Compilation skills of bidding documents for water conservancy infrastructure projects

Since the early 1980s, China began to implement the bidding system in the field of capital construction. After the promulgation and implementation of the Bidding Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), an open, fair, just and honest bidding market for construction projects is gradually taking shape. Therefore, how to compile a tender with reasonable cost, suitable construction period, reliable quality, advanced technology and feasible scheme to ensure the project winning the bid is a problem worthy of study. This paper discusses how to compile bidding documents in water conservancy project bidding.

Select bid section 1 (procurement bid)

Before bidding, we should make a decisive decision, obtain the bidding information of the project from the intermediary, agent and project bidding online, and at the same time understand the key factors such as the characteristics of the project, the location of the project, the short-term and long-term goals, make a quick decision, and make a feasibility analysis when necessary. When the owner invites bids, a bidder is usually allowed to bid for multiple blocks at the same time. Bidders should consider how many pieces to vote for and which pieces to vote for. Strong bidders bid as much as possible. The number of bidding sections is too small and the bidding coverage is small, which limits the flexibility of bidding operation and reduces the winning rate; Too many. In a limited time, the task of tender preparation is heavy, and the tender preparation personnel are distracted, which affects the quality of tender preparation, reduces the winning rate, and increases the cost of procurement and tender preparation. Generally, it is more appropriate to bid 2 ~ 3 pieces. When selecting the location of the bid section, firstly, the construction content of the selected bid section should be consistent with the construction strength of the unit; Second, we should consider the size of the block and the difficulty of construction. If conditions permit, you can go to the site to check before making a decision; Third, we should pay attention to avoiding powerful competitors.

After careful investigation and analysis, on the one hand, we should organize personnel to prepare the tender carefully, and at the same time, we should use various channels to understand the relevant situation of the owner. Such as the source of funds for the project; The reputation of the owner at home and abroad; Other projects owned by the owner, etc. All this information is very useful for price positioning and scheme determination in bidding. Conventionally, owners who are short of funds will generally consider winning the bid, while owners with abundant funds mostly require construction units with well-known brands and advanced technologies.

The compilation of tender is the main content of bidding work. After selling the tender, the general owner will soon hold a pre-tender meeting with the tenderer, organize on-site inspection and answer the tenderer's questions about the tender and the construction site. Therefore, after purchasing the tender, the bidder should take the time to read and study the tender documents carefully, and list the questions that need to be answered by the owner and the items that need to be inspected on site. The main contents of on-site investigation include: topography (vegetation), local climate and hydrology, road traffic, local material distribution, the price of purchased materials, the transportation distance of various materials, power supply sources, communication conditions, price clearance level, social security, social and economic comprehensive situation, etc.

After the on-site investigation, the tender preparation plan should be made immediately, and the division of labor should be clearly defined, so that the whole tender preparation process can be carried out as planned, avoiding loose before tight and shoddy construction. The main contents of bidding are project budget price and construction organization design. The following problems should be paid attention to when compiling the budget: ① The adopted quota should be correct, and if there is no owner's regulation, the latest quota of the same industry country is generally adopted; (2) The budget unit price should consider the price fluctuation factor during the construction period; (3) The quantities shall be subject to the bill of quantities given by the owner. Even if obvious mistakes are found, they shall not be adjusted without the written consent of the owner; (4) After the budget is completed, it must be reviewed by others, and there can be no mistakes. In addition, we should also pay attention to the unity of project budget and construction organization design. The construction scheme is the necessary basis for budgeting, and the budget in turn guides the adjustment of the construction scheme. The two are interrelated and inseparable.

The project construction organization design is one of the bases for the supervision engineer to carry out the construction organization design and supervision after winning the bid, and it must be scientific, reasonable and feasible. Construction organization design mainly includes: personnel organization composition of the project management department, project construction scheme, site layout, construction progress, labor and equipment deployment, quality assurance measures, safety production and civilized construction measures, environmental protection measures, etc. The project construction scheme is the key, which directly affects the budget price and the success or failure of bidding. According to the on-site investigation, the bidder shall make a preliminary calculation and comparison of eight schemes. So as to determine a reasonable and economical scheme. The construction period should be at least 10 days earlier than the construction period set by the owner, so as to get the reward score for the construction period in the tender evaluation.

3 Determination of the final tender offer The final tender offer is an offer further revised by the tenderer on the basis of the budgeted price (marked price) compiled by the tenderer and after comprehensive consideration of various factors. It can be put forward in the tender, or it can be submitted separately in the form of a price reduction letter. The final quotation of ordinary bidders accounts for 50% ~ 60% of the whole bidding score, which directly affects whether the bidder can win the bid. Therefore, we must make careful analysis and repeated comparison to make the final quotation close to the quotation (full mark quotation) and improve the winning rate.

3. 1 Reasonable bidding quotation Reasonable bidding is the most basic and common form in project bidding. The so-called reasonable bidding means that the owner sets the "pre-tender price" of the project bidding according to the project design budget, and the bidder whose final bid price is compared with the owner's pre-tender price is eligible to win the bid. If the error between the final quotation and the tender unit's pre-tender estimate is within a limited range (generally -5% ~+3%), it is called "shortlisting". If it is determined that the final quotation of the candidate winning the bid is not within the limited range, the bidder is no longer qualified to win the bid, which is called "Fei Biao". Therefore, on the basis of correct budget, the bidder should carefully analyze and study the possible range of the owner's pre-tender estimate and calculate the tender offer, that is, the final tender offer.

3.2 Comprehensive Bidding Comprehensive bidding is a special form of reasonable bidding. The pre-tender estimate of the project is the weighted average combination of the pre-tender estimate of the owner and the final bid price of each tendering unit, so it is called "composite pre-tender estimate". Compared with the owner's pre-tender estimate, the error of each bidder's final offer is within the range specified by the owner (generally -8% ~+5%), which is called "short-listed unit". The final offer of the shortlisted bidders (accounting for 40% ~ 50% of the weight) and the owner's pre-tender estimate (accounting for 50% ~ 60% of the tree weight) are weighted and averaged, so as to get the comprehensive pre-tender estimate. Then, by comparing the comprehensive pre-tender estimate, it is found that the final quotation of the short-listed bidders is within the range specified by the owner (generally -3% ~-6%), and the owner will organize personnel to comprehensively review the bids of these short-listed bidders and calculate the comprehensive bidding scores of each unit. Therefore, when bidding for multi-bid projects, we should not only analyze the owner's pre-bid price, but also consider the competitors' bid quotations to calculate the approximate range of multi-bid prices.

3.3 Winning the bid at a low price is a unique form of project bidding, that is, the bidder with the lowest final offer has priority in winning the bid. When participating in the bidding of this kind of engineering project, we should not blindly lower the bidding price in order to win the bid, resulting in loss-making construction after winning the bid. Bidders should carefully read and repeatedly study the bidding documents, fully understand the project situation, optimize the project construction organization design, and calculate the cost price (guaranteed reserve price) of the project construction according to the management level of the unit. The final quotation for winning the bid at a low price shall be based on the principle of not less than the cost price.

In addition to analyzing and considering the above different quotation types, we should also pay attention to the following aspects: ① In order to continuously improve the comprehensive quality of bidders, in addition to truly mastering the necessary technology of bidding, we need to constantly learn and improve the comprehensive business level. (2) The same project has multiple blocks, and the final quotation of each block should not be at a standard level, but should have a certain degree of ladder. That is to say, if the final quotation is increased or decreased based on the normal budget, there should be a certain step difference in the increase or decrease range of each bid section, so as to ensure that the quotation of a bid section is close to the quotation and there will be no overall "Fei Biao" phenomenon. (3) It is a difficult but meaningful job to study competitors' bidding quotations and know yourself. If we can make a thorough analysis of competitors' quotations, we can not only make our own quotations better than competitors, but also avoid excessively lowering the quotations for winning the bid, so as to obtain better economic benefits after winning the bid. If something is not clear, the final quotation should be based on the principle of low price rather than high price.

4 conclusion

Calculating and determining the final bid price is a systematic and complicated work, and there are often many factors that cannot be determined, which need to be analyzed and judged through accumulated experience. Therefore, as a bidder, we should pay attention to the accumulation of project bidding experience in order to achieve greater success in project bidding.