What is the origin of the Peach Blossom Festival in Changde, Hunan?

Taohuayuan is a famous scenic spot in Shenzhou. The "Xanadu" written by Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is well known all over the world. Where is the prestigious Peach Blossom Garden? In the explanation of the entry "Taoyuan Mountain", authoritative reference books clearly point out that Taoyuan Mountain is located in the southwest of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, with Taoyuan Cave, also known as Qinren Cave and Baima Cave, which is the site of Taohuayuan recorded by Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Over 2000 years BC, Taohuayuan Scenic Area was located on National Highway 3 19, with quiet scenery and beautiful forests and valleys. According to legend, in the ancient Tang and Yao dynasties, Mr. Shanjuan went south from the Central Plains and lived in seclusion in Changde Mountain, which is less than a hundred miles away from the Peach Blossom Garden. Yu Shun, who lived in seclusion because of the compromise of the world, brought the Central Plains culture to xiang yuan, and people called his secluded mountain "De".

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, it belonged to Baipu. In the same dynasty, Zhou Chengwang was a vassal, and Xiong Yi was named Zi Chu. Chu is a viscount, surnamed Xiong, so he is called "Xiongchu". Chu is in the wilderness of the south. Wang Hua cannot expand his territory without authorization. So Zi Chu invaded Baipu and changed this area to "the middle of Guizhou", and the Peach Blossom Garden was in the middle of Guizhou. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, King Chu Ping (reigned in 528-5 16 BC) built Cailing City in Taoyuan County. Judging from the excavation site of Cailing City, although Taohuayuan area belongs to the southern wasteland, it was developed earlier and its culture was quite developed. Huang Xie, one of the four sons of the Warring States, was first sealed in Wuling, and once managed this area as a state of etiquette. Besides, there is plenty of food and peach blossoms here. The great patriotic poet Chu San Lv Qu Yuan was exiled to the south of the Yangtze River by Wang Xiang. He followed Shanjuan's footsteps and wandered around the Yuanjiang River for a long time. "Go to Yuan by boat, and all the countries will be defeated" () and "Yuan has a orchid" (), all these famous sentences are a portrayal of his life. He set out from the waste Zhu (Deshan), returned to Yuanjiang to Chenyang through Taohuayuan, and finally lived in Xupu for a long time. Now Changde also has San Lv Bridge and San Lv Lane named after his official position. He inherited and developed Chu culture. During his long exile, he practiced chanting everywhere and created Sao-style literature.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, today's Peach Blossom Garden was merged into Qianzhong County. In the early Western Han Dynasty, Qianzhong County was changed to Wuling County, which governed 13 county, including southwest Hubei, west of Yuanjiang River Basin in Hunan, Guiyang, Sanjiang and east of Longsheng in Guangxi. Taohuayuan is located in Linyuan County, Wuling County, which was then called Aconitum Village.

In the 24th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 48), Ma Yuan, a Fu general, traveled south to Wuxi and once lived in Wutou Village. Today, there are still the "Stone House in Ma Yuan" where he spent his summer vacation and the "Yingpanzhou" where he once pitched a tent. His soldiers suffered from the plague, and the local people offered "Sansheng Tang" (that is, smashing tea) to cure the plague, so there was a story of Lei in Taohuayuan. That is, in the 26th year of Liang Wudi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuannan County broke away from Linyuan County and was forbidden to belong to Wuling County. Taohuayuan belonged to Yuannan County and Wuling County during the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this historical stage, in the Jin Dynasty (from the middle of the 3rd century BC to the beginning of the 5th century BC), the scenic spot of Taohuayuan began to have buildings. Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, used romanticism to build an ideal kingdom-Peach Blossom Garden, which has no disputes, exploitation and oppression. It reflects the people's yearning for a peaceful, quiet, happy and beautiful life, and also reflects the people's protest against the dark society. Tao Yuanming was influenced by the Confucian ideal of "Great Harmony in the World" and the Taoist thought of "Less People". Tao Yuanming inherited Chu culture and Qu Yuan. Peach Blossom Garden became famous for a while after the appearance of The Combination of Peach Blossom Garden Poems. In reality, Taoyuan Mountain, Taoyuan View, Taohua Mountain, Taochuan Palace (i.e. Yuanjiang area near Taoyuan Mountain) and other scenic spots have become famous in one fell swoop.

The concept of cherishing Taoyuan was destroyed by soldiers at the end of Sui Dynasty, but the beautiful Taoyuan Mountain and Taohua Mountain still bloom in the endless stream of Taochuan, and the Peach Blossom Garden outlined by Mr. Tao is deeply engraved in the hearts of the world. At present, Wuling County is changed to Weizhou County, which governs Linyuan County, Yuannan County and Hanshou County, and Taohuayuan belongs to Wuling County. By the Tang Dynasty, the Peach Blossom Garden was very developed. In addition, 20 nearby farmers were exempted from taxes on May 13th in the summer (AD 748), which was increased to 30 nearby households. Qu Baiting, a Taoist priest in Taoyuan, built an altar in Taoyuan Mountain and built Quxian Pavilion for two years (AD 78 1). The buildings in Taohuayuan, mainly Taoist temples, have already reached a certain scale, and the scope of the downhill boundary is determined by the government. According to Di Zhongli, they are located in Huichang. According to legend, Taoyuan Mountain Scenic Area is seven miles wide from east to west, nine miles long from north to south, five miles from Siluoxi in the east, two miles from Shuixi in the west, four miles from Zhangshan in the south and five miles from Yuanjiang in the north. A Xanadu > As the saying goes, "The 35-hole Taoyuan Mountain, 70 Li a week, is called White Horse Showing the Sky, in Wuling County, Langzhou." In the Tang Dynasty, Taohuayuan entered the early stage of prosperity. Especially in the early years of Yuanhe (around 807 AD), Liu Yuxi, a famous writer, was demoted to Sima in Langzhou, and often visited the Peach Blossom Garden. After the inscription, he wrote: Taoyuan Mountain, Taoyuan Cave, Taoyuan Temple, the historical sites left by the Jin Dynasty, and the original site of Peach Blossom Garden written by Mr. Tao Yuanming, which is what bureaucrats, literati, Taoists and even the people yearn for and explore. TaoyuanTaoist Chen Tongwei and Taoist friend Wang Zhiyan begged Wu Suiling to be the prefect, and changed the Taoyuan view into a stone shrine, with many buildings, to make the Peach Blossom Garden more attractive.

Because all the famous poets, writers, officials and Taoist priests in the Tang Dynasty of Tao Yuanming yearned for Taoyuan Mountain, Taoyuan Cave and Taoyuan View. According to historical records, there are as many as 450 Tang Dynasty celebrities who left poems in Taohuayuan, including Meng Haoran, Zhang Xu, Wang Wei, Li Bai, Liu Changqing, Liu Yuxi, Wang Changling and Li Qunyu. Until the Song Dynasty, it became the heyday in history. In Song Taizu (A.D. 963), the imperial court separated the areas with scenic spots and historical sites on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of Yuanjiang River from Wuling County, and set up another county with Taoyuan as its name. Soon, Langzhou was renamed Dingzhou, and Taohuayuan in Taoyuan County was a city government. (A.D. 1 165), Dingzhou. Make great efforts to build Taoist temples under the Peach Blossom Garden. In the first year of Chunhua (AD 990), Langzhou officials were ordered to build 500 fairy pavilions. When it was completed, it was named Wang Xian Pavilion. In the first year of Zheng He (A.D.11), Song personally presented the "Taochuan Wanshou Palace" with a plaque.

In 89 years of Yuan Dynasty, the Peach Blossom Garden was not restored and developed due to the neglect of management by the imperial court. On the contrary, it was destroyed in the last year of Shun Di's rule (A.D. 1333- 1368). During this period, many famous literati still visited the Peach Blossom Garden and wrote many poems, such as Zhang Hu and Yuan Haowen.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Peach Blossom Garden was sometimes repaired, sometimes destroyed, sometimes fashionable, and sometimes abandoned. In the 12th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1379), Wade, the abbot of Taoyuan, built something on the site. In the 3rd year of Wanli (A.D. 1575), Liu Yuxi wrote the tablet of "Peach Garden Jiazhi". From the 8th year of Wanli/KLOC-0 to the 23rd year (A.D. 1595), in the 32nd year of Wanli (A.D. 1604), Liu Zhilong, the deputy envoy of Hubei Province, made an inspection tour of Hubei. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (AD1mid-7th century), a new Huangwen Pavilion was built at the top of Huangwen Mountain. At the same time, the Peach Blossom Garden is on the Yuanjiang River. In the whole era of Peach Blossom Garden, there are as many as 68 poets who left their names in Peach Blossom Garden and published their poems and works, including Wang Wei, Wang Shouren, Yuan Hongdao, Li Deyang and Zhang Jingxin.

After more than 260 years in the Qing Dynasty, the Peach Blossom Garden was restored one after another, but it was far less prosperous than in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the early Qing Dynasty, Yi Luo advocated repairing Yuanming Temple (also known as Jingjie Temple) and planting peach trees in front of it. In the eighth year of Qianlong, Wang Zenghua, the magistrate of Taoyuan County, advocated repairing Taochuan Palace Academy near Taochuan Palace. It took eighteen years (AD 1743) for Qu Yishen, the magistrate of Taoyuan County, to build the wall of Taochuan Palace Academy. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), the king of the county once built a palace. In the four years of Tongzhi, Sun Zhitong in Taoyuan continued to build the Hall of Great Heroes. Nine years of Tongzhi (1870), Liu Changqing, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Zhang Xu, Liu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, etc. 14 people wrote poems about the Hall of Jixian in Taohuayuan Poetry City. In the 14th year of Guangxu reign, Yu in Taoyuan County began to clean up the Taoxi School Confucian Classics around Taoyuan Cave and Taochuan Palace. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu, the roof tiles of Yuanming Temple were smashed to pieces. Yu, a magistrate of a county, rebuilt Yuanming Temple and arranged pavilions. According to Tao Shi, he wrote the following titles: Inquiry Pavilion, Poor Forest Bridge, Extension Pavilion, Water Source Pavilion, Peach Blossom Pond, Fisherman's Entry, Sudden Terrace, Fear-seeking Pavilion, Holding High Pavilion, Fisherman's Speech and Leaving Pavilion. Twelve places of Xiangluqiao Road and Bridge continued the thinning of Taohuayuan Taoist cultural veil in Ming Dynasty and the strengthening of Tao Qian cultural essence, and made great strides in this respect in Qing Dynasty. Taohuayuan people sent the fisherman out of the source. < There is no way to return to the Peach Blossom Garden & gt, which is completely combined with Tao Yuanming's Poems of Peach Blossom Garden in Qing Dynasty. From the 19th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1754) to the 26th year of Daoguang, in less than a hundred years, abbot Dashige of Peach Blossom Garden, scholar Tang of Wuling, and Hu Zhuo of Wuling successively compiled Poems of Peach Blossom Garden, which ran through the Qing Dynasty, and literati came in droves.

During the Republic of China, the Peach Blossom Garden also recovered and developed slightly. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Guan Yu was built in the former site of Dashige, presided over by Li Guan, Governor of Taoyuan, Yang Ruiqing. It was completed in summer and April, with a larger scale than the original pavilion, and was named Taohuaguan. The Dashitang was renamed "Ancient Scholar's Academy" to commemorate the statue of Tao Yuanming.

After the founding of New China, the Party and the people's government attached great importance to the protection, restoration and development of Peach Blossom Garden. In 2008+0959, Hunan Province announced Taohuayuan as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. In 2008+0963, the cultural relics department of Hunan Province allocated funds to repair the poor forest bridge, the Xiyue Pavilion and other buildings, and repaired and painted other historical sites in Taohuayuan, in 2008+0973. Nie Fengting, Jixian Hall and other buildings. 1975, Taohuayuan Cultural Relics Management Office resumed. 1976, reconstruction of Taohuaguan Mountain Gate. 1977, the county government allocated funds to build the Jiazi Monument in Taoyuan. 1982, 1983 In 1983, the Provincial Department of Culture allocated funds to repair the water source pavilion, build a new stele gallery and engrave 65438. The county party committee and the government organized cadres at all levels of county-level units to plant 43 10 peaches in Taohuayuan in a week. 1984, the provincial water and electricity bureau allocated100000 yuan to build the Yiran bridge. 1986, the tourist road was restored and the Nie Feng Pavilion was restored again. The poor forest bridge was supposed to build the Qinrenzhai Hotel. 1988, Hunan provincial government announced its completion. 1000000000605 was listed as one of the top ten scenic spots in the province, and the Provincial Department of Culture allocated 400,000 yuan to repair the Gaogao Pavilion, which was completed in 1990. Although the Peach Blossom Garden was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, by the end of 1980s, it showed a new scale, a new look, a new vitality and a new artistic conception that had never been seen since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

When the era entered the 1990s, the spring breeze of China's reform and opening-up blew green the magical landscape of Peach Blossom Garden. From 199 1 to 1997, these seven years have become another heyday in the history of the restoration and development of Taohuayuan. Under the care of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, Provincial Government, Changde Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. The county government directly led this large-scale restoration and development work. 199 1, the Taohuayuan Scenic Area Management Office of Hunan Province was approved to be established, and it was upgraded from the original stock level to the deputy department level management organization. 199 1 winter solstice 1992 in the spring, the first phase of the restoration and development project was completed. Restored and newly built Peach Blossom Garden, Yuanmingyuan, Peach Blossom Lake, Liu Yuxi Caotang, Yonggui Pavilion, Huaying Pavilion, Double Star Pavilion, Wuliu Lake, Shuifu Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion, Huangwen Mountain Villa, Qinren Cave, Sudangtai, Qinrenju, Bamboo Gallery, Public Welfare Hall, Fengxian Temple, Zile Bridge, Qizong Pavilion and so on. Some scenic spots such as Taochuan Wanshou Palace (Shanggong), Tianning Monument, Garden Party, Eight Immortals Pavilion, Qin Cheng, Qin Gudong and Xuanting have been restored and newly built. In addition, a number of hotels, restaurants and other tourist facilities and infrastructure such as water supply and power supply have been built, and the cultural connotation of Peach Blossom Garden has been excavated. The Taolin, Yuanming Temple, Taohuaguan in Jixian Temple, Shuifu Pavilion, Observation Deck, Tianning Monument, Shui Yuan Wind Lantern and other scenic spots were transformed and matched. In 7 years, the third phase of the project invested 654.38+10,000 square meters, and more than 300 hectares were closed for afforestation. Plant 500,000 trees. In 2006, 5438+0, governments at all levels and higher authorities attached great importance to the restoration and development of Peach Blossom Garden, which expanded the total area of Peach Blossom Garden to 157.55 square kilometers, including the main scenic spot of Xanadu 15.8 square kilometers, and the water area of Wu Lingren Fishery Yuanjiang Scenic Area was 44.85 square kilometers.

Taohuayuan Scenic Area has complete service functions, including 3 reception places, 5 hotels, 87 large and small hotels, 1020 beds and 1800 seats. Program-controlled telephone, mobile communication, postal network and medical services are complete in the scenic spot. 200 1, Taohuayuan Scenic Area was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist area and a national demonstration unit to protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourism consumers.

On this basis, the seventh Peach Blossom Garden Fair and the third Peach Blossom Festival were successfully held, which attracted domestic and foreign merchants to come for sightseeing, adventure sightseeing, vacation and leisure, or to negotiate business and develop investment, making it a quiet place and a prosperous city. The ancient and mysterious Peach Blossom Garden is marching towards the future and the new century with a brand-new era style.