What is the development and trend of intelligent building industry in China?

In China, the real scale of intelligent buildings is around 1992. Encouraged by Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech on his southern tour, he reiterated the general policy of China's reform and opening up, and built several development zones in various places, especially opening up the real estate market. In such a climate, the scale of construction has expanded unprecedentedly. At the same time, the construction standards and facilities specifications, after a series of investigations on foreign situations, require to improve the level and gradually integrate with foreign countries. Under this background, some international advanced products and brands related to intelligent buildings have entered China one after another, bringing the latest technology. As a result, the demand of the big environment and the possibility of technology are combined, and the development is sudden and irreversible.

It can be said that the development of intelligent buildings in China occupies the superior conditions of favorable weather, favorable geographical position and harmonious people. The so-called "favorable weather" is the general environment of reform and opening up. Coupled with the rapid development of science and technology at that time, the so-called "harmony between the right time and the right place" is the land where China was once "poor and white", which just painted the latest and most beautiful picture, and the so-called "harmony between people" is the desire and demand of our people for reform and opening up. It's really a good thing and very satisfying. Without these advantages, the "intelligence" of buildings will also develop, because this is an inevitable trend in history, but it may be much slower, not so fast, and it will develop on a large scale. Since the mid-1990s, due to the unusually large scale and fast speed of China's economic construction, China has actually formed the largest and fastest intelligent building market in the world. Enterprises engaged in this business have mushroomed, and some well-known foreign brand products and supporting software and hardware systems have flocked to this fertile market.

This market started with real estate development, followed by network wiring industry and enterprises in the fields of automation and communication. The start-up of these industries has affected the scientific research and design departments. After overseas enterprises entered the China market, they brought some latest international technical achievements and information, which fully brought China's technical circles into line with international standards in design, installation, inspection and maintenance, and played an important role in rapidly improving and catching up with the world level in this technical field.

From 1992 to 1995, the scale and speed of the early intelligent building market expanded rapidly. Due to the rapid momentum, insufficient technical preparation and lagging management, some incomplete technical concepts are quite popular in the market during this period, such as: requiring intelligent buildings to "15 or not fall behind in 20 years": the more "A", the smarter they are. At the same time, because the market has just been established, intelligent buildings have distinct characteristics of the times, which is not only the general trend of scientific and technological development, but also the voice of people with social needs, and has obvious value-added effect on buildings. Therefore, once this market was put forward, it developed rapidly, especially in the early stage, and the profit was considerable. Therefore, this is a hasty action. Owners don't know much about this, but manufacturers are not good at it, and technicians can't come up with technical support measures and methods, so the disorderly development of the market is very chaotic. In this case, Shanghai East China Architectural Design Institute first formulated the Design Standard for Intelligent Buildings (DBJ08-47-95), which later became the local standard in Shanghai. This standard was promulgated in 1995 and implemented in 1996. In fact, as early as its brewing stage, the discussion draft has spread all over the country. It can be seen that the technical community was eager to get the specifications of intelligent buildings at that time. At this point, Shanghai standards have played an irreplaceable role in this industry, which has brought a good start for the standardized and orderly development of the industry. This should go down in history. During the period from 1996 to 1998, many works on intelligent buildings and related technologies (especially integrated wiring) were published one after another. Although people still have objections to the formulation in some works, on the whole, the promulgation of standards and the popularization of works have promoted the standardization of the industry and gained the understanding of * * *.

During this period, some latest international advanced technologies and concepts entered China. In the field of engineering technology in China, driven by the thirst for new knowledge and technology, technicians quickly learned these latest technologies and applied them to engineering practice. After several years of practice, a number of intelligent buildings have emerged, which have played an exemplary role in the development of the industry. After practice, China's technical team tends to be mature, and a number of well-known foreign brand products have entered China, narrowing the gap between China's intelligent building industry and the international level. But our management still can't keep up with the fast-developing industry situation.

An important symbol is 1997, 10. In June, the Ministry of Construction issued document "97" No.290, namely "Interim Provisions on Engineering Design Management of Building Intelligent Systems", which is the first document on intelligent building management issued by the Chinese government. It announced the government's determination to manage and rectify this industry in order to make this market more reasonable and standardized. It should be said that the publication of this document is a milestone from extensive to standardized management for this industry. Although there are still some problems in the implementation due to the problems of system and management operation, it clearly points out some main management problems in the construction and development of intelligent buildings, namely:

1, which defines the connotation of building intelligent system engineering.

2 clear "intelligent building system engineering design work by the construction administrative department of the State Council management".

3. The establishment procedure of intelligent building project is stipulated.

4. Clarify the guiding ideology of intelligent building design.

5. It is clearly stipulated that the engineering design of building intelligent system should be fully responsible by the engineering design unit of the building or complex.

6. The design of intelligent buildings must be carried out by design institutions with Grade A design qualifications, and system integrators with special engineering qualifications must carry out system deepening design.

7. The deepening design of the system must be optimized and debugged according to the design scheme, and the property management personnel should be trained to provide technical support and maintenance.

8. The project will be evaluated one year after the intelligent building is put into operation.

The basic content of the above documents should be said to be a summary of important issues related to intelligent buildings, such as leadership system, connotation, technology, ownership, responsibility, standards and evaluation. In addition to the expansion of the connotation of intelligent buildings in recent years, other management concepts and methods are correct and timely. However, some provisions need to be further enriched and supplemented. Nevertheless, this document has played an important role in the orderly and healthy development of the industry.

In order to assist the government to lead the industry and promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole industry, the Survey and Design Department of the Ministry of Construction has set up an expert working committee for building intelligent system engineering design, which serves as the government's staff, consultant and assistant to provide services for the whole industry. Since its establishment more than two years ago, it has carried out many activities, done a lot of work in market regulation, technical standard formulation, technical exchange and promotion, and participated in international exchange activities, which has played a very good role.

1998 document number 194 issued by the Ministry of Construction is the following document < 97 >; Another influential document after the promulgation of Document 290. This is the Interim Measures for the Administration of Special Qualification of Building Intelligent System Engineering Design and System Integration and related qualification standards. In this document, it is stipulated that design institutions and system integration institutions engaged in intelligent building design and intelligent building system integration should have their own professional qualifications. It is the concrete embodiment of the survey and design qualification management and intelligent system engineering design management of the Ministry of Construction in intelligent buildings. Because this document involves the access conditions of the professional market, it has a great shock to the whole industry. 1the first batch of pilot projects was carried out at the end of 1998. Since then, by the end of 2000, more than 700 units with professional qualifications have been approved, of which design institutions, system integration units and subsystem integration units each account for about one third. Now this condition has been accepted by the society and has become one of the necessary conditions for bidding in this market. This professional qualification has become a major measure to rectify the intelligent building market. After the pilot, it has been put into normal operation and approved regularly every year.

In the construction of intelligent buildings in recent ten years, a number of intelligent buildings with high technical level, perfect facilities, obvious benefits and proper management have been built. Through the training of engineering practice in recent years, a large number of design and installation technicians who are not inferior to the international level have grown up. It should also include China technicians working in foreign companies, as well as the vast number of agents and system integrators, who can get in touch with the latest technological achievements earlier and faster, and can introduce the most advanced technology and management experience at the fastest speed.

But overall, industry management and market rectification are just the beginning, especially in technology. Therefore, the State Bureau of Technical Supervision and the Ministry of Construction promulgated the national standard "Intelligent Building Design Standard" (GB/T503 14-2000) in July 2000, which was edited by Shanghai Hyundai Design Group and Beijing Architectural Design Institute. The national standard formulated by China Electronic Engineering Design Institute and the Expert Working Committee of Building Intelligent System Engineering Design of the Ministry of Construction is more practical than the Shanghai local standard five years ago, and basically summarizes the construction experience of intelligent buildings in recent ten years. It was also formulated by experts from the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Information Industry and the Ministry of Public Security. This standard was implemented in June 5438 +2000 10, which should play a role in unifying technical requirements. The code for acceptance of intelligent building construction has also been formulated.

After years of construction, the appeal of intelligent building has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. New public buildings have become the basic requirements of building equipment automation, communication system, computer network, safety protection system and fire protection system. In this case, the formulation of "intelligent" system tends to fade. This is actually a good thing. Only in this way can these functions be truly popularized.

In recent two years, intelligent buildings have developed from office buildings to intelligent houses and residential quarters. In this regard, the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center of the Ministry of Construction has done a lot of work. On the basis of the symposium on intelligent housing held at the beginning of 1999, in April of the same year, the office of housing industrialization and the survey and design department jointly issued a document to declare the "National Intelligent Technology Demonstration Project of Residential Quarters" nationwide. After several months of application and screening, seven demonstration sites were selected in early 2000. In the future, the implementation of these communities will be tracked, and acceptance will be carried out after completion, and the subsequent operation will be observed. In August 1999, the notice of "Several Opinions on Promoting the Modernization of Housing Industry and Improving the Quality of Housing" forwarded by the State Council General Office gave strong support to the modernization, intelligence and informatization of housing. At the end of 1999, the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center issued the Key Points and Technical Guidelines for the Construction of the National Intelligent System Demonstration Project in Residential Quarters (Trial Draft), which played a unified role in promoting the standardization of the intelligent market in residential quarters. At the same time, the Outline of National Intelligent Technology Demonstration Project for Residential Quarters was issued, and the concrete implementation outline of intelligent demonstration quarters was made.

In less than two and a half years, so many management methods and documents have been issued for the special technology of "intelligence", which is not too strong compared with other industries. Although there are still some problems in these management methods. Or it is still difficult to implement, or some regulations need to be further revised through practice, but after all, there are rules to follow. Legislation always has a continuous cycle from the masses to the masses, and the process of continuous improvement always has a breakthrough from scratch.

The government has been paying attention to the development of this industry. In the past ten years, no less than 2,000 or 3,000 engineering achievements have been declared for completed intelligent buildings in only a few batches of qualification evaluation, with more than 10000 employees. We have built Jinmao Tower, Shanghai Museum, Beijing Foreign Ministry Office Building, Oriental Plaza, China Industrial and Commercial Bank Head Office, Shenzhen Wang Di Tower, Guangzhou CITIC Plaza and other international-class buildings, all of which have very complex functional requirements and have realized these requirements. We built them with our own hands, and they work normally, which shows that our intelligent building technicians and workers in China can master this advanced technology. In less than ten years, we have made achievements no less than those of internationally renowned projects. In the future, we will make intelligent building technology provide safer, more convenient, more comfortable and more affordable buildings and buildings for China, and create a more intelligent working, living and learning environment worthy of the information age for our people. The government will also continue to strengthen management and guide the industry to move forward on a healthier, stronger and more dynamic road.

With the development of the real estate market, the intelligent building market is booming, but it has never been depressed because of the adjustment of the real estate market. It has been prosperous for nearly ten years, which shows that this market should have the advantages of good weather, geographical location and human harmony. It can also be seen from the macro development of this industry that in the information age of 2 1 century, intelligent buildings will be popular. This is an inevitable trend of historical development and irreversible.

As far as the industry itself and the construction experience of special projects are concerned, we have concluded that we should pay attention to the following issues:

(1) Accurate building demand positioning is the primary problem of intelligent building construction.

(2) There should be a long-term overall planning, and the specific implementation should be gradual.

(3) Correctly handle the relationship between technological advancement and reliability. In engineering practice, if there is a contradiction between the two, the reliability and maturity of technology should be considered first.

(4) Ensure that funds are in place, live within our means and prevent waste.

(5) The system settings should be simply optimized to improve efficiency.

(6) The design should focus on the specific situation and highlight the architectural features.

(7) The system integration should be determined according to the needs, and it is not appropriate to blindly pursue "integration", and it is necessary to moderately leave redundancy.

(8) According to the best use of equipment, reject defective products.

(9) The safety system should pay equal attention to technical defense, civil air defense and physical defense.

(10) The implementation of the project shall strictly comply with the requirements of the specifications.

(1 1) Project planning should strive for a win-win solution.

(12) strives to establish an open platform to meet the different needs of various systems.

(13) Summarize experiences and lessons in time, and select the best ones for promotion.

Judging from the development trend of the industry, I think there is a question worth asking:

(1) Intelligent building has the characteristics of involving many industries. In addition to automation, computer network, communication, heating and air conditioning, and civil engineering, it has developed into an environmental protection and energy-saving technology in recent years. There has always been a saying in the world that "intelligent buildings are combined with green buildings". This development trend is extremely worthy of our attention. At present, many scientific and technological workers in China have set foot in this direction, and some public health experts have cooperated with us. Therefore, the connotation of intelligent building is still fixed in BA, 0A and CA, which cannot cover all its contents. It is likely that with the development of science and technology, its scope will expand in the future.

(2) Intelligent building has distinct characteristics of equipment and equipment system, and its life cycle is much shorter than that of building. According to the documents published by DEGW Company (1999) in Britain, the life cycle of buildings is 50-70 years, the life of electromechanical facilities is 15 years, and the life of communication facilities and systems is only 3 years. This means that communication equipment will face the problem of upgrading after three years. Moreover, the management of equipment and equipment systems is much more complicated than that of buildings. Therefore, for the construction of intelligent system, we should not only pay attention to "construction" but ignore "management", or only consider the "hardware" construction of equipment and ignore "management and operation" after construction. quot。 It should be noted that even the best equipment and system cannot be operated and used without qualified personnel and necessary management system. Therefore, we must attach importance to the construction of intelligent buildings from the beginning of project demand positioning to the acceptance and operation after project construction. Only a system with good operability and obvious benefits is a good intelligent system. Therefore, the construction of intelligent building can not be ignored, but the design and installation in the middle has not attracted enough attention at present.

(3) Looking at the problems reflected at present, tracing back to the source, I think: at present, we still have some basic theoretical problems about intelligent buildings or building intelligence that have not been clarified. For example, there is no internationally recognized explanation for the definition of intelligent building, and another example is "What is the relationship between intelligence and architecture? Quot and "how to embody people-oriented in intelligent buildings" have not been well explained. Although these problems seem to have no direct relationship with the actual engineering construction, they are the root of some vague concepts. In the spirit of "tracing to the source", I think these fundamental issues should be discussed under the guidance of the spirit of letting a hundred schools of thought contend. These issues have no authority, so we should discuss them on an equal footing and get a more reasonable statement through discussion. I think it's time to discuss these fundamental issues clearly.

(4) Intelligent building technology is developing very rapidly, especially because it involves a wide range of technologies. Therefore, high-tech in all walks of life will have a direct or indirect reaction to intelligent buildings. For example, the emerging Bluetooth technology in the communication industry in recent years, together with network appliances and computers, is likely to form a brand-new communication and control system. Another example is the new heating system, such as domestic gas stoves, electric heating technology and related control issues. Another example is the new air conditioning technology with better effect and more energy saving, whether it is variable air volume, ice storage, heat pump technology or even small central air conditioning, which brings new problems to the control technology. Broadband technology in the network and the entry of the Internet into thousands of households have also brought new topics to the communication industry. These latest technological trends in many industries are reflected in intelligent buildings. Therefore, we must closely follow these latest technological developments, absorb and digest them, and use them in our engineering practice.

Facing the surging tide of the information age in 2 1 century, our traditional industry with thousands of years' history, the construction industry, is facing strong challenges. This is how our ancient industry adapts to the requirements of the information age and remoulds itself. In this change, the "intelligence" of architecture will play a vanguard role. Go ahead and have a bright future.

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