the demand for talents in the market is diversified, and the professional adjustment of higher education has adapted to this requirement. Under the impetus of economic reform, the way of social management is constantly changing, and the functions of the government are also changing. As an independent social organization, public utilities play an important role in all levels of social life with its special functions. Therefore, the establishment of public enterprise management specialty is the need of public enterprise management reform, professional talent demand and management discipline development.

1 The research of public utility management is the need of the reform and development of social management mechanism.

With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, the functions and roles of the government in promoting economic development and social resource allocation are also undergoing profound changes. In order to transform government functions, realize the separation between government and enterprise, and establish an administrative management system with coordinated operation and standardized behavior, it is necessary to return relevant government functions to the society. This is not only the need of reform itself, but also the inherent requirement of social operation. The emergence of public enterprise management has improved the management mechanism of the society itself, freed the government from its daily work, systematized the requirements of "small government and big society" and formed a social operation mode integrating administration, industry and commerce and public enterprises.

2 * * * Public enterprise management research is the need of the rise and development of public enterprises.

The reform and opening up has brought about profound changes in China's society and economy, and fundamentally changed China's resource allocation mode and economic operation mechanism. The management of social operation and the adjustment of interest relations in all aspects to ensure the overall development require social self-management and self-restraint in addition to the necessary functions of the government. Many public enterprise management functions contracted by the government in the past need to be completed objectively by non-governmental public enterprise management or service departments. Therefore, in order to ensure the overall advancement of the reform, the transformation of government functions and the establishment and improvement of public utility management specialty will be carried out simultaneously, as will personnel training and social reform. Therefore, it is necessary to study the definition, subject characteristics, operation mechanism, management system, management methods and policies of public institutions in order to promote the healthy development of public institutions. At the same time, with the expansion of public utilities and the enrichment of functions, there will be high requirements for the quality and quantity of relevant managers. The existing managers engaged in related fields are far from meeting the demand for talents in the development of public utilities in terms of knowledge structure, quality and ability. Only through specialty construction and talent training can we solve the urgent talent demand problem of public utilities.

3 * * * Career management research is the need of diversification of specialty setting and talent demand.

At present, China's public utilities are scattered in specific areas, such as municipal management, urban water supply, environmental protection, intermediary services, community management, property management, education, social security, culture, health, sports and other public-oriented service departments. Although different fields have their particularity, their nature is the premise, that is, the objectives, service fields, operating mechanisms, management models and methods are consistent. Many directions of public utility management should first be unified on the basic theoretical platform of public utility management, and different professional directions should be built according to the particularity of different departments to meet the requirements of diversified talents.

Second, the discipline definition of public enterprise management

1 What is public welfare?

From the perspective of a country's management of the whole society, it includes three levels: administrative management, commercial management and public enterprise management. Administrative management is the behavior of the executive organ of state power, which represents the will of the government and is mandatory; Enterprise management is the management centered on the enterprise's own interests and has a clear economic purpose; And the public * * * cause should be somewhere in between. Public utilities should be low-profit undertakings involving the long-term interests of the country. Competition is not fierce, and insufficient product supply will cause social unrest and require social supervision. Organizations or departments should proceed from the whole and have specific goals with the aim of improving the social level and quality. Public utilities should not only serve the society, but also consider the development and progress of the society, and pay attention to the unity of individual interests and overall interests of the public. If public utilities are too compulsory, they will be administrative; Excessive pursuit of profit maximization is an industrial and commercial act. Therefore, the core of the definition of public enterprise lies in its purpose, code of conduct and operating mechanism.

Judging from China's reality and future reform trend, departments such as culture, education, social security, urban water supply, environmental meteorology, and urban transportation play a role in different forms of ownership and organization. However, the obvious trend is that the state monopoly is weakened, the profit-making purpose is weakened, the degree of socialization is enhanced, and the self-discipline of management is remarkable. Their most essential feature lies in the overall interests of society and the public. They are closely related to the daily life of residents, are the lifeline of national economic development, are indispensable and have irreplaceable special functions.

Therefore, we might as well state the public utilities as follows. Public utilities refer to organizations, departments and public enterprises that directly provide public products and services or coordinate various interests on the premise of social development and progress and aim at realizing the overall interests of the public.

2. Characteristics of public utilities

1) Integrity: This is the basic attribute of public enterprises and is inseparable from the whole society.

2) Non-profit: institutions are different from other enterprises (commercial activities) and do not take profit as their main purpose. Although institutions sometimes charge appropriate fees when providing services, such fees are by no means for profit.

3) Scale: The scope of public welfare undertakings is very large, and the establishment of a public welfare undertaking system requires a lot of investment. The public welfare undertaking organizations must reach a certain investment scale, and the public welfare undertaking organizations must reach a certain scale to play their due role.

4) Monopoly: The government is the main body of public utilities, providing essential basic services for residents' consumption and consumption in other industries. In order to safeguard public interests and national security, it is most likely to be monopolized by the state, while private enterprises are usually unwilling or unable to operate.

5) Public welfare: Public interest from public utilities, and products (or services) provided by public utilities should be provided by the public. The products (or services) provided by public utilities are indispensable conditions for the development of the whole society, and the public welfare of public utilities requires them to realize the overall interests of the public.

3 * * * Business areas

Public utilities cover a wide range. First, it is manifested in specialized institutions; Second, it is implicit in government public affairs; Third, in the form of public enterprises. Public utilities mainly include: 1) natural resources; 2) cultural education; 3) sports; 4) social security; 5) municipal construction 6) environmental protection; 7) medical and health care; 8) public information; 8) Railway traffic; 9) evaluate the intermediary; 1 1) Common property; 12) housing, etc.

4, public * * * career management

Public enterprise management is a subject that comprehensively uses various scientific knowledge and methods to study the extremely regular organizational activities and management process of public enterprises. We should form a complete system based on management, economy and law and with the management requirements of public utilities as the framework. The goal of public enterprise management is to promote public institutions to provide public products for the society more effectively; It is also necessary to study how public enterprises cultivate and improve their special functions, that is, accurate market positioning, during the historical period of economic system and social management system transformation; How to achieve the consistency between public utilities and government social goals and enterprise economic goals? The research object of public enterprise management is public enterprise, and the research content is the operation law, characteristics and methods of public enterprise organization.

Three, the public * * * professional management training objectives

1 guiding ideology

Drawing lessons from and absorbing the experience of public enterprise management education in China, and closely combining with China's national conditions, especially the reality of public enterprise management in China, this paper explores the training mode of public enterprise management talents with China characteristics. Based on the current situation and reform trend of public utilities in China, we should scientifically train public utilities management talents to meet the market demand for diversified talents.

2 training objectives

At present, MPA has become one of the main ways to train high-level and applied public management talents in many countries. MPA, as a professional degree, was first developed in the United States, and has a history of more than half a century. Master of Commerce, Master of Business Administration and Master of Law have become the three pillars of liberal arts vocational postgraduate education in some developed countries in the west. Graduates mainly work in government departments and non-government private public service institutions. In China, there was only administration before, and the training goal was to train government-related staff. Therefore, from the perspective of the development of public utilities, it is necessary to cultivate new management talents. According to the characteristics and market positioning of public utilities, the market positioning of public utilities management specialty is: 1) the manager of public utilities management departments (education, culture, health and other departments); 2) Management personnel of public enterprises (government monopoly enterprises such as tap water and railways); 3) Managers of social service institutions (public administration); 5) researchers engaged in public enterprise management; 6) knowledge workers; 7) Other management personnel.

3 culture scheme

The course of public enterprise management should include compulsory courses, elective courses and practical links, mainly including three aspects: theoretical basis, analytical methods and skills of public enterprise management; Courses selected by students according to their own professional fields or subjective directions; Practice and discussion on management methods of public enterprises. The curriculum should highlight the characteristics and fully have the training scheme of public utilities management talents with China characteristics. It embodies the characteristics of interdisciplinary, compound and application, and enables students to have the theory and knowledge of modern management science, master foreign languages and skillfully use computers, and be able to engage in the construction and management of public utilities by using the methods of system science and system engineering.

Fourth, the construction direction of public utilities management specialty

First of all, establish the discipline system of public utility management specialty and construct the core curriculum group of public utility management specialty. This requires a comprehensive study and analysis of the characteristics, operating mechanism, management rules, management means and methods of public utilities, a scientific definition of public utilities, and a clear core theory and personnel training objectives. In the design of curriculum group, we should highlight the nature and basic theory of * *, and lay the foundation for the construction of professional direction.

Secondly, determine the training mode of management talents in public enterprises. The management of public enterprises has strong particularity. In terms of talent training and talent demand, we should emphasize quality, broaden our knowledge, pay attention to the cultivation of practical ability and innovative consciousness, and ensure the unity of talent training and talent demand.

Third, determine the scientific curriculum system and improve the adaptability of talents. Curriculum system is the concrete link to realize the training goal, which determines the quality structure, knowledge structure and ability structure of talents. So we should start from the following aspects.

1) Cultivate students' innovative ability and the ability to integrate theory with practice. It is required to fully understand the current situation, laws and regulations and development direction of public utilities, and pay attention to observing and studying the problems in the development of public utilities. Establish and improve the experimental environment of this major, strengthen the practical links in teaching, and improve students' ability to analyze, judge and solve problems in various fields of public utilities (such as community management) through curriculum design and graduation design.

2) Cultivate interdisciplinary and wide-caliber talents. Correct the disadvantages caused by too fine division of labor and too narrow specialty. Establish an open teaching curriculum system, reduce compulsory courses and increase elective courses, so that students' knowledge structure is based on the discipline of public enterprise management, pay attention to the personality of public enterprises and different departments, and involve other related disciplines according to different training directions and management fields, so that the major has distinctive characteristics. According to the requirements of public vocational practice, the course content should be constantly updated and improved.

In a word, China's reform and development are advancing at an unprecedented speed. With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, government functions will be further transformed, and it is even more necessary to establish an efficient, coordinated and standardized management system for public enterprises. This puts forward urgent requirements and challenges for the cultivation of management talents in public enterprises. 2 1 century, a brand-new education system is taking shape. Although there are still many problems to be explored and solved in the new discipline of public enterprise management, the prospect of public enterprise management specialty is undoubtedly broad and will play its due role in the development of management discipline.