Excerpt from Memories of Shanxian Village —— Nanjiuguan Village, Cheng Nan Sub-district Office

Nanjiuguan Administrative Village is located in the northeast of Cheng Nan Street, in Cheng Nan Street, with a distance of 1 km from Cheng Nan Sub-district Office, Liaozhuang in the east, Liuhai Village in the west, Huanglin Village in the south and Shunshi Road in the north. It governs a natural village in South Jiuguan and a community in South China, with an area of 1.2 1.08 square kilometers, a village area of 1.059 square kilometers and cultivated land of 0. 1.58 square kilometers. * * 1442 households with a village population of 4,385, including Zhu, Cao and Cao. ?

Nanjiuguan Village was built in Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded, the old town of Shan County was flooded, and the city site moved northward. Because the village site is located in the south gate of the old city, it is collectively called Nanjiuguan.

The new face of the village

Nanjiuguan used to be a rural area, and the living conditions of the villagers were relatively simple. In order to improve the living environment and conditions of villagers, the county party committee and government of Cheng Nan decided to transform Nanjiuguan into a shanty town. Land requisition for road network was completed at the end of 20 16, residential and housing area was measured on 20 17, and demolition construction began on 20 18. At present, high-rise buildings are under construction. After the completion, Nanjiuguan will be brand-new, the living conditions of villagers will be greatly improved, Nanjiuguan will be integrated into urban life and enjoy the dividend of reform and opening up.

Rural historical sites

Jia Jia Garden? Jiajiayuan, namely Nanyuan, is located in the south of the county seat, and the original flax factory belongs to the former site of the hospital. Jia Jia, one of the "Eight Masters" in Shan County in the late Qing Dynasty, was far from a noble family. Out of the south gate of the county seat, through Nandianzi of Nandajie, the endless fields are all Jia's fields. Most residents here are Jia's tenants. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jia Guzhu turned 85 acres of fertile land in the north of Nanjiuguan Village into a garden. He bought precious flowers and trees from all over the country, carefully designed and built a beautiful garden, with peony in spring, jasmine in summer, chrysanthemum in autumn and wintersweet, which was named "Hundred Flowers Garden" and was fragrant all year round.

The garden is 350m long from north to south and160m wide from east to west. It is bounded by low walls in the east and west, surrounded by thorns in the south, and supported by four pillars in the middle. In the north of the garden, the ground is dug into a river, which is about four meters deep and looks like a crescent moon, so it is called "Crescent River". The groundwater level here is high, and it will never dry up in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The earth dug by the river piled up into a rockery. The mountain is seven or eight meters high and there is a pavilion on the top. There are lush trees, birds and flowers, mountains and water, pavilions and corridors on the mountain. In hot summer, the lotus flowers in the pool are fragrant, wicker floats on the shore, fish swim in the water, birds fly in the sky, just like a fairyland, as beautiful as the West Lake.

Village past events

In the previous farming era, almost all carpenters were engaged in home textiles and cotton cloth, and could not do without spindles. The spindle of a hand spinning machine is a round bar with thick ends. When spinning cotton, the yarn is wound on it. Spinning spindles should be hardwood, such as jujube, pear, locust, etc. Woodworking tools are used to cut wood into spindles. Combs, grates and other things were once necessities of life. People call carpenters who specialize in these things fine carpenters, and carpenters who make wooden barrels and large wooden basins rough carpenters. In the past, some big families invited famous carpenters to carve window grilles and furniture. It is said that Li Kunfa of South Jiuguan No.7 Team is very good at carpentry.

In the past, people used a stone mill to grind grains into flour when eating noodles. The stone mill has been used for a long time, and the groove is flat and dull, so it is necessary to forge and chisel the groove of the stone mill. Therefore, forging has become a special profession. This kind of stonemason is called "forge grinder". Five brothers Zhu Xianbao from Nanjiuguan Village used to strike while the iron is hot and grind noodles.

Forging, chiseling and grinding are all fine work, and one hammer and one chisel are very measured. Different stone mills, different stones, forging chisels with different textures. In Shandong, red stone is mostly used to make stone mills and mortars, blue stone chips and watercress stones are generally used for stone mills. The stone mill is divided into upper and lower fans, carved from a whole stone, and the tooth surfaces of the upper and lower fans are engraved with neat convex and concave tooth grooves. The lower fan is fixed on the grinding disc with a shaft in the center, and the upper fan is sleeved together to form a complete mill. There are male and female grinding teeth of stone mill. The grinding teeth of the upper fan are male, and the grinding groove of the lower fan is female. Only when the height of the grinding teeth is consistent with the depth of the grinding groove can the grain be ground into flour.

A plate mill has 12 holes, each hole has 9 grinding teeth, and 108 grinding teeth are in * *. If one grinding tooth is not in harmony with the tooth groove, it will affect the grinding effect. Two wooden handles are also inserted in the upper grinding disc, and the grinding handles are installed to grind the grain into crumbs by external force rotation or push and pull. When the upper fan rotates, the grains placed on the grinding disc flow into the grinding teeth from the grinding holes, and after the friction and extrusion between the grinding fans, the broken flour will flow out along the grinding groove. After the stone mill is used for a period of time, the grinding teeth will become flat and dull, the grinding speed will slow down, and the ground flour will be rough. Therefore, the long time of stone grinding is half a year, and the short time is one year, which requires forging and chiseling once.

Before the machine-made mill was used, the stone mill was the only grinding tool in life, and the status and role of forging and grinding craftsmen were obvious. However, the use of machine-made mill replaced the original stone mill, thus reducing a lot of manual labor. After the 1960s, they stopped forging and grinding.

On July 2, 1938, more than 500 people from the Japanese Military Division invaded Shan County from Dangshan along the Dandang Highway, while more than 5000 people from the Liu Department of the Kuomintang County Government and the Seventh Route Army fled Shan County without firing a shot. At that time, there was chaos inside and outside the county seat, and shops along the street closed down. After the Japanese army invaded Shan County, the Imperial Army Command lived in the old house in front of the yamen in the city where Juren Jia Hongbin was located.

Chi is from Nanjiuguan Village. At this time, he was a battalion commander under the Seventh Route Army in the Fifth Theater of the Kuomintang and the head of the Ninth Division of the Black Miscellaneous Division. After the Japanese army entered Shan County, they burned, killed and looted, committing all kinds of evils. He hates Japanese devils and doesn't want to be a conquered person. He planned to bide his time to kill the enemy. He has two 20-ring box guns and rides a white horse, and he often appears. Two boxguns were slung around, imposing.

There is a north-south street south of Xiguanding, which belongs to the county seat. On the south side of the street is the stone toad temple, with its gate facing north. One day, a Japanese came out to shoot birds. Chi Linjing followed him after he found out. When the devil walked outside the west wall of the toad temple, he shot him and killed him, and seized a rifle and 30 bullets from the devil.

Once, I left for Huanggang late and walked to Fandikou, where I saw Feng's mother go to Huanggang for a meeting. Seeing that Mrs. Feng was old and pitiful, and her feet were small, she gave Mrs. Feng a bowl of meatballs and two steamed buns from the owner selling meatballs by the roadside. The old lady had to pay for the meal. The boss told her that the rider had paid for you just now. She knew that Qi Lin paid the money, and she was very grateful. When she got home, she told everyone that the whole village knew about it.

Southern old customs annihilation war? During the rule of Shan County, Japanese puppet troops mainly armed Qinshan area to strengthen puppet rule around the mountain city. There are two puppet Manchu squadrons under the jurisdiction, 150 people, and the district office is stationed in a manor of the landlord in Guanjia, Nanjiu. The walls around the village are towering, there are watchtowers at the four corners, and the village is surrounded by trenches. A village gate is easy to defend but difficult to attack.

In order to combat the arrogance of the Japanese puppet troops, the Huxi prefectural party Committee decided to combat the Japanese puppet troops during the "Green Curtain" period. On July 2 1, 1942, Dangshan railway station was raided first, and the office of Jiuguan pseudo-area was raided the next day, and the battle of Nanjiuguan started.

Before the war, Du Hengcan, who taught the reconnaissance staff of four brigades and ten regiments, led three investigators to conduct detailed reconnaissance on the terrain of Nanjiuguan and the enemy's firepower deployment, and found out the enemy's situation. On July 22, he instructed the heads of the Fourth Brigade and the Tenth Regiment to make decisive combat arrangements, so that the second battalion commander Chen and the reconnaissance staff Du Hengcan led six or seven companies to cooperate with the Qinshan squadron to raid the pseudo-Qinshan office. On the evening of the same day, the instructors of the Sixth Company and the Seventh Company set out from Lijing Village, south of Xinyang Temple, and under the cover of the "green curtain", they secretly ran west along the Taihang levee. When it was dark, we met the squadron in Yang Juan Village, Qinshan District, southwest of Shaanxi Province, and agreed on a quick operational plan. Battalion commander Chen led six companies as the main attack, interspersed with sharp knives; The Seventh Company took out a platoon as a reserve team, and the other two platoons cooperated with Qinshan Squadron to deploy at the three intersections of Nandianzi North Dike to prevent Japanese and puppet troops from reinforcing Shancheng. Around midnight, the troops entered the positions respectively. 12: 30, Mclynn Killman Liu quickly plunged into the pseudo-area office like a sharp knife and launched a surprise attack. Seeing that the situation was not good, the fake guards abandoned their guns and fled. The instructor of the sixth company broke into the enemy's encirclement in one fell swoop. It turned out that the first squadron of the puppet army was transferred to the city to check the public security that day, and only the second squadron was stationed. Because of the paralysis on weekdays, I never dreamed that the Eighth Route Army would suddenly fall from the sky, and most of them became prisoners before they could touch their guns. Kong Fansi, the squadron leader, hurriedly hid the gun under the bed and mixed it with the prisoner, and was later found. The pseudo warden Zhu Wuji tried to jump over the wall to escape, but he was killed just after he failed to stand firm. It took only 20 minutes to annihilate Nanjiuguan. More than 60 people from the Puppet Manchu District Office and the Puppet Manchu Second Squadron were all captured, and more than 50 long and short guns, light machine guns 1 guns, more than 3,000 rounds of bullets and some materials were seized. Before the Japanese and puppet troops in the county could reinforce, the Eighth Route Army had retreated. This battle is one of the successful examples of the anti-Japanese armed forces in Shan County fighting against "Tao Xin" under the eyes of the enemy.

(Data collection: Sun Yunfa came from Tanaka)