How to ensure the fire safety of the company

Abstract: As the saying goes, fire and water are ruthless. A burning match, an unlit cigarette end, if we throw it around, it will bring endless troubles, and it is more likely to bring disaster. As an enterprise, while seeking economic benefits from the market, we should also pay attention to safety in production, nip in the bud, and achieve a "win-win" between interests and safety. So how to ensure the fire safety of the company? Common sense of fire safety 1. Units shall strictly abide by fire laws, regulations and rules, implement the fire policy of "putting prevention first and combining prevention with elimination", perform fire safety duties and ensure fire safety. The legal representative of a legal entity or the main person in charge of an unincorporated entity is the person in charge of fire safety of the entity and is fully responsible for the fire safety work of the entity. Units shall implement the fire safety responsibility system and post fire safety responsibility system step by step, clarify the fire safety responsibility step by step and post by post, and determine the fire safety responsible persons at all levels and posts.

2, the key units of fire safety shall set up or determine the centralized management department of fire control work, and determine the full-time or part-time fire management personnel; Other units shall determine full-time or part-time fire management personnel, and may determine the centralized management functional departments of fire control work. Centralized management functional departments and full-time and part-time fire management personnel shall implement fire safety management under the leadership of the person in charge of fire safety or the fire safety administrator.

3, the unit shall establish and improve the fire safety system, including fire safety education and training; Fire inspection and inspection; Management of safety evacuation facilities; Fire (control room) on duty; Maintenance and management of fire fighting facilities and equipment; Rectification of fire hazards; Safety management of using fire and electricity; Flammable and explosive dangerous goods and fire and explosion prevention in places.

4. Large and medium-sized enterprises with high fire risk, special warehouses and ancient building management units listed as national key cultural relics protection shall establish full-time fire brigades in accordance with relevant state regulations and organize regular fire drills.

5. Organize the formulation of fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans that are in line with the actual situation of the unit, and organize employees to conduct escape and self-help drills at least once every six months and put out the initial fires.

6. Regularly maintain the fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting equipment and fire safety signs of this unit to ensure that they are in good condition and effective. Always keep fire doors, fire shutters, fire safety evacuation signs, emergency lighting, mechanical smoke exhaust and air supply, fire accident broadcasting and other facilities in normal working condition.

7. Ensure that evacuation routes and safety exits are unblocked. Do not occupy evacuation passages or set obstacles on evacuation passages and exits, do not close exits during business, production and work, and do not block safety evacuation signs.

8. It is forbidden to use open flames in places where there is a danger of fire and explosion; If it is necessary to carry out open flame operations such as electricity and gas welding due to special circumstances, the hot work department and personnel shall go through the examination and approval procedures in strict accordance with the fire control management system of the unit, implement the on-site guardian, allocate sufficient fire-fighting equipment, and remove flammable and combustible substances in the hot work area.

9, abide by the relevant provisions of the state, the production, use, storage, sales, transportation or destruction of flammable and explosive dangerous goods to implement strict fire safety management. It is forbidden to bring kindling into places where inflammable and explosive dangerous goods are produced and stored.

10, the key units of fire safety shall conduct daily fire inspections, and determine the personnel, content, place and frequency of inspections. Other units may organize fire prevention inspection as required. Fire patrol personnel shall promptly correct illegal acts, and if they cannot be disposed of on the spot, they shall immediately report to the relevant departments.

1 1, fire duty personnel and patrol personnel must stick to their posts, and shall not leave their posts without leave.

12, new employees must receive fire safety training before taking up their posts, and employees in special jobs and key positions with fire hazards must receive fire safety training, with the training rate reaching 100% and holding relevant certificates.

13. It is forbidden to connect temporary wires or use electrical equipment in dormitories, production workshops, factories and other places without permission, and it is strictly forbidden to overload electricity. It is strictly forbidden to set up staff dormitories in warehouses and workshops.

14. The heat-treated workpieces of the enterprise should be stacked in a safe place, and it is strictly prohibited to pile them on the oily ground or near flammable items such as wood and paper.

15, lignite, wet straw, wheat straw, cotton, rapeseed, bean cake, cotton yarn stained with animal and vegetable oil, gloves, clothes, sawdust, linoleum wiped on equipment, etc. If it is piled up for a long time, it is easy to cause fire by spontaneous combustion, and Qin Ying will deal with it.

16, plant stacking should be stored in a dry place, and at the same time do a good job of moistureproof. Stacking should not be too large, so ventilation should be strengthened, and special personnel should be assigned to detect the temperature and humidity to prevent spontaneous combustion or the spread of Fei Huo in the stack.

The editors of 17, 5 1 Dongshi warned the employees of the enterprise to achieve "three understandings and three skills", that is, to know the fire danger, basic fire knowledge and fire prevention measures of their posts; Will report the fire, will put out the initial fire, will organize evacuation.

18, we should call the police in time after the fire, and we have to report, report late, lie about the fire and hide the fire. When calling the fire alarm number "1 19", make clear the fire unit, area, street, house number, fire location, burning substance, fire size, alarm name and telephone number used. After the alarm, send someone to meet at the intersection and guide the fire truck into the fire.

19, electrical appliances or wires are on fire, cut off the power supply first, and then put out the fire, otherwise it is likely to cause electric shock and personal injury.

20. When escaping through thick smoke, try to keep your body close to the ground, cover your mouth and nose with wet towels and handkerchiefs, and keep a low profile to prevent the harm of toxic smoke.

2 1. After the fire, trapped people living on lower floors can use strong ropes (if they can't find the ropes, they can tear the bedding, sheets or strong curtain cloth into strips and twist them into ropes), tie them to strong heating pipes, window frames or bedsteads, and then slowly slide down the ropes to escape.

22. If you are trapped above the third floor, don't jump. Can be temporarily transferred to the floor refuge room or other safer bathrooms, rooms, windows or balconies, and take feasible self-help measures.

23. In the trapped room, you can send a distress signal to the window by flashlight, waving clothes, calling, etc., waiting for the rescue of firefighters.

The focus of the company's fire safety is 1, and the first is the personnel safety evacuation inspection. Evacuation signs, emergency lights and power supply can be seen on the evacuation route.

2, fire equipment room inspection. The personnel on duty should make daily records and equipment inspection records, and be proficient in using fire fighting equipment; The normal operation of fire fighting equipment must have a display status signal to ensure the correct provision of relevant information. In addition, at least two people are on duty and are qualified to hold relevant certificates.

3. Check the automatic alarm system. Check the fault alarm function. When the detector is removed, the control equipment can correctly display the fault alarm signal; Check the fire alarm function. Select the detector to blow smoke, and the control equipment can correctly display the fire alarm signal; Check the fire alarm priority function. Take down a detector and blow air to another detector at the same time, and the control equipment can display the fire alarm signal first; Check the fire alarm telephone. Use fire telephones in fire control room, water pump room, generator room, etc. And the fire control room and related places can communicate normally.

4. Fire extinguisher inspection. The fire extinguisher configuration type is correct. If there are solid combustibles, there are fire extinguishers that can put out Class A fires. The pressure of the pressure storage fire extinguisher meets the requirements, and the pointer of the pressure gauge is in the green area; The fire extinguisher should be set in an obvious and convenient place, and it will not affect the safe evacuation; Fire extinguishers have records of regular maintenance and inspection.

5, fire pump room, water supply pipeline, water storage facilities inspection. The switch on the power distribution cabinet to control the fire hydrant pump, spray pump and pressure stabilizing (booster) pump is placed in the automatic (on) position; The valves on the inlet and outlet pipes of fire hydrant pump and spray pump, the valves on the outlet pipes of high-level fire water tank, the valves on the pipes of automatic sprinkler system and fire hydrant system are always open; The water quantity of fire water storage facilities such as high-level fire water tank, fire water pool and air pressure water tank reaches the specified water level; There are anti-freezing measures for high-level fire water tanks and indoor and outdoor fire pipes in cold areas in the north.

6, the company fire safety officer to check. The implementation of daily fire safety management, key positions of personnel should be trained with certificates; Whether the fire control facilities are regularly inspected and whether the fire control safety management system is perfect; Practice emergency evacuation preparation for fire fighting activities regularly, and deal with fire in time.

Company fire safety training In order to ensure the personal safety of company employees and the safety of company property, a fire accident has sounded the alarm for our safety production. The company has been improving everyone's safety awareness with the tenet of "everyone is responsible for safety in production", and has specially trained its employees on fire safety:

Fire is one of the most frequent disasters in the world. All countries try their best to find preventive measures from the causes of fires. On the basis of summing up the experience and lessons of fire control work, the public security fire control institutions in China study the law of fire occurrence and take targeted preventive measures to ensure the safety of state property and people's lives.

First, fires are classified in different ways according to their nature, burning characteristics of substances, causes of fire, losses and places of occurrence.

The national fire protection standard (GB4986-85) classifies fires into four categories according to the combustion characteristics of substances:

(1) Class A fire. Refers to the fire of solid matter. This substance often has the nature of organic matter, and generally produces glowing embers when it burns. Such as wood, cotton, wool, hemp, paper fire, etc.

(2) Class B fire. Refers to liquid fire and solid material fire that melts when heated. Such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, crude oil, methanol, ethanol, leaching, paraffin burning, etc.

(3) Class C fire. Refers to a gas fire. Such as gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, hydrogen fire, etc.

(4) Class D fire. Of metal fire. Such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, lithium, aluminum and other metal fires.

Two. Classification of fire losses Article 6 of the Regulations on the Management of Fire Statistics (No.82 of the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Labor and the National Bureau of Statistics [1996]) stipulates that according to the casualties caused by fire accidents, the number of people affected and the direct property losses, fires are divided into three categories:

(a) more than ten people died (including the number, the same below); Seriously injured more than 20 people; More than 20 people were killed or seriously injured; More than 50 families were affected; The direct property loss is more than one million yuan.

(2) A fire with one of the following circumstances is a major fire: more than three people are killed at one time; Seriously injured more than ten people; More than ten people were killed or seriously injured; More than 30 families were affected; The direct property loss is more than 300,000 yuan.

(3) A fire that does not meet the first two conditions is a general fire.

Third, the cause of fire extinguishing is a long-term and complicated work, and it is an achievement that benefits the country and the people. Therefore, the state has formulated a series of fire laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications to guide people to prevent fires and ensure the safety of state property and people's lives and property.

The occurrence of fire has its inherent law and specific causal relationship, but it is inseparable from social environment, economic prosperity, wealth accumulation, human negligence and potential factors. Know, know, can suit the remedy to the case, effectively prevent the occurrence of fire.

Fire statistics show that there are many direct causes of fires over the years, but no matter which one, it is almost related to people's ideological paralysis.

1, careless use of open flame. There are many kinds of fires caused by careless use of open flames, and the most common ones are as follows:

(1) Fire caused by cooking;

(2) Fire caused by littering cigarette butts and matchsticks;

(3) Fire caused by careless gas welding and electric welding;

(4) Fires caused by barbecue items and cooking items;

(5) Fire caused by fire heating.

2. Fire caused by improper installation and use of electrical appliances. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, more and more electrical appliances have entered the homes of ordinary people, and a slight carelessness may cause a fire. Common electrical fires mainly include the following:

(1) The motor is overloaded or has poor insulation, resulting in short circuit and fire;

(2) The electrical wiring is not installed firmly or the connector is loose, causing the surrounding combustible materials to catch fire;

(3) The wires are randomly connected or the insulation layer of the lines is aged or damaged, resulting in short circuit of parallel lines and spark ignition;

(4) transformer coil insulation damage or poor connector contact causes short circuit or excessive resistance to heat and catch fire;

(5) Used electric irons, soldering irons and electric stoves. It caught fire without cutting off the power supply;

(6) The fuse (fuse) is unqualified in installation and use, loses its protection function when overloaded, or causes a fire by replacing the fuse with other wires;

(7) Use high-power light bulbs to catch fire near flammable materials.

3, in violation of operating procedures when hot. In terms of human factors, more than 70% of fires in enterprises and institutions are caused by violation of operating procedures. The main reasons are as follows:

(1) mixing dangerous chemicals with conflicting properties, causing fire;

(two) illegal welding operations, causing fire;

(3) In the process of chemical production, over-temperature and over-pressure operations cause fires;

(4) AWOL in production causes fire;

(5) Smoking or using fire in places where inflammable and explosive chemicals are heard, causing fire;

(6) When handling inflammable and explosive articles, fire may be caused by random tumbling, collision and friction.

Types and uses of fire extinguishers: 1. Dry powder fire extinguishers are suitable for putting out fires of petroleum products, paints and organic solvents, but they cannot put out fires of burning light metals.

Before use, turn the fire extinguisher up and down several times about 5 meters away from the windward direction of the ignition point to loosen the dry powder in the cylinder. Pull out the safety pin first, press the handle with one hand, hold the nozzle with the other hand at a 45-degree angle, aim at the root of the fire source from near to far, and shoot from left to right until the fire source is completely extinguished.

2, nitrogen dioxide fire extinguisher, suitable for putting out fires in expensive instruments and equipment, archives, computer rooms, it is not conductive, it is also suitable for putting out live low-voltage electrical equipment and oil fires, but it can't be used to put out fires of potassium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum and other substances. The use method is similar to that of dry powder fire extinguisher.

3. 12 1 1 fire extinguisher, especially suitable for putting out fires of precision instruments, electronic equipment and cultural relics.

4. foam extinguisher is the most suitable place to put out liquid fires, but it can't put out water-soluble flammable flammable liquids (such as alcohol, ester, ether, ketone and other substances) and electrical appliances.

Five: basic fire extinguishing methods 1. Cooling fire extinguishing (water, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent);

2. Isolation fire extinguishing method (separation of combustibles from unburned materials);

3. Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method (using asbestos cloth, soaked quilt, canvas, sand and other incombustible or flame retardant materials);

4. Chemical suppression fire extinguishing method (dry powder fire extinguishing agent)

Six: fire safety knowledge 1. Electrical fire is caused by improper design, installation, maintenance and use of electrical equipment. Specific manifestations are: electrical short circuit, equipment overload, poor contact of wire connection points, aging and deterioration of electrical insulation materials, etc.

2. Line overload means that the actual load current flowing through the conductor exceeds the maximum safe current value specified by the conductor section. Circuit overload makes the temperature of conductor exceed its maximum allowable working temperature, and the insulation layer of conductor will accelerate aging, even deteriorate and damage, causing short circuit and fire.

3. Fire is generally divided into four stages: initial fire, intermediate fire, vigorous fire and declining fire.

4. The thermal radiation temperature generated by fire can reach 400-500℃.

5. The best extinguishing time is 0-3 minutes, and the best escape time is 3- 10 minutes.

6. The correct position for the car to break the burning glass is in the middle.

7. During the fire alarm, the focus of the first report is: fire location, fire substances, and whether anyone is trapped.

Seven: alarm mode: if the property practitioners find the fire alarm mode: 1, call (central control room); 2. Report to the competent leader; 3, manual alarm button alarm; Assist in evacuation.

Fire safety system of the company (I) Fire safety education and training system 1. Every year, the fire safety awareness of all employees is improved by setting up fire safety knowledge bulletin boards and holding knowledge contests.

2. Organize employees to learn fire laws and regulations on a regular basis, so as to achieve fire control according to law.

3. Each department should conduct fire safety education and training according to the post characteristics.

4. Conduct on-site demonstration and training for the maintenance and users of fire fighting equipment and facilities.

5. Conduct pre-job fire protection training for new employees, and take up their posts only after passing the examination.

6. Employees must be re-educated and trained before changing jobs due to work needs.

(2) Fire patrol inspection system 1, implementing fire safety responsibility system step by step and post fire safety responsibility system, and implementing patrol inspection system.

2. The centralized management functional department of fire control shall conduct daily fire control inspection for the company. Conduct a fire inspection on the unit once a month, and review and track the improvement.

3. If a fire hazard is found in the inspection, the inspector shall fill in the fire inspection record and require the relevant personnel to sign the record in accordance with the regulations.

4. The inspection department shall timely notify the inspected department of the inspection, and the person in charge of each department shall notify the daily fire safety inspection. If there is a fire hazard in this unit, it shall be rectified in time.

5. If the fire hazards found in the inspection are not rectified in time according to the specified time, they will be punished according to the reward and punishment system.

(3) Safety evacuation facilities management system 1. Units should keep evacuation passages and exits unblocked, and it is forbidden to occupy evacuation passages, and it is forbidden to set fences and other obstacles that affect evacuation at exits or entrances.

2. Fire safety evacuation signs and emergency lighting facilities that meet the requirements of the state shall be set according to the specifications.

3 fire doors, fire safety evacuation signs, emergency lighting, mechanical smoke exhaust and air supply, fire accident broadcasting and other facilities should be kept in normal condition, and regular inspection, testing, maintenance and maintenance should be organized.

4. It is forbidden to lock the safety exit during business or work.

5. It is strictly prohibited to close, block or cover the safety evacuation sign during business or work.

(4) Fire Control Center Management System 1. Familiar with and master the performance of various fire-fighting facilities to ensure orderly, accurate and fast operation during fire fighting.

2, completes the fire duty records and hand-over records, handling fire calls.

3, succession on time, completes the duty record, equipment handover procedures, accident treatment, and so on and so forth. Without handover procedures, the personnel on duty shall not leave their posts without authorization.

4, found that the equipment failure, should report in time, and notify the relevant departments to repair in time.

5, non-work needs, shall not use the fire control center internal telephone, non-fire control center personnel on duty are prohibited from entering the duty room.

6. Smoking, sleeping, reading, reading newspapers, etc. You are not allowed to enter the fire center during working hours, and you should go through the handover procedures when you leave your post.

7. When a fire is found, it should be handled according to the fire-fighting plan, and call the public security fire department 1 19 to report to the department head.

5. Enterprise Firefighters 5 1 Dongshi Editor tells you here that enterprise firefighters are commonly known as building (structure) firefighters, also known as fire wardens and fire patrols, and refer to personnel engaged in fire safety management, fire safety inspection and operation, maintenance and evaluation of building fire-fighting facilities. There are five levels of fireman occupation in buildings.

The main work includes:

(1) Fire safety inspection;

(2) fire control room monitoring;

(three) the operation, maintenance and evaluation of building fire control facilities;

(four) fire safety management and training;

(5) fire accident treatment, etc.