Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents 1. Problems existing in elevator production enterprises

Although the elevator is a high-risk means

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents 1. Problems existing in elevator production enterprises

Although the elevator is a high-risk means of transportation, it is much simpler than other means of transportation, and manufacturers have to solve five problems: first, the safety system of the elevator; Second, the elevator is durable; The third is to save energy and reduce consumption; Fourth, all elevator parts of the same model should be standardized and generalized; Fifth, besides a complete set of technical data, elevators should also have a complete set of maintenance rules, which must be compiled according to three-level maintenance and four projects; Sixth, it is necessary to implement the recall system of elevator safety and quality problems, but it is difficult for elevator manufacturers to do this now.

Reasons for frequent elevator safety accidents 2. Housing construction units have an unshirkable responsibility for elevator safety.

(a) the choice of elevator. Developers choose elevators to control costs in the first place. The house price is not directly proportional to the elevator quality. Some house prices are several times higher than affordable housing, but the price of buying elevators is still lower than the quality of elevators in affordable housing. They ignore the basic problems of elevator safety performance, energy saving and durability. Some even blindly lower the price, resulting in poor quality of elevators.

(2) A large part of elevator safety is related to the quality of the developer's civil engineering. Machine room, elevator shaft, hall door frame and pit all have very strict specification requirements, but most of them can't meet the specification requirements, which will inevitably affect the safety and service life of elevators.

A hook is embedded in the roof of the elevator machine room, which saves a lot of hoisting costs for the maintenance and repair of the elevator in the future.

(3) Selection of elevator installation team. Elevator production technology is becoming more and more mature, and the gap between performance and quality is gradually narrowing. I have always told developers that choosing a good installation team is ten times more important than choosing an elevator, but most developers ignore this.

(4) From the procurement, installation and putting into use of elevators, developers have no effective means of supervision, inspection and testing. As long as the elevator can start, it is a good elevator.

Reasons for frequent elevator safety accidents Third, the elevator installation team has an important responsibility for elevator safety.

The quality and safety of more than 50% elevators depend on the elevator installation team. The installation of the elevator focuses on the stability of the traction machine, the stress balance of the five wire ropes, the firm and smooth fixation of the car track, the firm fixation of the hall door frame, the small and smooth gap between the hall door and the car door, the safety device, the main control cabinet and electrical engineering. 60% is technical installation and 40% is testing and debugging. At present, the elevator installation team is seriously uneven and the technical force is weak. Some teams are irresponsible and operate illegally. Some people take technical information, steal parts and don't pay for special tools and spare parts. After the installation of the elevator, the certificate was obtained by getting through the relationship, which led to the elevator working with illness from the beginning. Some installation teams also handle maintenance cards, and his asking price is too high. The belt of the elevator door machine in a residential area is broken and needs to be replaced. I asked how much it was worth. He said that there is one for 200 yuan, and every penny is not less. I called my friend in Shenzhen, and he said that he paid the freight and earned the difference, so he only took one for 49 yuan. Is it comparable? It stands to reason that before the elevator is put into use, the quality supervision department should test the eight major items and 72 sub-items of the elevator before it can be used. Which elevator did it in reality?

Reasons for frequent elevator safety accidents Fourth, the elevator maintenance unit is the main person responsible for the safe operation of the elevator.

According to national regulations, the maintenance of elevators must be carried out by enterprises with professional qualifications. But what did the real maintenance do?

(A) the main work of the elevator daily inspection

1, daily inspection, 9 items to be inspected; 2. Weekly inspection, adding 7 items on the basis of daily inspection; 3, monthly inspection, in addition to the weekly inspection content to increase 4; 4, quarterly inspection, in addition to the contents of the monthly inspection, an increase of 7 items; 5. Annual inspection, including 8 items and 72 items.

(2) Main work and time requirements of elevator maintenance.

1, daily maintenance, inspection at the same time; 2, weekly maintenance, each ladder once a week, each time not less than 4 hours; 3. Maintenance for half a year, every six months 1 time, not less than 8 hours each time; 4, annual maintenance, each ladder every year 1 times, each time not less than 16 hours. Which elevator in the country is in place?

(3) Elevator maintenance fee: 65,438 yuan +0.503 yuan per elevator per month (estimated).

1, labor time required for daily inspection and maintenance (operated by 2 people per ladder)

Daily inspection and maintenance for half an hour, per year 182 hours.

The weekly inspection and maintenance is 4 hours, and the annual cycle is 4 16 hours.

Annual inspection is 2 hours, maintenance is 8 hours and annual inspection is 40 hours.

Annual inspection is 4 hours, annual maintenance 16 hours and annual maintenance is 40 hours.

Total annual inspection and maintenance time: 678 hours.

News? Labor law? 40 hours per week, 678/40= 17 weeks, equal to 0.3 people.

2. Monthly cost of maintenance workers: ① Salary: 1800 yuan *14/12 = 2100 yuan; ② Social Security 960 yuan; ③ Food subsidies to 300 yuan; 4. Transportation expenses 300 yuan; ⑤ Communication fee 100 yuan; ⑥ Welfare 50 yuan, total: RMB 38 10, multiplied by 0.3/ person, which is RMB 1 143.

3. Auxiliary expenses for maintenance. ① Maintenance of enterprise management fees, taxes and profits of 65,438+02%, totaling 65,438+060 yuan; ② Replacement of instruments, tools and wearing parts, 200 yuan, total: 360 yuan.

(IV) Elevator maintenance status

1, one mechanic maintains about 20 ladders; 2. The maintenance cost is about 250- high per ladder in 550 yuan every month, so it can be seen that the cost difference is so big, how can we do standardized maintenance? On June 23, 2006, the elevator of Xingwei Jiayuan Building on Laodong West Road began to operate. By March 2008, the wire rope was broken, the frequency converter was burnt out, and the heavy wheel and guide wheel were damaged. Now all three elevators are out of service. The reason is closely related to elevator maintenance.

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents 5. The quality supervision bureau of the government is the guarantee for the safe operation of elevators.

In the manufacture, installation and use of elevators, the role of the Quality Supervision Bureau is to ensure safety, because unqualified elevators are prohibited from running. On the evening of August 8th, CCTV- 1 reported that a high-rise residential area in Hangzhou had lived in 10 for many years, and there were 55 high-rise elevators in * * *. Last autumn, I paid more than 90,000 annual inspection fees. After the annual inspection, the elevator was injured and the injured sued the property company for compensation. The property company sued the Quality Supervision Bureau, and the court awarded the Quality Supervision Bureau corresponding compensation. However, the Quality Supervision Bureau was dissatisfied with the oral administration and immediately organized personnel to conduct a comprehensive physical examination of 55 elevators in the community. Soon, the results came out. Among them, 30 elevators have exceeded their service life, so it is forbidden to open them, and 25 elevators must be repaired, overhauled and opened immediately. It is extremely hot above 40℃ this year. How can the owner climb 30 floors? The quality supervision bureau is by no means retaliation, but all elevators can't stand strict testing.

Weiyixingcheng International, Shaoshan Road, with 8 elevators, was inspected on August 20 13 and 12, and 8 problems were diagnosed. The rectification was completed on August 28. A few days later, the elevator maintenance company quoted 309,680 yuan, and the property company signed it. By the 28th, the signing rate was less than 5%. I wonder when the elevator has been rectified.

The Quality Supervision Bureau has two important tests on the elevator: first, before the elevator is put into use; The second is the annual inspection, which includes 8 major items and 72 sub-items at a time. It's almost impossible now. If most elevators are stopped according to the standard annual inspection, the owners will be noisy and the property can't be rectified, because the maintenance funds are not used at all, and the annual inspection of elevators can only go through the motions. The quality supervision bureau also has no security guarantee. My preliminary estimate is that if more than 25% of the elevators in Changsha have exceeded their service life, they must be replaced; More than 45% of elevators must be stopped and need to be overhauled; More than 20% of elevators need secondary maintenance and medium repair; 10% elevator? What's wrong with you? But it can persist in normal operation.

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents. Does the elevator safety accident involve the property company? The culprit? .

As soon as all elevator safety accidents happen, the gun is pointed at the property company. As thousands of people have pointed out, the property company has become a real sucker. Can the property management company bear this responsibility?

(1) The work of the property management company in elevator management.

1, elevator safety supervision can only take a walk, have a look, write it down, and it won't be repaired; 2, elevator car health work; 3. Pay for elevator operation and maintenance.

(2) Property service fee standard

Before 2000, the standard of property fees for elevators was between 0.7 and 0.9 to 1.2 yuan/m2/month.

Before 20 10, the charging standard of property fees with elevators is between 0.9, 1.2, 1.4 yuan/㎡/month.

After 20 10, the charging standard of the property fee with elevator is between 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 yuan/㎡/month.

Before 2005, there was basically no maintenance fund in the community. After 2005, maintenance funds are compulsory, but no one can use them.

(3) What will happen to each elevator every month?

Now people have a misunderstanding that all the problems of paying property service fees should be the responsibility of the property company, and they will bear unlimited responsibility if they receive limited fees. Will this work? Now let's see, what will happen to the elevator?

Example: Huafu Community, Xiong Xin, Kaifu District, 20 12 occupancy, Building 2, 2 units, 5 households on each floor, 432.7m2, unit area1471m2, 170 households with nearly 600 people.

1. Electricity charge for elevator operation: when the motor of the traction machine is 14.5KW/, the power consumption of the control cabinet and lighting (including the power consumption of the machine room, car, elevator waiting hall and emergency repair) and the cooling equipment under the car room (air conditioner and fan) is 4KW/ h, totaling 18.5KW/. The operation time is 2.5 hours per day, 30 days per month, and the electricity price is 1. 1 1 yuan/kwh.

Formula: 18.5KW*2 sets * 2.5h *30 days/month *1.1yuan/kwh =2464 yuan (monthly electricity fee).

2. The elevator maintenance premium is 1503 yuan/set *2=3006 yuan.

3. Annual inspection fee of elevator: 500 yuan 7-story station, with an additional 50 yuan for each higher floor.

36th floor -5=29*50 yuan *2=3900 yuan/1February =325 yuan/month.

4. Replace spare parts and wearing parts. Low-quality consumables 300 * 2 per ladder = 600 yuan/month.

5. Emergency repair compensation for accidents is in 300 yuan/Taiwan *2=600 yuan/month.

6. The labor cost of the security supervisor and cleaner of the property is 250 yuan *2*2 people per person per month = 1 000 yuan.

7. Elevator insurance premium (referring to automobile insurance)

8. The management fees and profits and taxes of materials enterprises are 5% and 7%, which are not lower than those of 700 yuan.

9. Depreciation expense of elevator: the longest service life of elevator is 15 years, generally1-13 years, calculated as13 years: 7 16000 yuan/1.

This case is the latest property, and the property fee is 1.5 yuan/㎡/month, so the safety of elevators in other communities, especially before 2005, can be imagined.

According to document [2065438+00] No.76, the elevator room charges 0.4 yuan per square meter every month. The residential area of this unit is 147 1 1 m2 *0.4 yuan =5884 yuan, and the fees collected only account for 44% of the expenses. Excluding depreciation, only 67% is needed. Although there are special maintenance funds, one is a drop in the bucket and the other is not universal.

Causes of frequent elevator safety accidents. Owners and users don't abide by elevator specifications, and owners' meeting doesn't manage elevators, which is also one of the reasons for elevator safety accidents.

(1) In August 2007, the elevator in a residential area was closed in the afternoon, and the property management company received an alarm. In less than five minutes, it opened the elevator door and rescued four people. After four people left, the elevator was completely destroyed, most of the floor selection buttons were smashed, the car was broken and deformed, and the ceiling and ceiling lights were all broken. It took 6.5438+0 million yuan to repair the elevator in just 5 minutes.

(2) A building on Wuyi Road, 20 10. Several people were locked in the elevator and didn't call the property. They called 1 19 to call the police, and the fire brigade arrived and opened the door with a crowbar and a powerful dilator to save people. However, the hall door and car door were completely destroyed, and the elevator maintenance man rushed to the scene with a blank face. As a result, the hall door can be opened with the triangle key, and both floors are opened.

(3) October 2011/kloc-0 went to a building to do business. A mother and son are playing with the elevator, and the buttons on each floor are on. I said to this lady? The elevator is dangerous. Please don't take children to play in it. . Half an hour later, I took the elevator again, and the mother and son were still playing with it. I advised her again, and she said angrily? It's none of your business. Do you care?

(4) Building decoration is the most likely to damage the elevator. Some decoration teams simply ignore the rules of elevators and do whatever they want. Some masters tap buttons with hammer tools.

(5) The elevator of an office building is 1 1,000 kg, and the load is limited to 1 person. As a result, 2 1 people crowded in, and the elevator could not start, but everyone refused to quit.

(6) Someone jammed the elevator door first, then closed it after installing it. When the elevator is stuck, the door crane keeps moving. After a long time, the door crane is damaged, which may easily lead to the failure of the door crane.

(7) Two elevators in a residential area are broken, so maintenance funds must be used, and maintenance and use must be signed by more than two thirds of the owners. As a result, it has been signed for three years, and it has not reached two-thirds, especially the owners of the following floors, who just don't agree to use maintenance funds to repair elevators.

(8) Less than 20% of owners' meetings have been established, but owners' meetings and owners' committees never ask about elevators, let alone manage elevators.

Through the above analysis, the elevator safety problem is really worrying. It has reached the total outbreak cycle, and there will be more and more elevator stop accidents in the future. This is an objective fact, so who should be responsible for elevator safety? All eight related units are responsible, but it seems that none of them are. Elevator safety problems will be triggered by individual cases and gradually evolve into group problems and social problems. It is not only related to people's living and working in peace and contentment, but also related to China's urbanization process and the ability of our government to manage new cities.

Elevator application technology 1, all-digital passenger identification technology (all passengers are identified before entering the elevator, including eye identification and fingerprint identification).

2, digital intelligent security control technology (through the passenger identification system or IC card and digital monitoring equipment, refuse outsiders to enter)

3, the fourth generation of elevator technology without machine room (the main engine must be separated from the guide rail and the car, there is no * * * vibration * * sound at all, the speed can reach more than 2.0M/S, and the highest can be used above 30 floors. )

4. Two-way safety protection technology (two-way safety tongs and two-way speed limiter, which must be used in Europe, are widely used in China).

5, rapid installation technology (change the elevator installation way in the past, can be quickly assembled)

6. Energy-saving technology (adopting energy-saving technology to make elevators more energy-saving)

7, digital monitoring technology (completely using computer to monitor the elevator)

8. Wireless remote control alarm device (when the elevator breaks down, the elevator can send fault information to the mobile phone through the wireless device, and simply control the elevator by sending signals through the mobile phone. )

Structural space of elevator

Machine room, shaft and pit, car and platform.

system

Traction system: The main function of traction system is to output and transmit power to make the elevator run. The traction system is mainly composed of traction machine, traction wire rope, guide pulley and anti-rope pulley.

Guide system: the main function of the guide system is to limit the freedom of movement of the car and counterweight, so that the car and counterweight can only move up and down along the guide rail. The guide system is mainly composed of guide rail, guide shoe and guide rail frame.

Car: The car is an elevator component for transporting passengers and goods, and it is the working part of the elevator. The car consists of a frame and a car body.

Door system: the main function of the door system is to close the entrance of the landing and the entrance of the car. The door system consists of car door, landing door, door opener and door lock device.

Weight balance system: the main function of this system is to relatively balance the weight of the car, so that the weight difference between the car and the counterweight is kept within a limited range when the elevator is running, and the traction drive of the elevator is normal. The system is mainly composed of counterweight and weight compensation device.

Electric drive system: The function of electric drive system is to provide power and control the speed of elevator. The electric drive system is composed of traction motor, power supply system, speed feedback device and motor speed regulating device.

Electrical control system: The main function of the electrical control system is to manipulate and control the operation of the elevator. The electrical control system is mainly composed of control device, position display device, control panel (cabinet), leveling device and layer selector.