About Eichhornia crassipes

First, South America, although water hyacinth

The ability to purify sewage is strong, but a large number of water hyacinths cover the river, which is easy to cause water quality deterioration and affect the growth of underwater organisms. Water hyacinth breeds very fast and consumes a lot of dissolved oxygen when it grows, which is almost synonymous with "pollution". Well-known water bodies such as Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake, Huangpu River and Wuhan East Lake have all been submerged by water hyacinths, which cannot be cured at great cost. The case of water hyacinth causing losses to Dianchi Lake is one of the classic cases of invasive species. In 1980s, Kunming built an ideal water tourist route from Daguan River to Dianchi Lake and Xishan Mountain, where tourists can visit Dianchi Lake and Xishan Mountain by boat from downtown. However, in the early 1990s, Daguan River and Dianchi Lake water hyacinth flooded, covering the whole river surface and part of the water surface of Dianchi Lake, forcing this tourist route to be cancelled, and the supporting tourist facilities built on both sides of Daguan River had to be abandoned or used for other purposes, and Daguan River was also transformed into an underground river. These are only direct economic losses, but the ecological losses caused by water hyacinth are difficult to estimate.

Fujian media reported the first outbreak of water hyacinth in China in 2007. The water hyacinth in the upper reaches of Minjiang River covers the whole reservoir area of Shuikou Dam, covering an area of nearly 2,400 mu. Subsequently, the name water hyacinth appeared in newspapers all over the country, becoming the most exposed plant since the first half of this year:

April

2012 65438+1October 3 1 Wankou Village, Shuikou Town, Fujian Province [4]

Water hyacinths have appeared around the Three Gorges reservoir area in central China, and the water hyacinths of Huangbai River in Yichang have blocked the river. In mid-May, the gourd of Huatan River in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province blocked the river for 3 kilometers; At the beginning of June, Chongqing Huaxi Hulu was blocked for 4 kilometers; At the same time, Sichuan Huaneng Qingju Hydropower Station located on Jialing River was invaded by a large number of water hyacinths. At the beginning of July, water hyacinth broke out in the upper reaches of Qiantang River in Zhejiang Province, and Fuchunjiang Reservoir was not spared. In the same period, water hyacinth broke out on a large scale in Jinshan and Songjiang, Shanghai, and only Jinshan District salvaged at least 550 tons every day; In mid-August, the water hyacinth of Lianhu Lake in Anqing City, Anhui Province invaded nearly 1,000 mu of water surface; At the beginning of September, water hyacinth broke out in Laodao River, Hunan Province, with a thickness of 3 meters, and fishermen could walk on it. Previously, the water hyacinth of Liuyang River had blocked the river for several kilometers. Rivers must be filled with water hyacinths. ...

On September 6, 2007, Haitang Property Management Company, directly under the administration of Qiantang River in Zhejiang Province, discovered water hyacinth on Qiantang River. In order to clean up the water surface in time, the company has sent six salvage boats and more than 80 cleaning staff to salvage day and night. As of the 9th, 350 tons have been salvaged. It is reported that water hyacinth grows very fast and can cover the whole water surface in a short time, consuming a lot of dissolved oxygen, forcing aquatic organisms to survive, especially in autumn, its roots and leaves will rot rapidly, which not only blocks water traffic, but also pollutes water sources.

201265438+1October 3 1, in Wankou Village, Shuikou Town, Gutian County, Ningde City, Fujian Province, the mighty water hyacinth stretches for nearly 10 km of Minjiang River, like a grassland. Surrounded by water hyacinth, fry can't be stocked.

Invasion situation

Water hyacinth is native to South America, but it is controlled by natural enemies in Brazil.

Eichhornia crassipes (17 pieces) system, with only one ornamental population scattered in the water body, was once called "clove corolla for beautifying the world" at 1844 American Expo. Since then, water hyacinth has been introduced and cultivated as an ornamental plant, which has caused harm in dozens of countries such as Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. Distributed in most tropical and subtropical areas between 40 north latitude (Portugal) and South latitude of New Zealand, it has caused harm. /kloc-was introduced to Southeast Asia during the 0/9th century, and 190 1 year was introduced to China as a flower. In 1930s, it was introduced to inland provinces of China as a plant for ornamental and purifying water, and then escaped to the wild. Because of its rapid asexual reproduction, it has been widely distributed in North China, East China, Central China, South China and Southwest China 19 provinces and cities, especially in Yunnan (Kunming), Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and other provinces, and has spread to temperate regions, such as Jinzhou and Yingkou.

Because of its fast reproduction speed and few competitors and natural enemies (although many wild and domestic animals feed on its stems and leaves, their food intake is small, which has no influence on its huge growth), it has developed rapidly in rivers and lakes in southern China and become one of the main alien invasive species in fresh water bodies in China.

Eichhornia crassipes is mainly distributed in southern China; Eichhornia crassipes can't survive in the natural state because of the frozen period of the northern rivers. However, in recent years, with the evolution of global warming and its natural selection, its harmful areas have a tendency to expand northward.

Before the implementation of the project, there were 6.5438+0.84 million tons of this kind of water hyacinth in China, among which, in order to prevent the harm of water hyacinth from increasing, the government invested hundreds of millions of yuan to catch water hyacinth and captured more than 600,000 tons.

Dianchi Lake was first reported to be the most seriously invaded area, and the others were Taihu Lake Basin. In June, 2009, CCTV reported the great pressure of water hyacinth at Shuikou Hydropower Station and Shaxikou Hydropower Station in Fujian Minjiang River Basin. Tens of thousands of acres of water hyacinths have formed in the reservoir area, which is spectacular, like a vast grassland. Manual salvage takes more than two months, which puts great pressure on power generation, shipping and ecological protection. The crazy growth of water hyacinth is related to the saturation of hydropower development, too many dams, slow water flow, eutrophication and serious COD content exceeding the standard.

Should be cleared.

Since 2007, water hyacinth has been regarded as a "poisonous weed" and a pest that pollutes the environment, and has been puzzling most southern cities in China. People have been racking their brains to eliminate its harm.

Water hyacinth, scientific name "Eichhornia crassipes", commonly known as water hyacinth. It is an aquatic floating plant, about 0.3 meters high, with an erect oval hollow gourd-shaped stem under the dark green leaves, hence its name. Every year between summer and autumn, the water hyacinth in the river is flooded, but everything has its two sides, both advantages and disadvantages, and water hyacinth is no exception.

Water hyacinth is mistaken for an important alien invasive pollutant by unreasonable people. In fact, water hyacinth is a good friend of human beings. Using scientific methods to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages can eliminate pollution, develop animal husbandry, organic fertilizer industry, organic fruit and vegetable industry, green natural gas industry and other industries, solve the problem of high oil and food prices in the world today, and solve the bottleneck problem of economic development.

Because domestic sewage and a large amount of chemical fertilizer discharged from farmland are added to the water system, the water quality is rich in nutrition and suitable for the growth of water hyacinth, so the area of water hyacinth has been continuously developed and expanded. This was originally a good thing to remove nutrients from the water system. However, because people don't fully understand this problem, they simply adopt the method of salvage and removal. In this way, the water hyacinth that can absorb nutrients in water is eliminated, but domestic sewage and chemical fertilizers continue to enter the water system. After a period of time, the result of massive accumulation of nutrients is bound to be the resurrection of water hyacinth in a wider range!

In order to make rational use of the advantages of water hyacinth, comprehensive management should be carried out scientifically: according to the frequent supplement of nutrients in water bodies in various regions, the utilization scale of water hyacinth in various regions should be determined, and the water hyacinth can be used to process and develop animal husbandry at a rate of one tenth to one eighth per day, which can save a lot of feed grain and solve the problem of competing with people for food and land;

Water hyacinth and human excrement enter the biogas generating device, and the carbon dioxide in biogas is removed by pressurized water to become green natural gas. According to the gas production of various provinces, countries and continents, it will be a huge green natural gas industry, which will make human beings have no worries, the biosphere have no worries and the earth can develop sustainably!

According to the research of scientists, water hyacinth is an edible plant. Wuhan experts put forward the "eating theory": Water hyacinth tastes like Chinese cabbage and is an authentic "green vegetable". Fried water hyacinth and boiled water hyacinth taste good, except that its roots are harmless. More than 654.38 million+bottles of drinks made from it were listed in Wuhan and sold out. Water hyacinth can also be processed and refined into a food additive, which can treat colds. Water hyacinth is rich in amino acids, including 8 kinds of amino acids that are necessary for human survival and cannot be manufactured by itself. Water hyacinth is really a good thing. Therefore, we should correct the name of water hyacinth.

The news is credible. In the 1960s, I saw with my own eyes that farmers picked up water hyacinth from the river, chopped it up and fed it to pigs. Who likes to eat it? Later, with the improvement of people's economic conditions, pigs stopped eating this green feed. Unexpectedly, the times have changed, and a large amount of domestic garbage and sewage are discharged into rivers, and the water body is eutrophic, which leads to the wanton growth of water hyacinth and becomes a "green devil", which is also unexpected.

The above findings of scientists provide a feasible way for water hyacinth to "solve its difficulties". Water hyacinth is a sustainable and renewable resource. Comprehensive utilization of it can develop many new products. A knowledgeable manufacturer might as well give it a try. This is a good thing to kill two birds with one stone. Gourmets might as well have a try. If this kind of home cooking can appear on the table of Shanghai residents in the future, restaurants will also introduce this new delicacy.