Discussion on greening management of residential quarters

With the rapid development of urban housing economy, people pay more attention to the greening of real estate and the creation of natural environment such as landscape in addition to the factors such as building lots, housing prices, location and transportation in residential areas, thus putting forward new and higher requirements for the greening construction of residential areas. At present, people's requirements for the living environment are no longer limited to the simple beautification of planting flowers and grass, but need to be in a high-quality living environment that integrates nature, culture and art. Therefore, developers have gradually begun to pay attention to the construction of park greening to meet people's physiological and psychological needs for greening, and constantly innovate and strive for perfection to create a beautiful living environment. In the design of modern residential areas, the greening rate is generally required to reach 30%, and even high-grade residential areas should reach 50%-60%. This will increase the content and cost of greening management in the future.

Greening management is an important part of property management. Many property managers are often not very clear about the content and key points of greening management, so that they ignore greening management. Even in management, it is impossible to start or do things by experience. Parks with many greening projects can hire full-time landscaping personnel, while those with few projects can let them grow naturally. Because of repairs, few people know how to maintain and manage them. In fact, seemingly simple greening contains many scientific principles. If we go against science and act only on subjective will, especially personal will, it will cause great losses.

First, the current situation of green environment and design in residential areas

Despite the rapid development of modern residential areas, there are still many problems in the greening construction of residential areas, which can be summarized as follows:

1, the design and planning concept of greening for greening has universality. The design of some residential areas is rough, which only meets the requirements of norms or greening laws and regulations, and lacks interesting and humanized sustainable greening space design. The greening of some communities even feels that people are excluded from the garden. Lawns, flower beds and green spaces are enclosed by iron fences and fences. Although the absolute coverage area of this greening is up to standard, its actual function of greening is far from playing a role, which is different from the theme greening (that is, on the one hand, there is a central courtyard as a part of the community; On the other hand, extending green to the outside of the window of every household, or letting residents walk into green, makes it a kind of enjoyment. ) on the contrary.

2. The greening design of the residential area is the same, and there is no personality. The greening of most residential areas has no characteristics and recognition, so it is difficult for visiting guests to find their position quickly and accurately. Many of them are lawns, with a small amount of Cycas, Rhododendron fortunei or juniper, red leaves and Berberis in the middle, which leads to the uniformity of vegetation and spatial layout in the community, obviously without giving full consideration to the psychological needs of residents. In fact, when developers pay attention to the green environment, they may wish to pay attention to the differences in the green environment, so that the real estate you develop can stand out from many real estates and be easy to identify.

3. Greening pays too much attention to a single lawn and ignores the plant community. In the greening of residential areas, there is a tendency to excessively pursue large-scale lawns. It is actually unscientific to build a lawn on a single scale. Compared with the plant community, the lawn is very ornamental, but not practical. Moreover, large-scale lawn maintenance and planting costs are high, and the future management and maintenance costs are also high, which will increase the economic burden of residents in residential areas. If one hectare of land is used for greening, if the lawn is planned to be built, it is necessary to buy about 200 kilograms of grass seeds, plus the working hours of sowing grass seeds, fertilizer, sand, red soil, lawn mulch, lawn sprinkler irrigation facilities, lawn pruning, weeding, fertilization, pest control and so on. And the cost is 65,430 of the same area of non-single lawn landscape (that is, the combined landscape of trees, shrubs, ground cover plants and herbal flowers).

4. The greening design is out of line with the maintenance after use. After many residential quarters were put into use, due to neglect of management and maintenance, the green environment was destroyed, and the water, electricity and solar energy facilities were out of touch, which seriously damaged the external environment of the residential quarters and greatly reduced the environmental quality of the residential quarters.

Second, the important role of residential greening

The greening of residential areas has created an environment full of life interest for people and is an important symbol of environmental quality. With the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, not only the residential building itself, but also the living environment is increasingly demanding. Therefore, the greening of residential areas plays an important role.

1, the greening of the community is mainly based on plants, which plays a good role in purifying the air, reducing dust and absorbing noise, and protecting the community environment. At the same time, it is also conducive to improving the microclimate, shading and cooling, preventing the sun from shining in the west, adjusting the temperature to reduce the wind speed, and promoting air exchange due to temperature difference when there is no wind in summer.

2.Orna's colorful flowers and trees, colorful plant arrangement, and a small number of architectural sketches, water bodies, etc. And use plant materials to divide the space, increase the level, beautify the face of the residential area, and make the residential complex more lively. At the same time, plants can also be used to cover ugly things.

3. In a good green environment, organize and attract residents' outdoor activities, so that the elderly and children can find their suitable places in the nearby green space, enjoy recreation, watch activities and engage in social interaction, which is conducive to people's physical and mental health, enhance mutual understanding among residents and live in harmony. It is pleasing to the eye and refreshing to form a good psychological effect and create a good outdoor environment.

4. In the greening of residential areas, beautiful and economical plants are selected for layout, so that ornamental, functional and economical functions are combined and good benefits are achieved.

It can be seen that the greening of residential areas is of great significance to the balance of urban artificial ecosystem, the beautification of urban appearance and the good effect on people's psychology. With the continuous improvement of people's aesthetic needs, the environmental landscape of residential areas began to show a diversified development trend, advocating simple and lively landscape design style. Environmental landscape also pays more attention to the comfort of residents' lives, which is not only appreciated but also used by people.

Three, the principle of residential greening

In recent years, with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the improvement of living environment requirements, more and more people begin to emphasize a new selection standard in the process of buying a house: landscape environment. That is, whether the natural landscape and human landscape in and around the residential area are rich and dynamic, and whether they are in harmony with the ecology. This ecological concept of modern life has injected new content into the environmental design of the park. Therefore, the greening of residential areas should adhere to convenience, safety, neatness and environmental protection. Starting from giving full play to the functions of the park, we will create a comfortable, beautiful, leisure, healthy and energetic park environment by building a high-grade and high-quality green environment. The selection of greening tree species in residential areas should follow the principle of adapting to local conditions and trees in suitable places.

Greening projects in residential areas generally include lawns, shrubs, trees and flowers. The setting of green planting requires overall art and coordinated layout, and tries to coordinate the changes of scenery in the four seasons. It is best to have flowers in all three seasons, and the flowering period should be combined, and the appreciation of flowers, fruits and leaves should be combined.

1, the greening configuration is mainly based on plant communities, giving consideration to lawns. In modern residential areas, plant community is the basis of green space environment, and plant landscape is the main body of green. Therefore, trees, shrubs, herbaceous flowers and lianas should be organically combined to form a rich and uncomplicated artificial garden plant community according to the similarity of their species and habits, so as to adapt to the natural environmental conditions in this area and give full play to the best ecological benefits. The best ecological benefit structure is arbor+shrub+grass (including ground cover and hedgerow), and the planting structure is arbor: shrub: grass: green space = 1: 6: 20: 29, which means that the green space of 29㎡ should have/kloc-0 per tree, 6 shrubs (excluding hedgerow) and 6 grasses (including hedgerow). This planting structure can create the best ecological benefits, which not only saves land, but also produces the best environmental and ecological benefits.

2. The greening layout should consider both centralization and decentralization. Modern residential areas should pay more attention to residents' communication, exercise and rest. How to organize some beneficial outdoor activities around the park green space, enrich the life of park residents and close interpersonal relationships, and consider the centralized central green space when planning and designing. However, the central green space that is too concentrated is difficult to be quiet, feeling empty and complicated in personnel exchanges. In real life, it is inconvenient to manage, which invisibly distances most residents in the park. In order to solve this contradiction, we should also consider designing some scattered green blocks in the greening design to form some relatively quiet spaces, which is conducive to the rest and life of the residents in the park.

3. The practicability and artistry of greening design. The greening of residential areas is different from the design of parks. In the design and construction of residential areas, attention should be paid to practical effects and aesthetic art. Modern residential area is an ecological living environment with nature as the main axis, which embodies people's emotional and cultural taste orientation. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate humanistic connotation into its landscape effect expression and create an interesting living space. In the planning and design, the residents' requirements should also be fully considered to meet the needs of children's play, activities for the elderly, tea and chess, and residents' physical exercise and fitness.

4. The function and form of greening design are unified. The design must be carried out according to different climatic characteristics, different living habits of residents and different requirements of outdoor activities. Trees, shrubs and lawns should have a reasonable proportion to achieve the best ecological and landscaping effects. Park greening design is a multi-dimensional three-dimensional space art design and a space environment design characterized by natural beauty. It has not only plane composition, but also three-dimensional composition, and it is also a plastic art integrating plants, architecture and sketches. Greening should have a unified form, and then seek changes in all parts in the unified form. We should make full use of design techniques such as contrast and harmony, rhythm and rhythm, and master-slave collocation to carry out planning and design.

5. Greening design should be adapted to local conditions and borrowed skillfully. The purpose of greening residential areas is to satisfy residents' life and create a warm home close to nature and good ecology in the noisy city. Based on the principle of economic application, it adapts measures to local conditions, uses it skillfully, makes full use of the original topography, and achieves the realm of integration of design and local customs and cultural atmosphere with the least investment and the simplest maintenance. The greening of residential areas is closely related to the daily life of residents, and it is more functional and practical.

6, residential green space planning should be people-oriented. The green space in the park is closest to the residents' life. Planning and design should not only consider the balance between plant configuration and building composition, but also consider the requirements of residents' life for ventilation, lighting and sunshine. The collocation of flowers and trees should be concise and lively, and the choice of tree species should be designed according to the three seasons and evergreen seasons, and different regions should be distinguished according to local conditions. In northern areas such as Shenyang, the spring breeze is strong in winter and the sun is like fire in summer. The basic form of greening design should be mixed layer of arbor, shrub and grass, and it is not suitable to give priority to open lawn, and the evergreen tree species should be no less than 2/5. In addition, people-oriented is not to cater to people's interests, but more importantly, to influence people, cultivate people and improve their level and taste through the environment.

7. The greening of residential areas should be suitable for the ground and trees. Building houses in residential parks has caused great damage to the original soil, and the construction waste is buried in situ, which further worsens the soil condition. Therefore, we should choose native tree species with poor resistance, strong resistance and extensive management, and combine with planting fast-growing tree species to ensure the survival rate of planting and the early landscape of the environment. We should also consider the proper collocation of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and flowers, the collocation of fruit trees, medicinal materials and ornamental plants, and the application of various means of plane greening and three-dimensional greening.

Four, the choice and configuration of greening tree species in modern residential areas

The general principles for the selection of greening tree species in residential areas are:

1, the biological characteristics of plants should be fully considered, so as to be suitable for the ground and trees. That is to say, according to natural conditions such as climate, soil and water, choose tree species that can grow healthily. The usual practice is to choose native tree species and local varieties.

2, can maximize its use function, meet the needs of people's life and rest.

V. Contents of greening management and maintenance in residential areas

The improvement of greening rate in residential areas and the increase of greening varieties put forward new requirements for greening management in property management. Greening management is a seasonal job, and the contents of greening management and maintenance in residential areas include watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilizing, weeding, pruning and budding, pest control, righting and replanting (seedling fee is extra). Only through proper management and maintenance can we ensure the green environment of the community, improve the environmental quality and realize the value-added of the property.

1, fertilization Fertilize regularly according to the greening types and apply organic fertilizer to the trees once a year; Shrubs, hedges and bag seedlings are fertilized once every quarter; Herbs are fertilized once a quarter. And determine the amount of fertilization according to the variety, and adopt appropriate methods. For example, 0.25 kg cake fertilizer is applied to each tree, 0. 1 kg compound fertilizer and mixed urea are applied to each tree, and then the trees are covered with soil, and the water infiltration depth is greater than 10 cm. Shrubs, hedgerows, bagged seedlings and herbs are fertilized once every quarter, and urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg is applied every 667m2. Fertilization methods such as spreading, water and fertilizer should be adopted.

2. Pruning and weeding. According to the specific situation of plant growth, determine the number of pruning. Keep trees growing naturally. Generally, trees do not need pruning. Cut off the yellow branches, pests and diseases, shady branches and drooping branches that hinder traffic in time, and clean up the trimmings in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to ensure that there are no weeds. Shrubs, hedges and bag seedlings need to be trimmed into circles, squares or cones. They should be repaired once a week and overhauled once a month. Cut mouth should be smooth and beautiful, pruned objects should be removed in time, dead branches and diseases and insect pests should be cut off in time, old diseased plants should be replanted in time, and weeds should be removed once a week. Herbs should cut off residual flowers and weeds once a week, and cut off dead branches and yellow branches in time. Especially pruning in winter, and comprehensively pruning deciduous trees; Dead branches, residual branches, insect branches and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings should be trimmed.

3, drenching water. Generally, plants should be watered after fertilization to ensure the effective absorption of fertilizer. Shrubs, hedges, bagged seedlings and herbs should be watered once within three hours after fertilization and once a day (except in rainy days). The water seepage depth is greater than 10 cm, which ensures that plants have sufficient water and are easy to grow. Pay attention to antifreeze watering in winter green space. In addition to watering in time, drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

4. replant. Spring is a good time to plant trees. After the soil thaws, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Before planting trees and shrubs, do a good job in planning and design, dig (plane) tree pits in advance, and water them as they are dug, transported and planted, so as to improve the survival rate of seedlings. Trees and shrubs have well-developed roots, strong growth, no pests and diseases, and the specifications and shapes meet the design requirements. And achieve the principle of vigorous growth, plump posture, excellent varieties and close seedling sources. Leaf-watching plants should have bright leaves and plump leaves. At the same time, the size of planting holes and planting grooves should be determined according to the root system of seedlings, the diameter of soil balls and soil conditions. Caverns and slots must be dug vertically, and the top and bottom are equal. Planting should check the varieties, specifications and planting position of seedlings according to the requirements of design drawings. Conventional planting should be balanced and symmetrical. Trees planted along the street or in rows and columns should be lined up. The specifications of adjacent plants should be reasonably matched, and the height, trunk diameter and tree shape should be similar. Trees planted should be upright and not inclined. Attention should be paid to the reasonable orientation of the viewing surface and the suitable planting density. Hedges should be evenly spaced, with the plump side of the tree facing outward, and evenly matched according to the height of the seedlings and the size of the trunk. The hedges trimmed and formed in the nursery should be planted according to the shape, with the same depth. When planting trees with soil balls, the non-perishable packaging must be removed. Precious tree species should take measures such as spraying crown, moisturizing trunk and spraying rooting hormone.

5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. The most common pests of trees are scale insects, moths and longicorn beetles. Winter is a good season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of Dendrolimus punctatus can be dug up in the loose soil under the tree and burned. Controlling pests in winter often gets twice the result with half the effort. Prevention of pests and diseases should be carried out according to seasons. For example, in the middle of 1 month, scale insects begin to move, but at this time, they move slowly, so we can take the method of scraping off the larvae on the trunk. March is a critical moment to control pests and diseases. Some seedlings appeared in sooty blotch, as did Euonymus japonicus (controlled by spraying pesticides such as cartap). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control moths. Cattle begin to move in April. Larvae can be taken out with grafting knife or homemade steel wire, but the smaller the wound, the better. In the middle and late June, caterpillars enter the peak of incubation period, so measures should be taken in time. At present, the method of spraying 50% cartap emulsion to dilute 500 times is basically adopted.

2 1 century, people-oriented residential areas combine economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits, break the concept of fixed planning, pay attention to creating the best living environment and living conditions, and make the planning of the park meet the requirements of economic, environmental and social functions. With the increase of greening area, the greening management of residential areas has gradually become professional and has become a comprehensive subject of property management. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the importance of greening management and master greening skills.