A famous woman named Zhou in ancient times.

Zhou Xiuying, the leader of the peasant uprising in Qing Dynasty. Qingpu Baihetang Bay (now Qingpu, Shanghai) people. In the second year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1852), Yu Longguang, a magistrate of a county, also demanded the exempted money and grain within a time limit, which aroused public anger. Under the leadership of Zhou Xiuying and his father Zhou Lichun, Qingpu farmers rose up against grain. In September of the same year, they successively repelled the attacks of Qingpu Magistrate and Suzhou Magistrate. Zhou Xiuying took the lead, and the battle of Baihe River defeated the Qing army. Everyone sang a hymn to Zhou Xiuying: "Zhou Xiuying, the heroine of the female middle school, with tight red pants and a portable 120 Jin broadsword, killed four doors on the Tangwan Bridge."

The following spring, the Taiping Army captured Nanjing, and Zhou Xiuying and his daughter joined the Arhat Party, a secret organization of farmers in Jiading Nanxiang. With the help of Liulichuan, the Shanghai Knife Association, they held the Jiading Uprising and occupied Jiading on August 3rd (September 5th). Peasant Rebels successively captured six counties, namely Jiading, Shanghai, Nanhui, Chuansha, Baoshan and Qingpu, and changed the name of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The Qing court mobilized troops from the Soviet Union and Song Dynasty to counterattack Qingpu, and the city fell on August 20 (September 22) of the lunar calendar. Zhou Lichun was exhausted and captured, and died heroically.

Zhou Xiuying and Xu Yao, the Arhat Party, led some insurgents to retreat to Shanghai, continued to fight against the Qing army, and were promoted to female generals. After the fall of Qingpu, Baoshan and other counties, the Qing army besieged Shanghai, and Zhou Xiuying and the Knife Club soldiers held on to the county town of Shanghai for 18 months, making repeated military exploits. In the battle of Xianfeng every four years, Zhou Xiuying led more than 200 rebels to escape from Shanghai and defeated the Qing army. The Qing army colluded with the British and French invaders, built walls around Shanghai and besieged the rebels. The rebels were trapped in a food shortage. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1February 7), on the first day of the first month, it broke through the West Gate of Shanghai. Zhou Xiuying led the troops out of World War I and died near Hongqiao.

Zhou (1824- 1864), female, was born in Bijie County (now Bijie City), Guizhou Province in the late Qing Dynasty. She was a famous poetess and painter, and was also called "two gifted scholars in Guizhou" with Chen Zhenyun, a poetess and painter in Dading.

Wan Ru was born on April 14th, 4th year of Qing Daoguang, and died in Tongzhi for three years. His father, Zhou Fenggang, was an academician during the Daoguang period and was once known in Mianzhou, Sichuan. Husband Yude Huang, whose name is Meixi, is from Dading County, Guizhou Province. He was a supervisor during Daoguang's reign and was a treasurer of Guangdong Province. Huang Fu, a scholar, was a scholar in Jiaqing for six years. Jishi Shu, a bachelor of the Imperial Academy, was awarded the title of magistrate of a county in tangyin county, Henan. Wan Ru is very clever and eager to learn. He grew up in a literati family and was deeply influenced by it. He also worshipped Chen Geng, a famous educator and literary artist at that time (1795- 1853). His name is Xiyuan, and he is known as the owner of Yuan Tang, a native of Bijie, Guizhou. He was a juren of Daoguang, the head of Songshan Academy, for twenty-four years. He was known by Xu Naipu, a minister of the Ministry of War, and studied ancient times. He has lived in Sichuan with his father for more than ten years and often sings with local literati. He is called "a man who doesn't learn" because of his outstanding talent.

In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), Wan Ru married Huang Yude. After marriage, the husband sings with the woman, often with Zhang Yongkang (183 1- 1864, nephew of Wan Ru, scholar of Xianfeng for two years, official academician, assistant scholar).

Most of Wan Ru's poems were written during the period from Xianfeng to Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, when her husband Huang Yude was appointed as an official of Guangdong Fanku Guild Hall. Due to years of war and intermittent news between husband and wife, Wan Ru had to do housework for generations, plow Long Mu, press the thread with a needle, and his livelihood was at stake until his hard work was exhausted and his property was pawned. "Half an acre of spring vegetables with rain hoes" (mixed glory in early spring), "I am diligent in giving my life" (always imitating it in my heart) and "I can't make up for it at the wedding, but the bait will not be removed because I am sick" (I am sick and pregnant) are the true portrayal of her poverty and illness.

After three years of Tongzhi (1864), Wan Ru got in touch with her long-lost husband Mei Xi. It should be a happy day, but the weather is not good. On the way to Guangdong, she was caught in a traffic jam and had to return to Yunyang, Sichuan, to live in the official residence of her brother-in-law Lingyang in Yunyang County. Soon, when he heard the bad news of Meixi, Wan Ru was filled with grief and anger, which made him die of a chronic disease at the age of 40.

Wan Ru's poems can be divided into two periods: his early works mostly focus on girlhood and the happy life after marriage, with rich feelings, rich flavor of life, relaxed and delicate sentences, lively and lively, like a spring cloud floating in the air; In the middle and late period, due to the turbulent situation, the husband and wife separated, the family wealth declined, and they suffered many misfortunes and their styles changed suddenly. The works are full of worries and worries about the social reality of corruption in the Qing court, the weakness of the country and the poverty of the people, and internal and external troubles. The style is gloomy and gloomy, and most of them are sad. Of course, there are also bold works by Su and Xin, and they are determined to "freeze the festival and strengthen the festival". For example, in "Singing in disguise", "It is shameful to wash lead makeup before it becomes a bright moon. I want to ride the wind and waves, and I can swim in the sky of five clouds. " His idea is to pretend to be a man, achieve the goal of ten thousand, and express his mind. Another example is the poem "Bingchen hangs a host in summer and May", which says, "May Emei be a scholar and dare to boast that fragrant teas are versatile." He expressed his dissatisfaction with the imperial examination system in feudal society and his great ambition, hoping to break the shackles of women's rights. Another example is "sending a husband to Beijing", "Yanshi should choose, but the giants should not vote." It can be said that the husband should be cautious in making friends and have a good career. It is more like "Yellow Mud Slope Method", "The big flag holds the road to cover the sky, and the horseshoe covers the mud. There are few birds around Yunshan, and the gravel in Yaocun is broken in the morning. " His feelings are deep, and his pen is full of blood and tears. He paints a sad picture, full of sympathy for the working people, and exposes the pain brought to the people by the war. His heart is no different from that of Du Gongbu and Qu Ling.

Wan Ru is not only good at poetry couplets, but also good at calligraphy and painting. In his poems, there are many poems with pictures. I saw the author's ink book "Poems in Yinqiu Mountain Pavilion" in the office of Mr. Xu in Liu Long Town, Dafang County. His calligraphy is fluent and beautiful, full of book spirit, which makes people fondle it. Today, from her poems with paintings, we can vaguely see that "there are paintings in poems and poems in paintings", and the pictures are fresh and bright, emitting the fragrance of cymbidium everywhere; Although her flowers and birds, figures and landscape paintings have not yet been found, it is conceivable that her paintings are not only magnificent, but also far-reaching in artistic conception. Otherwise, her paintings of Begonia, Butterfly, Orchid, Plum Blossom, Apricot Blossom, Shuangyan, Porcelain Rattan, Beauty, Summer Blossom, Hongmei, Bai Lianhua and Luoshen will not be "cherished by the times, and there will be an endless stream of people asking for Mo Bao". His 186 poem ***3 15 poem (que) should be a jewel in the sea and precious.