One point for garbage, one point for garbage and one point for environment.

I. Overview of garbage collection and disposal in Guangzhou China's economic growth and urban population increase, which makes the garbage output increase year by year. Garbage pollution, air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution have become four major environmental problems to be solved urgently. On 20 11April1day, Guangzhou began to implement the first domestic waste classification regulation, Interim Provisions on the Classification Management of Urban Domestic Waste in Guangzhou. A stone stirs up a thousand waves, how to divide domestic garbage into environmental protection, how to guide citizens to classify and strive to achieve the classification rate. , suddenly became a hot topic. As early as the Republic of China, Guangzhou's sanitation industry was ahead of the whole country. There was a health bureau to manage urban garbage and collect cleaning fees according to the number of garbage bins used by each merchant and family. During the period of 1998, the municipal environmental sanitation department conducted a pilot project in some areas of Yuexiu, Liwan and other old cities to explore the classified delivery and collection of garbage, and then implemented it on a large scale. In 2000, Guangzhou, as one of the first eight pilot cities in China to carry out domestic waste classification, officially promoted this work from the government level, but with little effect, the phenomenon of mixed collection, mixed transportation and mixed treatment of garbage is still very common. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen the garbage classification system.

(1) The amount of garbage is increasing, and mixed collection and mixed transportation are seriously polluted.

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the output of garbage has also increased dramatically. It is understood that the daily garbage output in Guangzhou is about 1 0.5 million tons, and the daily garbage output in the central city alone reaches110,000 tons, and it is still increasing at the rate of 8%- 10% per year. At the same time, the traditional extensive treatment mode of mixed collection and transportation not only wastes useful components in garbage, but also increases the difficulty of recycling and harmlessness of garbage, resulting in a huge waste of manpower, material resources and land resources.

(2) Garbage sorting has obvious benefits, which is inevitable in civilized cities.

Classified collection of municipal solid waste is the basic work of city appearance construction, and it is also the embodiment of a city's civilization and development level. According to the research results of Nebel, an American environmental expert, 90% of domestic garbage can be recycled, which shows that there is huge wealth in garbage. The implementation of garbage sorting is not only the only way to promote the process of recycling, realize the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of garbage, and tap the potential benefits of garbage resources, but also the inevitable requirement for Guangzhou to build a national civilized city and a national sanitary city.

(3) The residents' classification consciousness and laws are not perfect, which has become an obstacle to garbage classification.

First, there is a lack of classification infrastructure and residents' awareness of classification is not high. With the improvement of people's living standards, the composition of domestic waste tends to be complex. If the classification is too rough, it will be difficult to guide people to distinguish the types of garbage, which will bring inconvenience to garbage disposal. At present, most trash cans are divided into recyclable and non-recyclable garbage, and there is a general problem that the classification guidance legend is unclear or missing. In many places, four types of trash cans are not set according to the classification requirements. There are also problems such as insufficient quantity and backward equipment in garbage collection stations, transportation tools and treatment equipment, which have become a stumbling block on the road of garbage classification. In addition, garbage classification also requires residents to have more systematic and comprehensive classification knowledge, and only in this way can garbage classification and recycling be truly realized. At present, citizens' awareness of classified collection is not high, and they think it is very troublesome to set up multiple garbage bins at home. The participation of non-profit environmental protection organizations stays in the stage of publicity and education, and the channels for volunteers to play their roles are not smooth enough, which is a major obstacle to the development of garbage classification.

Second, policies and regulations are not perfect, and complete industrialization has not yet been realized. The relevant system is not perfect, which leads to the behavior of garbage classification and delivery is not binding. The state has successively promulgated the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Regulations on the Administration of Urban Appearance and Environmental Sanitation and other laws and regulations, but most of the laws and regulations concerning the management of domestic garbage lay particular stress on the aspects of garbage cleaning, collection, transportation, disposal and related management, and rarely involved the classified recycling of garbage, so it is difficult to effectively urge residents to carry out the classified work of domestic garbage. At the same time, garbage recycling can only develop in the long run if it forms an industrial chain of transportation, classification and resource output. At present, in the process of transporting garbage from the community to the garbage disposal station, the degree of classified recovery and resource utilization is not high. Many people who make a living by buying waste products make a living by selling resource waste to recycling companies, which indirectly promotes waste sorting. However, they lack the leading promotion and effective guidance of the government, are not real waste sorting recyclers, and the classification has not formed a complete system.

Second, if garbage is divided into one point, Guangzhou will be beautiful.

(1) Pilot projects in garbage sorting communities first, and gradually increase public participation.

Guangzhou classifies municipal solid waste into recyclables, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other wastes, but it is impossible for citizens to form the habit of classification overnight. At present, based on grass-roots units such as airplane groups and communities, the classification knowledge is widely and deeply publicized to the masses, making the operation method of garbage classification a household name, forming a good situation of "government guidance, national participation and media attention". For citizens, it is not necessary to buy garbage sorting containers at the beginning, but only need to separate dry and wet garbage, and sanitation workers can carry out secondary sorting. This follows the principle of "easy first, then difficult, step by step", which is not only conducive to subsequent re-classification and recycling, but also improves the enthusiasm and autonomy of citizens' participation.

Recently, Guangzhou held a mobilization meeting for garbage sorting in the whole city, officially launched garbage sorting, and piloted the "charging by bag" mode of domestic garbage in some communities. Residents in the pilot community get two special garbage bags issued by the government free of charge every day: 1 kitchen garbage garbage bag and 1 other garbage bags, all of which are printed with anti-counterfeiting labels, and the capacity varies from 10 to 14 liters, and they are distinguished by different colors. If there is a lot of garbage and the garbage bags distributed free of charge are not enough, citizens will have to pay for special garbage bags, and the unit price is about 1 yuan. Guangzhou's new garbage sorting policy draws lessons from Taipei's experience, and its main essence is to adopt the economic lever of "garbage fee is collected in bags". The more garbage a household discharges, the more it pays, and vice versa. At present, every household in Guangzhou needs to pay 15 yuan sanitation fee every month, including sanitation freight 10 yuan and garbage disposal fee 5 yuan. During the pilot period, the payment method of residents in the pilot area remains unchanged, and the reward return part is subsidized by the finance. The initial plan is that each 0.5 yuan will be allocated a quota of garbage bags every month, which will be subsidized by the government to the property, and then the property will decide the return form. If the pilot project is promoted in Guangzhou, consider canceling the sanitation fee of 15 yuan.

In Dehe New Community, Nanhua West Street, the first "garbage does not land" pilot community in Guangzhou, there are no garbage bins before 8 pm, only flowers decorate the streets. Every day from 1 1 to 12: 30, and from 6: 00 to 8: 00 in the evening, the music "Let's Sing with Paddles" will be played in the community. Sanitation workers will arrive in a battery car full of trash cans, take potted flowers off the shelf, and put green kitchen garbage trash cans and other gray trash cans on the flower rack. Residents will start throwing garbage, and the whole process will be guided and guided by sanitation workers. About an hour later, the sanitation worker returned to the flower stand, removed the sorting trash can full of garbage and put the potted flowers back on the flower stand. In order to facilitate the residents who can't catch up with the garbage truck because of working late, the community will remove the decorative flowers placed on the support of the collection container from 8 pm to 8 am the next day and put them in the trash can for residents to throw garbage. Every weekend, sanitation workers will play the story of a small town on the battery car to remind residents that they can recycle garbage and harmful waste. At the same time, in order to encourage residents to classify correctly, the street also stamped a chapter supporting garbage classification from the register in the hands of sanitation workers after residents put garbage correctly. When there are 30 garbage bags, they can get a bag of degradable garbage bags from the neighborhood Committee, which effectively stimulated residents' enthusiasm for classification.

(2) Summarize the pilot experience and gradually popularize advanced achievements.

At present, the garbage sorting work in Guangzhou can be carried out in accordance with the idea of "pilot first, typical guidance, point to area, and gradual promotion". In Haizhu District of Guangzhou, 10 1 farmer's market, 154 primary and secondary schools and 24 party and government organs have carried out garbage sorting simultaneously. Among them, Dehe New Community in Nanhua West Street took the lead in piloting "garbage does not fall to the ground" in all districts of the city, building community kitchen waste treatment stations and mobilizing neighbors to participate in garbage sorting and recycling, which achieved initial results. For example, Haizhu District of Guangzhou has formulated a special fund payment scheme for waste sorting in order to reduce waste. According to the classification amount and garbage reduction of each street, the special funds for garbage classification will be allocated differently in the form of awards instead of allocations, which will further improve the attention and promotion of garbage classification in the streets and escort the solution of "garbage besieged city". According to statistics, in 20 1 1 year, the total amount of garbage in Haizhu District decreased by 35,636 tons, with a decrease rate of 6.0 1%. The classified amount of kitchen waste is 8440 tons, accounting for1.5% of the total waste; The sorting rate of kitchen waste in Nanhua West Street is over 30%.

Garbage classification is a systematic project, which requires not only the exploration and research of the sanitation department, but also the support and participation of the whole society. Garbage sorting has a long way to go, and it is also the mission of Guangzhou in the post-Asian Games and post-creative era. The city is closed by garbage, and the breakthrough is imminent. There is no time to delay the classified collection and treatment of garbage. All citizens need to take active actions to promote the classified collection and treatment of garbage in a planned and step-by-step manner, and strive to achieve the goal of "every penny of garbage is a beautiful place in Guangzhou".

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(Editor: Huang Li)