What are the historical achievements of Qian Yuansui, Qian Hongzhuo and Qian Hongkai?

. The monument of Qian Wang commemorates the five Qian kings of Wu Yue State in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In 923 AD, Qian Liu, a native of Lin 'an, established Wu Yueguo, with Hangzhou as its capital. At that time, it was called "Xifu", and Qian Liu was King Wusu. Later, there were Wen Mu Wang Qian, Zhong Xun Wang Qian Hongzuo, Wang, and * * III and Five Kings. These five kings have long adopted the national policy of "protecting the environment and protecting the people". Qian Liu, the first monarch of Wu Yue State, was born in the late Tang Dynasty. He witnessed the troubled times, young people joined the army, were brave and good at fighting, and made meritorious military service repeatedly. This "capture Liu alive and behead" was about the third year of the Tang Dynasty (883). At that time, the observation in eastern Zhejiang was in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), where Liu led troops to attack western Zhejiang. Qian Liu was a subordinate of the observation in western Zhejiang. In October, Qian Liu led the troops to fight Liu in Xiaoshan Xiling. Liu was defeated, but he was captured alive. Qian Liu personally punished Liu with a knife. After Liu was captured, he was transferred to Yuezhou as an ambassador, and Qian Liu was appointed as the secretary of Hangzhou in the third year of Tang Guangqi (887), which was an important turning point in Qian Liu's political career.

It is said that after Dong Changjin entered Yuezhou, Yuezhou was the first ancient city in eastern Zhejiang, with rich products and merchants. Dong Chang's ambition is increasing day by day. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (895), he proclaimed himself emperor in Yuezhou, and invited Qian Liu, the former staff, to "* * * enjoy splendor". Qian Liu retorted to Dong Chang, saying, "You can't be the emperor behind closed doors, you can only be with the people of Jiuzu. If you open the door for our time, you will be rich all your life. " But Dong Chang didn't listen to Qian Liu's advice. Qian Liu had to accept Tang Zhaozong's orders to crusade against Dong Chang. He sent Gu Quanwu to attack Yuezhou and captured Dong Chang alive. On the way back to Hangzhou by boat, Dong Chang said that Qian Gong and I are fellow villagers and have always been his immediate boss. Today, I really have no face to go back to see you. Then he drowned. This picture is about this scene. (Qian Liuping decided that Dong Changzhi's rebellion was meritorious and was rewarded by the court. In the third year of Ganning (896), Qian Liu was appointed as the military envoy of Zhenhai and Zhendong. It can be said that from then on, Qian Liu basically controlled the land of Zhejiang, which laid the foundation for the later establishment of Wu Yueguo. )

Let's take a look at this picture "The Battle of Wolves and Mountains", which tells the story of Liang Zhenming's five years (9 19). Qian Liu sent his son Qian to lead the navy to fight Yang Xingmi in Langshanhe (now Jinghai County, Tongzhou). Fire more than 400 enemy ships and defeat Yang Xingmi. After this battle, the two sides stopped fighting for more than 20 years. It was in this battle that his seventh son Qian performed well and was appointed as the heir to the throne by Qian Liu.

The last one is called "Wang Ye's Achievement". Because of his outstanding achievements in governing the two Zhejiang regions, Qian Miao was made king for many times. In the second year of Tang Tianfu (902), he became the King of Yue; In the first year of Tang Tianyou (904), he was named King of Wu; In the first year of Kaiping in Hou Liang (907), it was named Yue. In the third year of Liang Long (923), Qian Liu was made King of Wu Yue by Hou Liang, and Wu Yue State was established with its capital in Hangzhou. At this point, Qian Liu truly achieved Wang Ye, and Hangzhou began to establish its status as an ancient capital. In the more than 90 years of governing Hangzhou, Qian's three generations and five kings have been postponing the war and devoting themselves to domestic economic construction. Now, let's go to the opposite "Wenzhi" Heroes Hall and see how Qian Wang ruled the country and leveled the world. "Wu" goes to the middle of "Wen" and explains the classics.

The two classic buildings we are passing through were in Fengxian Temple as early as the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (969). Fengxian Temple is Qian's home temple. In the second year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1035), Yan Shan, the abbot of Lingyin Temple, moved them to both sides of the Tianwang Hall of Lingyin Temple, and now they are provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Our two buildings were slightly reduced and rebuilt in the style of Lingyin Temple.

Everyone in the hall, please come and have a look at the showcase here! The exhibits on display here are called "Golden Book and Iron Voucher". The "Golden Book and Iron Voucher" is a keepsake given by the ancient emperor to ministers. After Qian Liu put down Dong Changzhi's rebellion, Tang Zhaozong gave him this "golden book and iron coupon" as a reward. The iron coupon is made of iron with 325 gold characters embedded on it, which records the reason and significance of issuing the iron coupon. This kind of "golden book iron coupon" is not only a very high honor, but also a special purpose. If Qian Liu and his descendants violate the criminal law, they can be exempted from punishment or even death penalty with this iron ticket. The original of the Golden Book and Iron Voucher is currently at the Chinese History Museum in Beijing. You can have a look at it when you have the opportunity.

The five paintings on the wall here show the achievements of Qian Liu's "Wen Zhi".

Let's take a look at Zhu Sanhang City first! After Qian Liu made a history of Hangzhou, he made a lot of efforts in the urban construction of Hangzhou, and once carried out three large-scale wall expansion and reconstruction projects. The first time was in the first year of Tang Zhaozong Dashun (890), in the southwest of Laohangcheng, from Baojiashan to Qinwangshan (now west of Pagoda of Six Harmonies), and then turned north, from Qianwangling (now the area where tigers run) to the lake to build a wall, which was more than 50 miles long. Historically, it was called the "Clip City". Three years later, Qian Liu built Luocheng (Outer City), which greatly expanded the scope of Hangzhou, equivalent to Pagoda of Six Harmonies in the south, Houchaomen to Genshanmen in the east, Wulinmen in the north, Yongjinmen and Qingbo Gate in the west, making the whole city of Hangzhou form a waist-drum terrain with slender north and south and narrow east and west, so Hangzhou is also called "waist-drum city". For the third time, after the establishment of Wu Yueguo, Qian Liu built a royal city under the Phoenix Mountain, also known as Zicheng and Yacheng, which is the seat of Qian Liu's military and political institutions. "The third floor of Hang Cheng" constitutes the basic pattern of Hangzhou city.

The story here tells the story of Qian Liu building a seawall and shooting tides to eliminate the harm of tidal water in Qiantang River. These wonderful contents have vivid scene demonstrations behind a light hall. I will give you a detailed introduction there, so I won't go into details here.

This picture of dredging the West Lake tells another great achievement of Qian Liu in water conservancy construction. As we know, the West Lake is an inner lake, and it is easy to become smaller or even disappear because of the deposition of weeds and lake mud. In history, many people of insight have dredged the West Lake several times on a large scale, such as Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty, Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty, Yang in the Ming Dynasty and Ruan Yuan in the Qing Dynasty. Qian Liu dredged the West Lake differently from them. He once set up a "Julio soldier" according to the military establishment, which was responsible for clearing the water system of Wu Yue State, especially the creeping weeds and silted lake mud in the West Lake. (Speaking of which, there is another story about Qian Liu protecting the West Lake. According to legend, after Wu Yueguo made Hang Cheng its capital, an alchemist suggested to Qian Liu that he learned from the night stars that Wu Yueguo's national fortune was only a hundred years, but if the West Lake can be filled up and a palace built on it, Wu Yueguo's national fortune will increase tenfold; Qian Liuxiao said that the West Lake is the livelihood of ordinary people. Without water, there would be no one, let alone a country that has not changed its Lord for thousands of years, so the alchemist was driven out. )

Let's take a look at this picture of the southeast Buddha country. The Buddhist activities in Hangzhou began in the Jin Dynasty, and in the wuyue period, the Buddhist activities in Hangzhou were in full swing because the three kings of Wu Yueguo believed in Buddhism very much. There are many monks, more than 300 pagodas and temples, and Sanskrit is widely circulated, enjoying the reputation of "Southeast Buddhist Country". Many existing ancient temples and pagodas in Hangzhou were built at that time, such as Zhaoqing Temple, Jingci Temple, Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Baita and Baokui Pagoda. In Wu Shan, Jade Emperor Mountain, Lingyin Feilaifeng and many other places, there are exquisite stone carvings left over from the wuyue period. These have now become valuable historical and cultural heritage of Hangzhou.

This picture of the southeast of Fu Jia is a harmonious picture of the social stability, economic prosperity and people's living and working in peace and contentment in Wu Yue State at that time. Qian's three generations and five kings adopted the national policy of "protecting the environment and protecting the people" for a long time, did not fight, vigorously developed agriculture, economy and trade, built water conservancy and road traffic, attached importance to education, and recruited talents extensively, so that Wu Yueguo, with Hangzhou as the center, was spared from war damage and its economy, culture and urban construction were greatly developed. As a result, Hangzhou rose rapidly and became the "first state in Southeast China". There is also a saying in history that "Qiantang is rich and southeast", which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Hangzhou today.

These exquisite porcelain in the showcase are imitations of Yue kiln celadon. The development of Wu Yueguo's productive forces promoted the progress of handicraft industry, and the porcelain-making industry made great progress and made outstanding achievements. Yue kiln celadon is exquisite in craftsmanship, bright in glaze color and turquoise. Lu Yu of Cha Sheng once praised the celadon of Yue Kiln, which was carefully fired for imperial use. It is a very famous "secret color porcelain" in the history of China porcelain and an important part of Wuyue culture.

Go out to the Five Kings Hall-stop in front of the hall and look at the plaque. Now let's go to the Five Kings Hall, which is the central building of the Qianwang Memorial Hall, where statues of the three kings are enshrined for everyone to see. The words "protect the environment and protect the people" on this plaque are a high summary of Wu Yue's general plan of governing the country by monarchs in previous dynasties. It is precisely because of the long-term implementation of this national policy that Hangzhou still achieved the first golden age of West Lake construction under the historical background of warlord melee at that time. In the middle of the hall is Qian Liu (852-932), a pioneer of Wu Yueguo, with beautiful words. She was born in Lin 'an, Hangzhou, and is a farmer. When I was a teenager, I sold smuggled salt, traveled to Zhejiang and witnessed the troubled times in the late Tang Dynasty. At the age of twenty, I joined the Volunteer Army and changed my name to Qian Liu. After joining the army, he repeatedly made meritorious military service and was reused. In the third year (887), Tang Guangqi was promoted to the secretariat of Hangzhou and took control of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. When the State of Wu Yue was established in 923 AD, Qian Liu always pursued the policy of "protecting the environment and protecting the people" and "people-oriented, food is the first thing for the people", rewarding reclamation and developing agriculture and mulberry industry; Corporal Li Xian is an outstanding talent. He settled the war of the buffer region and made important contributions to the stability and development of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Qian Liu died in Changxing in the late Tang Dynasty (932) at the age of 8 1 year, and was buried in Lin 'an. Qian Liu's tomb is still in Lin 'an, which is well protected.

After Qian Liu, after King Wenmu, this King Wenmu, money! He is the seventh son of Qian Liu. In his later years, Qian Liu helped him manage politics. During the mutiny, Xu () and Xu Zaisi (Xu Zaisi) proposed to go to Huainan as hostages and asked the soldiers to solve the siege of Hangzhou. In Zhenming, he defended the Yi Jinjun for three years (9 13) and the Wolf Mountain River War for five years (9 19), and was succeeded by Qian Liuli. During his ten years in office, he inherited Qian Liu's national policy of "doing good in the Central Plains and protecting the environment and people" and developed friendly exchanges with Japan and Silla. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Tian Fu died in six years (94 1) at the age of 55.

Subsequently, Qian Hongzuo, the loyal gentleman over there, succeeded to the throne. He is the sixth son of Qian. Tianfu six years (94 1) was successful. During his seven years in office, he lavished rewards on reclamation, which was quite effective. Then the throne passed to Qian Hongkui, the loyal king, who was the seventh son of Qian and succeeded by Qian Hongchu, the ninth son of Qian after half a year in office. Branch Wang Zhongyi money

After Qian Hongchu succeeded to the throne, he inherited the national policy of the former king, protected the environment and people, did good deeds in the Central Plains, and was very concerned about people's sufferings. By the year of 13, that is, in 960, the Song Dynasty, that is, the Northern Song Dynasty, was established in northern Zhao Kuangyin, and national reunification became the general trend. In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (978), Qian Hongchu followed the historical trend and returned the land of "one army and thirteen states" of Wu Yueguo to the Song Dynasty, which was called "seizing the land and returning it to the Song Dynasty" in history. This move promoted the peaceful reunification of the country, and allowed the people to peacefully pass the dynasty change under the circumstances of division and frequent wars at that time, so that the social and economic construction would not be destroyed by the war. Qingxitang in the back has a set of simulation scenes of "returning farmland to Song Dynasty". Let's feel the solemn atmosphere of this great historical moment! Go to Qingxi Hall in the back. You can also find an antique woodcut in the back. The old man is said to be the ancestor of the Qian family. His surname is Qian Ming Keng. He lived in the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, that is, Peng Zu, which is often heard in our folklore. It is said that he lived for more than 800 years and is a representative of longevity.

This celebration hall is the only building in the Qianwang Memorial Hall that can climb to the second floor. The book "Immortal Gloss" means that the achievements and prestige of the money king of Wu Yueguo have been passed down from generation to generation and continue to this day. Please go this way and turn right. Here is a map of the territory of Wu Yueguo, which shows intuitively how big wuyue was at that time. In history, the geographical scope of Wu Yueguo is east to the sea, west to Zhangzhou, south to Zhang Quan (Fuzhou) and north to Changrun (Suzhou), including the whole province of Zhejiang and parts of Jiangsu and Fujian. Please look at this side again. This is the distant ancestor of money and the genealogy of money. The descendants of money are like a leafy tree.

The three large 3D scenes in the middle are the simulation scenes of Qian Hongchu's return to the Song Dynasty. Here, Qian Hongchu set out for Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) to "offer soil", and the people of wuyue went out of the city to see him off; In the middle, Qian Hongchu presented a map of wuyue territory to Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi in the Golden Palace; The theme of the picture on the left is the construction of Baokui Tower. At that time, Qian Hongchu went to Bianjing to "offer soil", and the fate of this trip was uncertain. Wu Yue's ministers and people built a pagoda on the top of Gemstone Mountain to protect the safety of Qian Hongchu Tower. This pagoda is Baokui Pagoda. After thousands of years of wind and frost, it still stands on Baoshi Mountain and becomes a symbol of Hangzhou. According to legend, the royal family in the Song Dynasty affirmed Qian Hongchu's contribution to the Song Dynasty. Qian Sun (2002) ranked Qian as the second surname after Zhao when sorting out hundreds of surnames. )

Now let's go up the stairs from here to the second floor. On the second floor, there are some Qian's genealogy, books, portraits of Qian's descendants and their profiles. Just now, we already know that the descendants of money have been distributed in the north and south of the river for thousands of years. Because of their good housekeeping and respect for teachers and education, there are many talents in the descendants. According to records, Qian Liu, King of Wusu, wrote eight family instructions as early as the second year of Ganhua (9 12), and then accumulated and perfected them into ten legacy teachings. Education is so rigorous that so many people have been promoted to be officials in past dynasties. We show some here in chronological order, you can have a look. Since modern times in ......................................................, many outstanding figures have emerged in politics, science, literature, art, etc. Among them, Qian Qichen, the former vice premier of the State Council, Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist, and Qian Zhongshu, a famous writer, are familiar to us. Now let's visit Huaishen Hall. Down the stairs, go out is pregnant with the church.

There is Lanyuan Hall, and here is Huaishen Hall. The furnishings in the two halls echo each other. I'll take you to Huaishen Hall. These are murals of Kang Mausoleum. Kangling is the tomb of Qian's wife. 1996 was discovered in Xianglilin, Linglong Town, southwest of Lin 'an. This is a picture of the grave. The overall plane of Kangling is rectangular, and there is a blooming peony flower on both sides of the front room. This tree is a peony tree, painted with gold, red and green symbolizing wealth. There are niches embedded in the four walls of the back room, and twelve figurines are carved in the niches. Each figurine holds an animal in its hand, which makes up the zodiac. There are also dragons, white tigers, suzaku and Xuanwu painted on the wall, representing the four directions of Taoism. What is displayed here is half of the contents of the tomb, and the other half is displayed in the opposite Lanyuan Hall. Interested friends can take a closer look later. This photo is a real scene in the tomb of Shuiqiu, the mother of Qian Liu, the first monarch of wuyue. Next, we will go to Yiguangtang to listen to the story of Shui Qiusheng Qian Liu.

The courtyard entering Yiguangtang is called Yiguangtang, which is a group of sculptures of Poliujing, telling the story of Qian Liu's birth. In the sixth year of the Tang Dynasty (852), Qian Liu was born in a small place called Qianlong dock in Shijing Township, Lin 'an. This is Qian Liu's father, Qian Kuan, who said that Qian Kuan was working in the field that day. His neighbor, this one, came to tell his wife that she gave birth. Qian Kuan hurried home, only to see the room beaming, military forces. Qian Kuan felt that the child was ominous, picked him up as a baby and wanted to throw him into the well in the backyard. Fortunately, grandma stopped him and saved the child. The child's nickname is ". This well is still at the foot of Chen Gong Mountain in Lin 'an. You can visit Lin 'an when you have the chance. When Qianpo Liu was twenty years old, she signed up for the army. She thought the name "Qian Po Liu" was too corny, so she changed her name to Qian Liu.

Let's look indoors again. What is shown here is the scene of Qian Liu building seawalls and the scene of Qian Wang shooting tides. Hangzhou is located on the southeast coast, at the mouth of Qiantang River. During Wu Yueqian's six years, people along the river were often attacked by tides. Hou Liang Kaiping four years (9 10), Qian Liu mobilized more than 200,000 civilian workers. It took more than two months to build a "seawall" from South Pagoda of Six Harmonies to the gate of Beigen Mountain, which effectively curbed the harm of tidal waves to Hangzhou. According to legend, when the seawall was built, the tide rose, the wind and waves were fierce, and wooden stakes were repeatedly lifted, which caused great difficulties in construction. Qian Liu organized a large-scale ceremony of offering sacrifices to the Emperor of Heaven, Poseidon and the tide god, praying for the ebb tide, but it didn't work. In a rage, he sent three thousand arrows and took five hundred strong crossbowmen to the river to bend their bows and shoot them back into the tide. The legend of Qian Wang's shooting tide is very widespread, and it is unknown whether it really happened after thousands of years. But it also reflects from one side that Qian Liu did overcome all kinds of difficulties when building seawalls, and its strong will and extraordinary brave strategy can also be seen from it.