Application and demonstration of Beidou-1 satellite positioning communication in northwest field geological work

Based on 3S technology, the field experiment, demonstration and research of 3S technology (focusing on Beidou communication) were carried out in the key technology research and application project of field geological survey management and service 201~ 2012. Coordinate the operation and maintenance of Xi 'an Center node platform and general project, provide support for Xining and Urumqi field workstation nodes, establish a normalized collaborative service mechanism between regions and workstations, basically form a field geological work management and service grid system covering northwest China, establish a large-scale demonstration model, and comprehensively demonstrate and summarize the field geological survey work of geological exploration teams under their jurisdiction from the aspects of management service, node resource service, production scheduling, emergency rescue support and situation management.

In recent two years, the research group has selected four field project teams in Xi 'an Geological Survey Center, involving regional geological survey, detailed geological disaster survey, mineral survey and other fields, training and guiding field geologists to carry out Beidou communication application and test Beidou terminal and grid nodes.

I. Demonstration projects

(1) mineral prospect investigation demonstration project in Qingshizui area, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province

The work area is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, and the administrative division belongs to Menyuan Hui Autonomous County of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County of Xining City. Geographical coordinates: east longitude10115' 00 "~1600km2 00' 00", north latitude 37 10' 00 "~ 37 30' 00 ",covering four 65440.

The landscape characteristics of ETM ++ remote sensing images in the working area can be roughly divided into three types: middle and high mountains, low mountains and hills, and basins and valleys. That is to say, the tall and majestic Daban Mountain meanders in the middle of the work area in the northwest or northwest direction, and the continuous main ridge spans four maps of the work area1:50,000, which is mainly composed of medium and high mountain landforms; The Menyuan Basin on the north side of Daban Mountain is vast and flat, and the Datong River on the south edge of the basin flows from west to east. Xibaobao River in the south of Dabanshan Mountain and its banks are a small river valley turning from the near east to the southeast, forming the landscape of intermountain basins and river valleys. The area between these two landforms is a hilly landscape area. The working area is mainly in Dabanshan mountain area, where the vegetation coverage is very thick, the traffic is extremely underdeveloped, and the mountain is steep, and the gap between the top of the mountain and the foot of the mountain is large, usually between 800 ~ 1000 m, which makes it difficult to climb. Especially in spring and winter, the mountains are often covered with snow, which brings difficulties to field work.

The working location is located in the main ridge of Dabanshan Mountain, a branch of East Qilian Mountain. The direction of Dabanshan is northwest-southeast, which is consistent with the direction of regional tectonic line. The mountains and rivers in the area are interlaced, the mountains are steep and the valleys are narrow. The highest elevation in the local area is Daban Mountain, and the lowest elevation is 2650m, which is Datong River. The general elevation is 2900 ~ 4 100 m, and the specific height is 1200 ~ 1654 m, which belongs to the deep excavation area of high mountains.

The water system in this area is very developed. Datong River and Baoku River flow through the survey area from northwest to southeast and east, with abundant water and large drop. The river is so fast that people and animals can't cross it. There is a suspension bridge for people and animals to pass. In addition, there are perennial and seasonal tributaries on both sides of Datong River and Baoku River, and the water system is pinnate in northeast, northwest and near north-south direction. Zhang Ning (Xining-Zhangye) Highway and Minmen (Minhe-Menyuan) Highway pass through the southwest corner and northeast corner respectively. Xiadaban highway runs through the middle of the survey area in the north-south direction, with convenient transportation. The slopes on both sides of Daban Mountain and Huashan Mountain in the southeast of the survey area are steep and narrow, with complex terrain and difficult transportation, mainly carrying livestock.

The region belongs to continental climate, with four distinct seasons, dry winter and rainy summer. The precipitation period is May-September every year, with July-August as the most. Snowfall and hail are dominant in mountainous areas, while rainfall is dominant in river valleys. The climate in this area is obviously zonal, and the temperature changes with altitude. The mountainous area is cold and humid, the basin area is warm and dry, and the temperature changes greatly. The average annual temperature in mountainous areas above 3500m above sea level is below 0℃, and the annual extreme minimum temperature can reach -30℃. There is permafrost on the shady slope. The annual average temperature is 2 ~ 9℃ and the highest temperature is 30 ~ 34℃ in the valley area below 3500m above sea level. The frost-free period is from May to August, and the ice age is 10- the breezy season in April of the following year, full of northwest winds. Vegetation is developed and shrubs are everywhere, mainly including rhododendron, red willow, yellow thorn, black thorn and other genera. In addition, in forest areas such as birch and pine trees in Xianmi and Ketu.

The basins and banks of the larger valleys in this area are agricultural areas with dense settlements. Ethnic groups are mainly Han and Hui, while minority Tu and Tibetan are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. Crops mainly include highland barley, potatoes and oil crops. The foothills are pastoral areas, and the herdsmen are mainly Tibetans and Hui people.

Mainly mining, the mines are Tiemai Coal Mine and Songshu Nangou Gold Mine. Qingshizui town has a small oil mill, Qilian Mountain copper power plant and no other industries. Generally speaking, this area is relatively backward in economy and underdeveloped in industry, belonging to poor mountainous areas.

(2) Qinghai1:250,000 Bashkurgan Sheet (J46C00 100 1) and Mangya Town Sheet (J46C00200 1) regional geological survey (revision) project.

The work area is located at the junction of western Qinghai Province and southeastern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The main body is Altun Mountain, bordering Tarim Basin in the north and Qaidam Basin in the east, with an average elevation of 3,000-5,000 m. The highest peak is located at the western end of Yusupu Ariktage, with an elevation of 6062m m. The natural environment in the investigation area is extremely harsh and the traffic is inconvenient. Except Mangya Town-Ruoqiang County Highway (National Highway 3 15) runs through the survey area in the northwest direction, there are almost no lanes, which makes driving extremely difficult. The overall goal and task of the project is to use digital mapping method, comprehensively apply regional geophysical and geochemical remote sensing data, carry out adjustment and restoration investigation and special research in 1∶250000 area, and complete adjustment and restoration investigation in 1∶250000 area 19000km2.

The working area is located in the northwest edge of Qaidam basin, between Akkadeneng Mountain and Akkadimantag Mountain. Altun Mountain is located in the northwest edge and Kunlun Mountain is located in the south, which is the boundary between Qinghai and Xinjiang, with an altitude of 3 188 meters. Located in the hinterland of Eurasia, due to the influence of being far away from the ocean and Taklimakan desert, plus the high altitude and mountains, it is windy and rainy, with sparse vegetation and thin air. Its oxygen content is less than 70% in plain areas. The average annual temperature here is only 16℃. The annual precipitation is below 50mm, and the sunshine time is long, with an annual average of 3320 h h, and there is no absolute frost-free period. The climate is extremely dry and water resources are scarce. Natural conditions are harsh. Mineral resources mainly include zinc, salt, gypsum, especially asbestos, which is an important asbestos production base in China. Because there are asbestos miners' areas, the highway is the only dependence of Mangya Town's external traffic. There are highways leading to Lenghu Town, Chaka, Dunhuang and Golmud City.

(3) Detailed investigation project of geological disasters in Yushu Prefecture, Qinghai Province

The working area is located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spanning a vast area south of Kunlun Mountain and north of Tanggula Mountain. It is the main animal husbandry area in Qinghai Province, with an average elevation of over 4,200m ... The working area covers the administrative divisions of Chengduo County, Zaduo County, Zhiduo County and Qumalai County in Yushu Prefecture of Qinghai Province, with a total area of18.1877×104km2.

The demonstration area is located in the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the south of Qinghai Province, and Chengduo County in the northeast of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is a national nature reserve and one of the source counties of rivers. Bayan Kara, the middle branch of Kunlun Mountain, is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, with a main peak of 5,267 meters. The galloping Tongtian River has always been a natural barrier from west to east. Chengduo County is adjacent to maduo county in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the east, Qumalai County in the north and west, shiqu county in Sichuan Province in the southeast and Yushu County in the southwest across the river. Geographical coordinates are 32 53' 30 "north latitude ~ 34 47'10" east longitude 96 02' 36 "~ 97 21'24". East-west width 160km, north-south width more than 209km. Total land area of the county 15300km2. The territory has complex topography and high terrain, with an average elevation of about 4,500 m, an average annual temperature of 3.8℃ and an annual precipitation of 600 mm It is said that many counties have large river bed drops and rich hydraulic resources. The main rivers are Tongtianhe, Zhaqu, Duoqu, Xiaoqu, Dequ (Qu: Tibetan, meaning river) and lakes. The local wildlife resources are very rich. There are more than 60 kinds of fine grasses and more than 200 kinds of wild medicinal plants, among which the famous ones are Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria cirrhosa, rhubarb and so on. There are more than 80 kinds of wild animals, among which white-lipped deer, musk deer and lynx are famous. Mineral resources are rich and diverse. It is preliminarily proved that there are 13 occurrences, including more than ten kinds of gold, silver and antimony, with large mineral reserves, high grade and great development potential. Among them, the county has developed sand mining gold resources, with a gold mining enterprise and three mechanized gold mining boats. The annual output of finished gold in the county is above 100 kg. In terms of highway construction, the county has basically formed a highway transportation network with the county as the center, 2 14 national highway as the main skeleton and rural roads as radiation.

(4) Altun Dachaigou, Qinghai (J46E0050 1 1, J46E050 12, J46E050 13, J46E00601,J46E.

The work area is located at the junction of Gansu Province and Qinghai Province. The administrative division belongs to Aksai Kazak Autonomous County of Gansu Province and Lenghu Town of Qinghai Province. The terrain in the survey area is high in the middle and low in the north and south sides. The southern part is located in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, the northern margin is located in the southeastern margin of Tarim Basin, and the middle part is the eastern part of Altun Mountain. The overall elevation is relatively high, ranging from 2,400 to 5,000 m, mostly above 3000m m, with steep northern slope and great change in elevation difference, while the southern slope is relatively gentle.

The water system in this area is underdeveloped, with only intermittent rivers and no mainstream. The valley in the north is deep and narrow, with steep steps and walls everywhere, which is a typical deep cutting area; The south slope of Altun Mountain and the valley runoff of piedmont diluvial fan are long, and they are naturally close to desert or depression.

The working area belongs to continental desert climate, the plateau lacks oxygen and the climate is bad. The annual average temperature is below 4℃, and the temperature difference between day and night can reach 25℃. Summer is hot and dry, winter is cold, and the four seasons change greatly. June-August is the rainy season, with annual precipitation of 20-50 mm, and the windy season of March-August, with mostly northwest and southeast winds, and the maximum wind force is 8 ~ 10.

Most of the working areas belong to Xinjiang Altun National Nature Reserve, and the vegetation is extremely undeveloped. A few herbs and drought-tolerant plants such as Populus euphratica, Salix psammophila and Haloxylon ammodendron grow along the local gullies and catchments. Wild animals include wild camels, wild donkeys, argali, rock sheep, antelope, wolves, snow leopards, bears, minks and so on. There are no fixed residents, only a few nomadic people are engaged in grazing.

The area is rich in mineral resources, and the main minerals are gold, copper, lead, zinc, asbestos, gypsum and mirabilite. Except for asbestos, most other minerals are in the inspection-exploration stage.

2. Field demonstration process of field geological work management and service based on 3S technology

(1) technical training

In order to ensure that Beidou communication technology can be applied to field geological work as soon as possible in 20 12 and fully implement demonstration work, a seminar and training meeting on key technologies of field geological work management and service based on 3S technology was held in Xi 'an on April 20 16, focusing on application training and technical discussion for field demonstration project team. We also invited Xining field workstation in Qinghai and Urumqi field workstation in Xinjiang to attend the meeting, discussed the mutual support between Xi 'an central node and Xining and Urumqi field workstation nodes, and established a normalized collaborative service mechanism between regions and workstations.

(2) Equipment configuration

1) The command and antenna of Beidou Center are located in the computer room of Xi 'an Center for supervision by the leaders of units and departments.

2) 2) The 3S project team will go to each field station, set up a general commander, connect notebooks, and accept the supervision of the project leader at the station.

3) Divide the field project team into two teams, each with 2-3 people, and equip the driver and the field geological team with a PDA and Beidou terminal respectively.

(3) Develop a detailed workflow.

1) Before going out to the field every day, the project team will hold a meeting to formulate the detailed work tasks and workflow for that day.

2) The person in charge of the project will send the work tasks and workflow of the day to the field teams through the Beidou chief commander.

3) Before leaving the station, the on-site team sends the departure information to the commander respectively, and starts the route trajectory for continuous positioning.

4) After arriving at the site work area, the site team sends the safe arrival information and positioning information to the resident commander and another site team.

5) Field geologists start to work with a set of Beidou equipment, and drivers hold a set of Beidou equipment for communication.

6) In the field investigation, field geologists will use Beidou terminal to send the problems found to the field station and another field team for consultation at any time.

7) The on-site team will work every 2 hours in the on-site work. If everything goes smoothly and safely, press "Safety" with one key and report to the commander; In case of emergency, you can press "Danger" with one key and report to the commander, who will arrange corresponding rescue immediately after receiving the information.

8) After the on-site team completes the work, it sends the information of completion and location to the driver, another team and the station.

9) After receiving the completion information of the site team, the driver will arrange a meeting and send a safety report to the site station after receiving the site team.

10) After all the field teams have been closed and returned to the site, the project leader will send a safety report to the central commander of the project unit, and the co-commander.

Third, the result of field demonstration.

(a) Field demonstration of trajectory tracking

See Figure 7-34 for the track playback of the field demonstration route of the project "Mineral Prospective Survey in Qingshizui Area, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province" on July 6, 20 12. See Figure 7-35 for the playback chart of track tracking and positioning from Xining to Yushu from July 20 13 to June 20 12 15. On July 29th, 20 12, the digital mapping system was used to query the playback chart of Beidou satellite positioning work track, as shown in Figure 7-36 and Figure 7-37.

Figure 7-34 Playback of Field Demonstration Route Track of Mineral Exploration and Investigation Project in Qingshizui Area, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province

Figure 7-35 Track Tracking and Positioning Playback along Xining-Yushu

Figure 7-36 Digital Mapping System Queries the Playback Diagram of Beidou Satellite Positioning Trajectory

Figure 7-37 Digital Mapping System Queries the Playback Diagram of Beidou Satellite Positioning Trajectory

(2) Using Beidou satellite equipment to record short messages in the field.

1) See Figure 7-38 for safety record information.

Figure 7-38 Safety Report Information

2) See Figure 7-39 for business communication information.

Figure 7-39 Business Communication Information

3) See Figure 7-40 for positioning coordinate information.

Figure 7-40 Positioning coordinate information