Famous Confucian scholars in Wuyi in Qing Dynasty

Wu Yi was born in an official family, with a scholarly family. Wuyi's ancestral home is not in Yanshi. "The ancestors lived in Liaocheng County, Shandong Province, and a famous ancestor was stationed in Huaiqing with the headquarters, so he was from Henan." (Liaocheng, Shandong, now Liaocheng, Huaiqing, now Qinyang, Henan) Gao Zuwei De, under his leadership, "moved from Huaiqing Army to Yanshi" during the Shunzhi period. Great-grandfather taboo Han Wei and taboo John, presented to the government doctor official department seal inspection department card shark. My grandfather was afraid of dragons, so he gave the article to the county magistrate, the gold to the doctor, the official department minister, and the third one was recorded in the county annals. His father, Wu Shaozhou, was far-sighted and knowledgeable. He was a scholar of Guimao in Yongzheng and a doctor in the official department. He was an honest official, praised by people at that time, and had the greatest influence on Wu Yi.

Wuyi 1745 was born in Jingdi, and was brought up with family education. He loved reading since he was a child, and his behavior was different from that of his peers. "Billion was born in Beijing, less different table, no play. At the age of eight or nine, Zhu Mo decided to adopt the celebrity system of the Ming Dynasty, which surprised his father. At the age of twelve, he can "read the philosophers of the Nine Classics and write thousands of words for the text". When the teacher teaches him classics and history, it is difficult to "ask each other questions".

Unfortunately, martial arts did not reach the weak crown, and his parents died one after another, which made him "mourn and destroy the barren land, and study and encourage himself." Because "Billion's father died in the Qing Dynasty, and he was an official at home and abroad for more than 30 years, and his family had no money to save", Wuyi did not ask about his livelihood, his parents died, and he lived in poverty. "Roy's value overflowed, his family exhausted, and Billion was elevated to study in a small room." The conditions are very difficult, but he still studies hard.

In the thirty-first year of Qianlong (1766), Wuyi took the county exam at the age of 21 and won the first place. In the second year, he entered the county school and was an additional student. After thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770), he won the sixth place after the provincial examination. However, due to "giving lectures in the countryside and trying to learn from others", his knowledge was not improved, and he failed in the next three exams, and his career was frustrated until he met Zhu Yun. Zhu Yun is knowledgeable and well-read. He is the "ancestor of Gan Jia Pu Xue" and "the ancestor of Gan Jia Pu Xue". Wu Yi has great respect for him. Forty-two years after Qianlong (1777), Wu Yi took the exam for the third time. In February, under the recommendation of Cao Xibao, Wu Yi stayed in Zhu Jun Building of Beijing Pavilion. In Zhumen School, "I buy different books every day, and the epigraphy and ancient prose I get are textual research, and the more I learn, the more I learn". Zhu Yun's reputation in China is negative. Many scholars in his school are brilliant and open-minded. Wu Yi's friendship with him broadened his horizons and made great progress in his knowledge. "He is proficient in Confucian classics, giving lectures on the basis of Confucianism, scholars and philosophers, and not following the hypothesis that people in Song and Ming Dynasties are empty", which laid a solid foundation for Sinology. At the same time, there was a breakthrough in the imperial examination. Forty-five years after Qianlong (1780), Wu Yi took the fourth exam, ranking tenth in the top three, and was "given the same background as a scholar and used by the magistrate". In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (179 1), Wuyi embarked on his official career and served as the magistrate of Boshan County (now Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province). With the goal of studying and using the world, he applied Confucian classics to realistic governance. Specifically, his political achievements are mainly reflected in four aspects: First, loving the people like children and abolishing monetary politics. In Boshan, Wuyi "asked about the advantages and disadvantages of local conditions, glazed pottery was exempted from tribute, skin coal was used as feed, and Lima beans did not tire people." If you refuse to stay in prison, you will pray for rain. " "There are traitors and businessmen living together in the temple, which is illegal. You should severely punish them and change their customs." It can be said that Wu Yi has made some contributions to frivolous taxation and the maintenance of local public security. Second, lead an honest and clean life. When Wuyi first arrived in Boshan, she vowed to be honest and never corrupt. "There are bribes, but dare not go in. Value the thunder and say,' Don't you smell the thunder? I have been praying for a long time. "The briber stopped." Third, we should pay more attention to education and morality, and have a sincere style of study. He denounced the Twelfth Division of Taoism, eliminated Buddhist temples, and ordered monks and nuns to grow their hair and return to the secular world. When you are far away from home, you will talk about rural conventions, and treat each other with sincerity because of teaching instructions. And donated money to establish the Pan-Spring Academy next to the Fan Wenzheng Temple in the east of the city, so that Boshan was "sensational". Fourth, hate evil, punish evil and promote good. Since the Ming dynasty, it has developed into a handicraft business center, with cars and horses coming and going, bustling streets, and Boshan "street curtains and drums, skirts blowing;" Above or above, noisy. If you don't love the teeth of profit, you will be a drunkard who enjoys blogging. Social strata are divided, the relationship between residents is complicated, and the phenomenon of bureaucratic tycoons bullying the weak occurs from time to time. Wuyi is not afraid of powerful people, hates evil as hatred, punishes evil and promotes good, and is praised. Among them, the bitter struggle of Xiao Shenyang is the most praised. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), Xiao Shenyang took charge of the imperial court and led the army to war. He heard rumors that after the Wang Lun Uprising in Changqing was put out, Wang Lun did not die, but his whereabouts were unknown. Constipation sent some servants to look around for its trace. Cao Junxi and Du Chengde recruited eleven scoundrels in the name of arresting, and they ran rampant in various counties. " He served all his disciples, holding swords and being abused by the people, counting counties. Dare not ask. "After coming to Boshan, they even took iron ruler in the mall and drank freely, and no one dared to ask. When Wu Yi heard about it, he caught the gang to the county government. First, everyone became stubborn, and then threatened to take out the license issued by the prefect. Wu Yi asked, "Since the permit ordered you to cooperate with the local government to catch thieves, why didn't you report it for three days? "Moreover, only two people were sent on the license plate. Why are they in droves? " Du Chengde and his party were speechless. Wuyi ordered them to be glued one by one according to law, and the people cheered. Qing Ji, the governor of Shandong Province, was worried that he was "tired of being an official" and took a "willful crutch" to change posts illegally. After the news that Wu Yi was dismissed from office came out, more than 0/000 people from Boshan urban and rural areas/kloc-came to Shandong Governor's yamen to "beg me to be a good official", but they didn't get a satisfactory answer. "The day is (Wuyi) transported to the salary plan, and the door is like a city." Qing Ji was deeply moved and went to the capital to try to save the situation. In the end, because Xiao Shenyang controlled political affairs and took charge of the official department, he failed to get what he wanted.

Wu Yi was dismissed for this, but won the hearts of the people, forcing small Shenyang not to fight again. Later, Yao Nai praised Wu Yi's move as "great fortune in the world". After Wu Yi dismissed from office, she started her teaching career at the invitation of Wen Qi Academy in Dongchang, because her family was poor, she had no money to return to her hometown, and she was "unwilling to worry about Boshan's elders". After that, he presided over Yanshi Ercheng Academy and gave lectures at Feng Chun Academy in Dengzhou. , tirelessly preaching and teaching. Everywhere I go, I teach my disciples with primary schools, classics and ancient Chinese. His works are classic and ancient, and there is a tendency to worship the ancient. He educated his descendants: "reading is practical in the current period, and practicality is nothing more than the study of geography, which means that mountains and rivers are the key to Tianjin and you can know everything like the back of your hand."

Wu Yi loved epigraphy since he was a child. After he was dismissed from office, he devoted himself to research and became a famous epigraphist in the Qing Dynasty. The main works of epigraphy include Three Postscripts of Jinshi, Postscripts of Continued Jinshi, Supplementary Notes of Yanshi Epigraphy, Prehistory, etc. Fan Jiang, a scholar, said in A Record of the Master of Chinese Studies: "(Wu Yi) loves Cui Mo, and wherever he goes, such as Songshan and Taidai, he must record handwritten copies when he meets stone carvings, remove moss, show his model to the fullest, or he can't apply felt vertebrae." He also said, "Yanshi Xing Zhuang lived for more than ten miles, and the people dug a well to get an epitaph of Jin, which was more than two feet long and weighed (nearly) one hundred Jin." During the reign of Qianlong Jiayin (1794), Ruan Yuan, a famous scholar, invited Wu Yi to participate in the school's Zuoshan Stone Story.

Wu Yi is a famous local historian. He has compiled Lushan County Records, Baofeng County Records, jia county County Records and Anyang County Records. He also participated in the compilation of Yanshi County Records presided over by Sun Xingyan, a magistrate of a county, and was responsible for epigraphy. Among them, Anyang county annals have a great influence and are regarded as a model of county annals. Ji Yun (word Xiaolan), a university student and editor-in-chief of Sikuquanshu Library, wrote a preface for him, saying, "Try reading this book, the order is better and it is older. Draw a picture first, then draw a table and outline it; Second, aim at ambition, second, preach, second, analyze its purpose; The temple is a catalogue of ancient people, unlike the poems attached to the people. Is its style not good? And every article should have textual research, not just a miscellaneous attack on the old text. Is it untrue? "

Wu Yi is also good at classics, textual research, poetry and prose, and has written dozens of volumes such as Qunjing Yizheng, Classic Textual Research, Sanli Yizheng, Textual Research of Four Books and Poems for Teaching. Wu Yi is a great scholar with high attainments in literature, Confucian classics and local chronicles. He has been working hard all his life on epigraphy. Fan Jiang, a Confucian scholar in the Qing Dynasty, once said in A Record of the Master of Sinology that Wu Yi "was happy with Cui Mo, and wherever he went, such as Songshan and Taidai, whenever he met stone carvings, he practiced hard on moss".

In fact, Wu Yi's obsession with epigraphy began in his youth. He went back to Yanshi with his parents and found that there were many historical sites in this area, and all kinds of inscriptions were filled in. He often wandered between abandoned temples and ruins alone, and occasionally found one or two ancient stone tablets, so he "stroked all day, or didn't return to waste food."

On one occasion, he heard that in Yanshi Xingshuang, ten miles away from home, a farmer found the epitaph of Jin while digging a well and bought it back in a hurry. The epitaph is more than two feet long and weighs dozens of pounds. Wu Yi, a scholar, just came back with this stone and was exhausted.

Wu Yi's dedication to the inscription is not due to anything else, but to the fact that the epitaph can "evaluate each other with the biographies of group history", which has irreplaceable historical value. Of course, it was also a fashion at that time to supplement history with inscriptions, and most of Wuyi's collections were unprecedented. The role of "collating the mistakes in the history of Confucian classics and making up for the lack of Confucian classics" is more obvious.

Later, according to the style of Notes on Ancient Books written by Ouyang Xiu, a Song Dynasty poet, and Jin Shilu written by Zhao Mingcheng, Wu Yi compiled three afterwords of Jinshi and recorded nearly 800 inscriptions from pre-Qin to Yuan Dynasty. For example, records such as "A Cliff Monument in Laojuntang, Longmen Mountain, which is called' the first father-in-law' is written in negative characters, which other monuments want to see" abound in his epigraphy works.

In addition, Wu Yi also participated in the compilation of many county chronicles, such as Yanshi Jinshi, Anyang Jinshi, Baofeng Jinshi and Lushan Jinshi, which were all compiled by him when compiling county chronicles. The synopsis of The Continuation of Si Ku Quan Shu praised him as "knowledgeable, especially fond of epigraphy, and his textual research ability is comparable to Qian Daxin's Epilogue of Epilography". Wuyi word virtual valley, and the word grant hall, number half stone mountain people. He respected Han Confucianism, paid attention to the textual research of Confucian classics and history, and founded the gifted school, which had a great influence at that time. After Wu Yi's death, his eldest son, Wu Muchun, collected his works and called them Confessions.

Wu Muchun's theory of "being born different, being able to keep family studies and being knowledgeable" is not simple. Wu Yichang taught his son that "reading is practical at present, and what is practical is nothing more than geography. It is said that mountains and rivers are the focus of Tianjin, and you can know it like the back of your hand." Wu Muchun learned knowledge and went the same way as his father.

"Wu Yi's works are many, involving epigraphy, Confucian classics, textual research and literature. During the Jiaqing period, Wu Muchun compiled "The Book of Lectures", with a total volume of 10, including 8 volumes of reading and textual research, 2 volumes of reading narrative, 8 volumes of group classics and righteousness, 3 volumes of rites and righteousness 1 2, and 2 volumes of supplement 12. Mr. Chao Huiyuan, the collector of Luoyang ancient books and the owner of Baihe study room, said.

In the 23rd year of Daoguang (A.D. 1843), Sun Wulei, the son of Wuyi, reprinted the teaching letter. "This engraving is the most complete preservation at present. Among them, two volumes of Confession Notes were added, totaling 10, and the ninth and 10 volumes were also called "sequels". There are 68 volumes of "The Book of Teaching" in the Baihe study room, which is an engraving during the Daoguang period. " Mr. Chao said that Wuyi was a famous Confucian scholar in Yanshi, with profound knowledge and incisive opinions, and his works were of great significance to Luoyang. "I pay special attention to Wu Yi's works. After 20 years' efforts, I have collected all versions of the letters of conferment, as well as Yanshi County Records, Lushan County Records and Anyang County Records which I participated in compiling during the Qianlong period.