Selection of outdoor lighting in residential areas?

What is the specific content of outdoor lighting selection in residential areas? Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions below.

1, Foreword Outdoor lighting in residential areas can be divided into functional lighting and decorative lighting, which play an auxiliary role in landscaping, and their functions are inseparable; At the same time, due to the seriousness of the environment, the electrical safety of outdoor lighting can not be ignored. Therefore, when designing outdoor lighting, we should grasp the overall concept and comprehensively analyze and standardize the lighting from three aspects: functionality, landscape and safety, so as to design high-level outdoor lighting works. 2. Lighting of main roads in residential areas The main roads in residential areas have the characteristics of mixed people and vehicles, low speed, large traffic volume and relatively narrow road surface, so the control of glare is lower than that of urban traffic trunk lines; There are many buildings on both sides of the street, so it is necessary to improve the illumination on both sides of the road appropriately, so semi-cut or open light distribution lamps are often used. According to the height of roadside buildings, the height of light poles should be 4~8 m, the spacing should be 20~30 m, and the average illumination should be 3 ~ 5lx；, taking into account the uniformity and economy of light distribution. The light is often distributed on the same side, so the light distribution density can be appropriately increased at the corner, the height of the lamp pole can be increased, and the induction can be strengthened; The horizontal pole of the street lamp should extend out of the cliff. 6~ 1.0 m, and should not be irradiated in the middle of the road, in order to avoid the narrow and undulating light and shadow of the road in rainy days. When the elevation angle of lamps is large, the roadway illumination is high, which is beneficial to driving safety, but the sidewalk illumination is low, which is not conducive to glare control. After comprehensive consideration, the elevation angle is usually 5 ~ 15. In addition, although the focus of road lighting is visibility, its beautification function can not be ignored. Therefore, the form, height, light color and illuminance of lamps should be fully coordinated with the surrounding buildings and outdoor environment, so as not to destroy the overall effect of lighting. Incandescent lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp and high-pressure sodium lamp are commonly used in traditional street lamp light sources. Incandescent lamps are inefficient and not conducive to energy saving, so they should be used as little as possible; High-pressure mercury lamp has low light efficiency and short service life, and it will have color difference and mercury leakage to pollute the environment after being damaged, so it is generally not recommended to use it. High-pressure sodium lamp is one of the most suitable light sources for street lighting because of its high light efficiency and life span, high resolution and strong fog permeability, but its light color and color rendering are poor, so the use of road lighting should be limited to residential areas that often serve as pedestrian streets and commercial streets. Metal halide lamps have high light efficiency, long service life, good light color, high color rendering index and excellent comprehensive indexes. However, in the past, the traditional inductive metal halide lamp was unable to give full play to the advantages of the light source itself because of its many accessories, large volume, low power factor and unstable operation, which reduced the overall performance index of the lamp. For some time, the application of metal halide lamps in residential areas has been limited, especially in the case of unstable voltage, which is easy to cause the accident that triggers, ballasts and even lamps themselves are burned. With the maturity of electronic ballast technology of metal halide lamp, the power factor of metal halide lamp equipped with electronic ballast is as high as 98%, which is almost unaffected by the change of mains voltage, and its environmental adaptability is greatly enhanced, and it can work normally in the environment with temperature from -30℃ to +45℃ and humidity not exceeding 98%. Secondly, the appearance of ceramic metal halide lamp further strengthens the stability of light color of metal halide lamp, and clears the last way for it to become the first choice light source for outdoor road lighting in residential areas. 3. Garden Lighting In recent years, most residential areas have been designed as garden-like outdoor environments. Therefore, garden lighting plays a very important role in residential lighting, which not only sets off the landscape or even assists in landscaping, but also fully embodies the decorative function of outdoor lighting, eliminates the lighting dead angle, facilitates people's activities and reduces crimes. It is an organic part and extension of visual function. As a place for residents to walk and rest outdoors, gardens should strive for a relaxed, comfortable and safe feeling. Therefore, the lighting in the garden is mostly low-key, and the overall illumination should be low rather than high. Generally, the illumination of garden path lights should be 5~ 10 lx, and the road with more pedestrians and more emphasis on traffic function should be about 20 lx. There are many styles of garden trail lights, including Chinese, Western European and Japanese. When choosing lamps, we must pay attention to the harmony and unity with the surrounding architectural style, which is simple, artistic and not luxurious, and conforms to the characteristics of residential areas. Attention should be paid to controlling glare. The height of the light source should be selected according to the width of the road and the height of the surrounding buildings, generally 0.6~ 1. 2 times the road width, but it should not be higher than 3.5 m. On the premise of meeting the pedestrian's sense of safety, try to reduce the illumination of small-diameter lamps, and the installation spacing of lamps is small, often 15~25 m, which gives people a quiet and comfortable feeling. In the past, most of these lamps used incandescent light sources. However, due to the short life and low luminous efficiency of incandescent lamps, it is suggested to replace them with low-power metal halide lamps or other light sources with high color rendering. Fluorescent lamps with high color rendering can also be used in southern areas, but they are not suitable for areas with low outdoor temperature in winter. In addition, when the installation height of lamps is less than 2.5 m, in order to avoid glare as much as possible, ivory glass or frosted glass lamps should be used. Plant floodlights are usually lawn lights and tree floodlights. Proper use in residential areas can adjust the ambient atmosphere at night, but attention should be paid to the key use to avoid too much or too bright, so as not to destroy the quiet rest environment. In order to maintain the broad atmosphere of the lawn, lawn lights should be installed at a distance of 40~ 70 cm from the ground, the maximum should not exceed 1 m, and the spacing should be 3. 5~5. 0 times the height of the light source. Attention should be paid to avoid glare from entering people's field of vision during installation. When installing the lawn near the road, we should pay attention to concealment, or choose artistic lamps for decoration, so that the lamps themselves can be integrated into the landscape. When applying, you can also use halo to form rhythmic graphics to avoid uniform and dull feeling. Some lawn lamps are also equipped with background music speakers, which makes it easier and more enjoyable to walk on the lawn. In addition, you can use floodlights to project light onto trees. Considering the beauty during the day, floodlights are generally installed on the ground, and trees can be used for concealment when conditions permit, but they should be placed under evergreen trees as far as possible. Considering the characteristics of residential buildings, it is generally not necessary to illuminate at a higher position of trees. If it is necessary because of the overall environmental needs, it is advisable to set up light poles next to trees to install lamps, not directly installed on branches, so as not to affect the growth of trees. Ancient and famous trees often become the focus of lighting, especially this point should be paid attention to. The number and spacing of lamps and lanterns should be carefully considered in lighting design; When installing, the angle of the lamp holder should be carefully adjusted to ensure that the overall lighting environment is bright and dark, forming a rich three-dimensional sense and layering, and avoiding the incident glare from entering the eyes of pedestrians. Mercury lamp is often used as the light source of plant floodlights, which can not only save energy, but also make trees and lawns greener and brighter. In order to reduce the workload of seasonal maintenance, the flower beds in the community are rarely illuminated. If applied, pay attention to the use of high-color light sources, such as halogen lamps, metal halide lamps or new fluorescent lamps. Single-sided projection or multi-sided illumination can be used; Lamps and lanterns can be placed on the ground or underground, and can also be fixed on lamp poles. According to the specific shape and focus, arrange the position and arrangement of lighting points, carefully select the color and intensity of light, adjust the projection angle and projection plane, and create a bright outline effect and highlight the focus through shadows and different brightness. Because the overall environmental illumination of residential area is not high, the illumination of residential area does not need to be too high to achieve satisfactory results, and attention should be paid to minimizing the influence of glare. Simply put, it is the basic design principle of lighting to set off the main body without destroying the coordination of the overall environment of the community. Installing floodlights on the still water surface or the slowly flowing water edge, illuminating the water surface with direct light sources, and reflecting the nearby scenery through the water surface can achieve pleasing, comfortable and peaceful effects. When the wind blows the water, it can also realize the dynamic effect of changing water features with different brightness. Because the overall environment of the community is dark, the illuminance of lamps should not be too high, and it is appropriate to use 30~75 lx. At the same time, lamps and lanterns should be arranged reasonably to avoid strong water glare in the personnel activity area. Fountains, waterfalls and other strong dynamic water features are rarely used in residential areas, but sometimes they can be seen in central squares and other places. For fountain lighting, a projector can be installed behind the water spout or below the water drop point. Because of the different refractive indexes of air and water, light will be refracted twice when entering and leaving the water column, showing magnificent colors, and scattered water droplets will also produce sparkling effects. For waterfalls, lamps should be installed at the lower part of the water flow, and floodlights with appropriate power should be selected according to the waterfall drop, velocity and water depth. For stepped water flow, it is suggested to install a linear light source at the bottom of each step. Generally speaking, halogen tungsten lamps can be used as the light source of waterscape lamps. Using its continuous spectrum, light is reflected or refracted through the water body, resulting in colorful effects. When choosing lamps, pay attention to waterproof performance. Such as building floodlighting, string lighting, neon lights, advertising lighting, etc. These lights are warm and lively, colorful and full of emotion, which makes people feel quiet and comfortable. Therefore, they should not be widely used in residential areas. When it is really necessary, there should also be restrictions on the time, place and lighting. , such as string lights used in general holidays; Another example is floodlighting, which should generally only be used in a small amount in residential entertainment and commercial centers, so as not to usurp the role of the host, destroy the overall atmosphere and affect the rest of residents. 4, outdoor lighting power supply and control mode The main road lighting and safety lighting should be introduced into two low-voltage power supplies by two adjacent transformers and switched at the end of the control room to enhance the reliability of power supply, facilitate residents and reduce crime; Road lighting can be powered by three-phase cable, and the lights are separated and the phases are changed to avoid the complete interruption of road lighting in a large area due to circuit failure. Outdoor lighting control equipment is permanently installed in the property management center or concierge, and large residential areas can also be set in the open air. Road lighting should use automatic switch time controller to save electricity. Garden lighting can be controlled in the same way, or manually by managers. Outdoor lighting should be able to automatically or manually turn off some unimportant lights in the middle of the night to save electricity. 5. Electrical Safety of Outdoor Lighting Outdoor lighting equipment is eroded by wind, rain, sun and dust, and it is easy to be damaged by unrelated people or children and other animals before being exposed to the public. Usually, the equipment protection level is necessary. Outdoor lamps and lanterns have large coverage and small foundation, and usually do not have the favorable conditions for equipotential bonding, so equipotential bonding is generally not done except in special dangerous places such as fountains and swimming pools. At this time, if there is a grounding fault, it will be more dangerous; If TN grounding system is adopted, the PE line led from the power supply may also conduct the fault voltage elsewhere to the casing of outdoor lighting equipment, causing danger. Therefore, TN grounding system is not suitable for outdoor lighting system, and TT grounding system is recommended, and leakage protector is installed at the head end of the loop, and the working current is not more than 30 mA. Used for outdoor lighting, such as floodlights, residential lights, advertising lights, waterscape lights, etc. Power failure will not cause danger, and the leakage protector can be used to cut off the loop power switch; For the road lighting of the main traffic ring in large residential areas or the outdoor lighting with anti-crime function, the power failure of the whole circuit should be avoided, and the loop leakage protector is only used for alarm. At this time, it is suggested to install a small-capacity fuse in each street lamp junction box, which is also used for overcurrent and grounding fault protection. For TT system, Ia is the rated melting current of the melt, usually 3 ~ 5 A, and RA is the grounding resistance of the illuminator shell, generally not more than 65438. Of course, for a few high-end residential areas, each lamp can also be equipped with a leakage protection switch, which has good effect, but poor economy, high requirements for property management, and careful design. Waterscape lighting requires very high safety against electric shock. Equipotential bonding is the most essential measure to prevent electric shock in waterscape, that is, the conductive parts of all equipment shells in the protection zone (zone 0~2) are connected with the protective wires of the exposed conductive parts in these areas, and connected with the grounding device through the general grounding terminal, and the grounding resistance is generally required to be not less than1Ω. Specific parts of equipotential, such as exposed metal parts and internal steel bars of structures such as pools, metal external frames or components, metal fences or nets, metal water supply and drainage outlets, metal shells and components of lighting lamps and pumps, wire protection steel pipes, and metal armor layers of cables, etc. When the waterscape lamp adopts photoelectric integrated lamp, it has high safety requirements, many equipment and heavy maintenance and management workload. Due to the low brightness of lighting background in residential areas, the use of optical fiber lighting can also achieve satisfactory results. Using optical fiber as a medium to connect the light-emitting point (light source electrical part) and the light-emitting point (light source emission part), the light source electrical part can be set in a safe area as needed to ensure the electrical safety of lighting. In addition to the advantages of good safety, optical fiber lighting also has the characteristics of good energy saving and convenient installation and control. Add a color turntable or filter to the luminous point, and you can change the color of the luminous point at will. Therefore, for waterscape lighting in residential areas, optical fiber lighting should be popularized.

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