Functions and Operation of Three Levels of Government in Canada

There are three levels of Canadian government: federal government, provincial (regional) government and municipal government.

1. Federal government

Generally, it is composed of the political party with the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives, and the leader of the party is appointed as the Prime Minister by the Governor. Generally speaking, the prime minister is endowed with extensive powers, and the prime minister selects government ministers from the members of the ruling party. The Cabinet under the leadership of the Prime Minister has real power, which formulates government policies and is responsible to the House of Representatives.

Canadian government agencies (in alphabetical order)

Atlantic development opportunity agency

Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-food

Customs and tax bureau

Traditional affairs department

International development bureau

Citizenship and Immigration Department

Ministry of Environment

the Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Fisheries and Oceans

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

hygiene department

Human resources development department

Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development

Ministry of industry

Ministry of Justice

Ministry of Labour

Ministry of National Defense

Ministry of Natural Resources

* * * and government services.

Quebec Regional Economic Development Agency, Canada

Quebec regional economic development bureau

Deputy attorney general of Canada

General audit office

department of Transport

department of Transport

Finance Committee secretariat

Ministry of Finance Secretariat

Department of Veterans Affairs

Department of Veterans Affairs

Western economic diversification

Western Economic Diversified Development Bureau

About 25 ministers are in charge of federal ministries, special committees, committees and state-owned companies.

The federal government is responsible for state affairs, including foreign affairs, national defense, inter-provincial and international trade, commerce, criminal law, banking, monetary system, social welfare and fisheries. It has jurisdiction over indigenous people and their reservations. The federal and provincial governments have the same jurisdiction over immigration, agriculture and other matters. The court also authorized the federal government to regulate aviation, shipping, railways, telecommunications and atomic energy.

2. Provincial governments

Each province has a governor, a provincial council, a governor and a provincial cabinet, and voting in provincial elections is similar to that in federal elections.

The provincial government is responsible for the affairs that affect the provinces, and is responsible for education, family and children's welfare, property rights, civil rights, judicial administration, medical and health care, natural resources, social insurance, labor law, municipal management and other local or private issues. In many ways, they enjoy the same jurisdiction as the federal government. Provinces can set up local governments or municipal governments and give them the power to make laws and regulations, such as parking regulations or building standards.

3. Municipal Government

Responsible for local affairs, such as schools, water supply, building regulations, property taxes, parks and recreational facilities, transportation, fire protection, libraries, garbage collection and street cleaning. Big cities have their own police. Generally speaking, listed governments are much smaller than federal and provincial governments.

Of course, the three levels of government need to share some responsibilities, such as agriculture, law enforcement, human rights protection, environmental protection, family allowances, old-age security and immigration policies. Governments at all levels may be composed of different political parties, and government decisions and services are closely related to the cabinet composed of the majority parties. There is also bargaining among governments at all levels. The closeness of the federal government to different provinces and regions makes the federal funding different, especially in western Canada.

At present, the main political parties in Canada include Liberal Party, Progressive Conservative Party, Canadian Union, New Democracy Party and Quebec Group. The federal ruling party is the Liberal Party. The ruling parties in various provinces and cities may be different from the federal ruling party.

The Canadian people value fairness, peace and open and free discussion of ideas. Governments at all levels have cracked down on bribery and corruption. Most Canadian citizens over the age of 65,438+08 regularly participate in elections, and consider it their obligation in a democratic society. Voting is conducted in secret, and it is illegal to intimidate voters, retaliate or pay bribes. Because each level of government is independently elected, every qualified citizen needs to participate in the elections of different levels of government.

Canadians can also join the party or volunteer to serve political parties, or participate in the work of non-political parties in the municipal government (such as school bureaus and other positions in the community), and even contact federal, provincial and municipal councillors in their constituencies to reflect public opinion and policy suggestions.