Shanghai Hejiajiao History

1. How many years has Shanghai Waibaidu Bridge been the first generation bridge?

The first generation of Waibaidu Bridge was built in 1856, named "Well Bridge", which is a wooden bridge. It was built by "Suzhou River Bridge Company" (the first bridge construction company in China's history) with 20 people (mostly foreign firm managers or opium dealers), including Englishman Wells who worked for Jardine Matheson and Ren Wei and Homer of Baoshun Foreign Firm. The bridge is137.25m long and 7.015m wide, with a movable deck in the middle, which should be hoisted when the ship passes by.

Second generation bridge

Wells and others, who built the bridge purely for profit, once claimed that China People's Bank had to pay a "bridge crossing tax" when it was granted a patent, and only collected taxes from China people, and all foreigners' vehicles and servants were exempted. Subsequently, Shanghai residents protested angrily, and Cantonese Zhan Ruoyu set up a post office at today's Shanxi intersection to pick up and drop off Chinese passing by on both sides of the strait for free to show his unyielding. Because citizens no longer pay money, it is called "white crossing". Due to public anger, the concession industrial and commercial office built a wooden pontoon bridge near Wells Bridge on 1876, and the bridge was free. Because it is adjacent to the Bund Park, the British called it "Garden Bridge" in those days, and a bronze monument was carved at the bridgehead (the bronze monument was destroyed after 1949), while the common people called it "Waidukou Bridge". From then on, there is no charge for crossing the bridge here. Wells Bridge was demolished by the Ministry of Industry. This is also the origin of the second generation bridge-"Waibaidu Bridge". In the following decades, people made a slip of the tongue and pronounced it "Waibaidu Bridge", so they followed the established practice. Later, history has come to this day, and the "tolerance" is not just the name of a bridge.

Third generation bridge

During Guangxu period, the wooden bridge was repaired several times and could not meet the needs of traffic development. The Ministry of Industry decided to rebuild a new bridge. There are two kinds of design drawings and budget plans for steel bridge and wooden bridge for reference by the Ministry of Industry. The width of the two bridges is the same, and the design requirements are to be able to bear the load that the first-class urban bridges can usually bear. Among them, the service life of the wooden bridge is 20 years, the cost is 83,000 taels, and the annual maintenance cost is 3,320 taels according to 4% of the cost. The service life of the steel bridge is 50 years, and the cost is 202,000 yuan. The annual maintenance fee is 700 taels at 0.35% of the cost. Charles Main, an engineer and surveyor of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, believes that although the initial investment of the steel bridge is large, the location of the Waibaidu Bridge is important, the daily traffic volume is large, and the double-track tram track needs to be laid, so the construction of the steel bridge can gain long-term benefits. At the same time, the British Commercial Trams Company expressed its willingness to donate 3,500 pounds for the reconstruction of the steel bridge. Based on the proposed steel bridge, wood

Huayuan bridge

Comparing the different cost of the bridge and the money obtained by 6% compound interest 50 years later, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology chose the steel structure bridge and advertised it.

Huayuan bridge

Bidding for design and construction of new bridge. In the 17 tender, Howarth Erskine Ltd won the bid at the price of 17000. The steel parts were manufactured by Cleveland Bridge Construction Company in Darlington, England, and Palley and Bede Company in Westminster supervised the processing and manufacturing in Britain on behalf of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, the first pile was laid and completed the following year. The superstructure of the bridge is simply supported riveted steel truss, and the substructure is reinforced concrete abutment, pile foundation and concrete hollow thin slab pier. The span combination of the two holes is 52. 12m, the elevation of the beam bottom is 5.75m, and the tram track is laid on the bridge deck. This is the third generation Waibaidu Bridge. The new bridge was put into use in Guangxu thirty-three years (1907), eleven years later than the Eiffel Tower in France. The bridge is 60 feet wide (including 36 feet of driveway and 24 feet of sidewalk) and 1, 7 1 foot long, which is the latest steel structure at that time. With the achievements of the industrial revolution and the development of science and technology, iron bridges rose in Britain in the18th century, and steel bridges rose in the United States in the19th century. Baidu Bridge is the first all-steel bridge in China. It was built by the Ministry of Industry of Shanghai Concession at that time. All steel products are imported from Britain, and the design and structure of the whole bridge are completed by British engineers and technicians. At that time, similar steel structure bridges, besides Shanghai, also included the Wan Guo Bridge (now jiefang bridge) across the Haihe River in Tianjin, which was built at 1902, five years earlier than the Waibaidu Bridge, and was built by the Ministry of Industry of the French Concession in Tianjin, so it was also called the "French Bridge".

2. What is the history of Shikumen in Shanghai? Shikumen dwellings in Shanghai rose in the 1960s of 19. 1860, the Taiping Army headed by loyal Li Xiucheng launched eastward, conquered Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Ningbo and other cities in northern Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and forced tens of thousands of refugees from southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang to take refuge in the Shanghai Concession. In order to accept refugees, the concession mobilized businessmen to invest in building houses. In order to make full use of the land, most of these houses were built into row houses in Shikumen Lane.

In order to cater to the traditional family living form in China, except for some western-style townhouses, the layout of Shikumen is generally similar to that of ordinary houses in the south of the Yangtze River. After entering the door is the patio, followed by the living room (called "living room" in Shanghai), followed by the back patio, followed by the kitchen and back door. There are left and right wing rooms on both sides of the patio and living room, and the layout of the second floor is basically the same as that of the bottom floor. The only kitchen is the "pavilion room" above it, and then the terrace above it. Its representative buildings are Xingrenli, which covers an area of 1.33 hectares. It is located on the east side of Henan Middle Road, between Ningbo Road and Beijing Road, and in Dunrenli, Yangmeili and Li Jixiang in the new pier street of Zhongshan South Road.

After the beginning of this century, with the transformation of Shanghai residents' family structure to small families, residents' living habits have also changed obviously. The structure and style of Shikumen dwellings have changed, and there are "single entrance" (that is, no wing) and "two entrances" (one hall and one wing) suitable for small families. Its scale is large, the width of the alley is about 4 meters, and the floors are mainly 2~3 floors; A pavilion is set at the landing of the stairs, and the balcony is adopted for the facade; After the 1920s, sanitary equipment was widely installed. Its representative buildings are Jing 'an Villa on Nanjing West Road and Mainland New Village on Yin Shan Road.

After the 1930s, due to the housing shortage in Shanghai, some residents rented out their spare rooms to others, so most Shikumen changed their original design intention and became houses where many families lived together.

Shikumen dwellings, which are from naive to mature, constitute a alley community where private space and public space are intertwined. In this community, it is easier for residents to cultivate more harmonious and intimate neighborhood relations while enjoying their personal space. So we know exactly what this family will do today and what that family will do tomorrow. With the increasing residential density, residents gradually moved their family activities to the public space in the alley, further strengthening the original sense of neighborhood friendliness. During this period, there are more and more frictions between young people and between young people and old people, and these frictions and quarrels are just "you are too angry with me" and "you have invaded my site" and so on.

At the peak, there were more than 9,000 hutongs in Shikumen, which once occupied more than 60% of Shanghai's total living area. From the architectural point of view, Shikumen is the product of a specific historical period, which has gone through more than one hundred years. The spatial structure of some Shikumen is no longer suitable for modern people's living concept, so it is normal to disappear. In the early 1990s, Shanghai began a large-scale reconstruction and development. Many old Shikumen houses were demolished and replaced by high-rise buildings. Old houses full of homesickness are gradually disappearing, and people realize that these unique "works of art" should be left in Shanghai.

Thirdly, the oldest existing bridges in Shanghai, such as Lupu Bridge and Yangpu Bridge, should be specially introduced. This is the steepest and oldest single-arch stone bridge in Shanghai-Tai 'an Bridge.

Taian Bridge, commonly known as Hejiaqiao, was built in the 12th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1584). It is a single arch stone bridge, located in front of Yuanjin Temple, a famous temple at the mouth of Caogang River. High and steep, it is the steepest stone arch bridge in the town. Two flagpoles are erected on the bridge embankment, which are used to hang street lamps and are navigation AIDS for ships coming and going. The "non-marble" relief on the bluestone handrails on both sides of the bridge is simple and honest.

The material used to build Hejia Bridge is bluestone, and the carved bridge railing relief "non-marble" is similar to that of Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Jindian in front of the bridge was also built in the Yuan Dynasty, so bridge builders have different views on the history of this bridge.

Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty once wrote a poem: "When the sun sets, the pool disappears under the moon; I heard that the city, the fishing flute is in the east of the stream, the cattail fan is gently heated, and the banana shirt lacks wind; Walking alone in the evening, the ancient temple is connected by a bridge. " The poem describes sunset and dusk, and fishing songs are late. After a hot day, people gently shook the cattail leaf fan and walked onto the bridge to enjoy the clear evening. It's a vivid portrayal of ancient summer vacation. It says here that "the ancient temple is connected by one bridge", the "ancient temple" is Lv Yuan Temple, and the "first bridge" is Taian Bridge.

4. How many years has the Shanghai Chenghuang Temple been? Shanghai Old Town God Temple was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), with a history of nearly 600 years.

From Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424) to Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1821-kloc-0/850), the temple base of the Shanghai City God Temple has been expanding and the number of palace buildings has been increasing. At its peak, the total area reached 49.9 mu. As an important Taoist temple in Shanghai, the Chenghuang Temple in Shanghai naturally suffered a major blow during the Cultural Revolution. The statue was destroyed and the temple was used for other purposes. From 65438 to 0994, with the gradual implementation of the policy of freedom of religious belief, the Shanghai Chenghuang Temple was restored and became a Taoist temple managed by orthodox Taoists again. In 2005, the right to use the front wing of the main hall of Shanghai Chenghuang Temple was returned, and the second-phase restoration project began immediately. Today's Shanghai City God Temple includes nine halls, including Temple, Jiazi Temple, God of Wealth Temple, Cihang Temple, City God Temple, Niangniang Temple, Parents Temple, Guan Temple and Wenchang Temple, with a total area of about 2,000 square meters.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The history of Suzhou River One or two famous rivers often cross famous cities in the world. There are Seine River in Paris, Thames River in London, St Lawrence River in Montreal and Hudson River in new york ... These quietly flowing rivers not only nurture a city, but also add infinite scenery to it.

Shanghai also has such a mother river of its own-"Suhewan". The winding and rushing all the way gave birth to the early prosperity of Shanghai and witnessed its historical changes. When it flows through Wuzhen Road in Zhabei to Zhebei Road, Suhewan gracefully draws a beautiful arc of 1000 meters.

"Suhewan" is the vein of the development of national industry and commerce in Shanghai. At the beginning of last century, it became a gathering place of national capital and a distribution center of important materials in Shanghai. There are 17 banks and warehouses in Jincheng, Zhongnan, Salt Industry, Mainland China, Zhonggong and Zhejiang Xingye, which are known as the "Golden Corridor". There are also the first China Silk Factory and Rongshi No.1 Factory, the pioneer of national industry-Fuxin Flour Factory, and the famous "Tianhou Palace". The "Suhewan" in the 1920s and 1930s was once called "Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival" in Shanghai at that time.

6. What is the history of Xuxing Town, Jiading District, Shanghai? In the tenth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 18), five townships including Chunshen, Anting, Linjiang and Pingle were set up from the eastern boundary of Kunshan County, and the county was named "Jiading" after the year number, belonging to Pingjiangfu (now Suzhou).

Today's Xuxing area belongs to Chunshen Township, Jiading County at that time. In the second year, Chunshen Township was renamed as Shouxin Township. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Mian, a celebrity of the Ming Dynasty, built a city in Xu Hang, formerly known as Xu Jiaxing.

In the year of Tong Yuan (1909), it was renamed Xuxing Township. 1949, located in Xuxing District, under the jurisdiction of 1 Zhenhe 16 Township.

Xuxing People's Commune was established in 1958, covering an area of 64.8 square kilometers. 1959 analysis of huating people's commune.

Wang Cao People's Commune was founded in 196 1. 1983 was renamed as Xuxing Township.

1993 Withdraw villages and build towns at the beginning of this year. 200 1 10 Xu Hang and Wang Cao merged into Xu Hang town, and the village management system was implemented.

Xuxing Town now has jurisdiction over Xiaomiao, Qianqiao, Xuxing, Dashiping, Khufu, He Qiao, Hongxing, Wang Cao, Labor, Anxin and other 10 village committees, as well as Xuxing neighborhood committees and Wang Cao neighborhood committees.