What is the difference between home care, community care and institutional care?

The biggest difference between home care, community care and institutional care is the service location: home care is at home, community care is in the nearby community, and institutional care is in the nursing home; In terms of service content, although the three are different, they overlap each other; In service organizations, there is no difference between the three; In other words, as long as the ability permits, an institution can engage in home-based care, community-based care and institutional care at the same time. Home care, community care and institutional care are three words we often hear. Many organizations also regard this as the positioning and label of their own business. But in reality, are we really that clear about the difference between the three? For example, aren't all pension services provided by institutions? For another example, what is the relationship between on-site service provided by community pension institutions and home-based pension? Many local governments widely use "family-based community pension" and "community-based family pension" in their documents, which further increases this confusion. 20 1 1, 1 In February, 2008, the General Office of the State Council issued the Social Pension Service System Construction Plan (20 1 1-20 15). This is the first time since the founding of New China that the country has included the construction of social pension service system in the scope of special planning. The definition of home-based care, community-based care and institutional care in Planning is that home-based care services cover life care, domestic service, rehabilitation care, medical care and spiritual comfort. , the above services are the main forms. Community care service is an important support of home care service, which has two functions: community day care and home care support, and mainly provides services for the elderly who are temporarily absent or unable to take care of during the day in the community. Institutional pension service focuses on facility construction, and its basic pension service function is realized through facility construction. In short, home-based care for the aged mainly serves the elderly who are in good health and can basically take care of themselves, providing home services; Community pension mainly serves the elderly who are temporarily absent or unable to take care of during the day in the community, providing fixed-point and regular services; Institutional pension mainly serves the disabled and semi-disabled elderly and provides fixed-point full-time services. The biggest difference between the three is the service location: home-based pension in the family, community pension in the nearby community, and institutional pension in the nursing home. In terms of service content, although they are different, they overlap with each other. There is no difference between them in terms of service organizations. In other words, as long as the ability permits, an institution can engage in home-based care, community-based care and institutional care at the same time. It is one of the important characteristics of the development of China's old-age service system during the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period to change from institutional pension to community pension. The background of this change is the rapid development of institutional pension. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the number of institutions and facilities for the aged nationwide increased from10.6 million to 329,000, and the number of beds increased from 6.727 million to 82 1 10,000. Second, the state places more emphasis on strengthening urban and rural community services. For the first time, the construction plan of urban and rural community service system was listed as one of the key special plans during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Urban and Rural Community Service System was issued. Third, with the advent of an aging society, it is impossible for us to put about one-third of the elderly people outside the society and consider their life and survival alone. As an important support of home-based care for the aged, community care for the aged is one of the basic old-age security means for most people in the future. Providing old-age care services through old-age care stations or service centers established in communities is the main form of community-based old-age care. In the past, in order to standardize services and facilitate supervision, the community pension mainly adopted the positive list system, that is, providing prescribed behaviors for prescribed objects. For example, it can only serve the elderly over 60 years old, and young people can't use it; We can only provide food and cleaning services within the prescribed scope, and we can't even sell crutches, adult diapers and other elderly products. As a result, there are few objects, weak service contents and poor sustainability of community pension services. Many community pension institutions feel unable to establish a business model and can only rely on government blood transfusion and various subsidies to barely maintain it. On June 5438+February, 2020, Beijing took the lead in implementing the negative list system for the management of pension stations, clarifying the "ten prohibitions" in the stations, including prohibiting bullying, deception and abuse of the elderly, prohibiting the sale of funds, trusts, third-party financial management and P2P peer-to-peer loans to the elderly, and prohibiting the collection of high membership fees, deposits or membership cards from the elderly. As long as the station does not violate the negative list of management, it can independently carry out various market-oriented pension services according to law. The introduction of the negative list system has loosened the community pension institutions, provided an innovative environment and possibility, and some unique practices have emerged and developed. First, private clinics do community pension. It is absolutely new for medical institutions to be post stations, especially in the medical field, whose professional ability far exceeds that of ordinary community pension institutions. By providing services for the elderly, private clinics can quickly establish a sense of trust and dependence with the elderly, laying the foundation for the follow-up paid medical services. Second, nursing homes do community pension. The service ability of nursing homes is also not available in general community pension institutions. Community nursing in nursing homes can not only increase the income of nursing homes, but also enhance the reputation of nursing homes and increase the number of customers. Third, property agencies do community pension. The advantages of property agencies in community pension lie in their natural advantages in distance and their professional abilities in security, cleaning and warranty. Property can get more benefits through the expansion of community pension. Fourth, community e-commerce is doing community pension. Community e-commerce is good at using social media tools to fully mobilize the activity and communication power of community members, and can quickly socialize individual elderly people through social networking tools. The activity of the old-age community has undoubtedly brought higher income to community e-commerce. Fifth, the canteen should provide for the elderly in the community. Food is the most important thing for people. While getting nutrition, the dining table is also our most natural and familiar communication place. Some canteens take dining for the elderly as the starting point, or cover the surrounding areas, or face all ages, effectively increasing income and providing community services for the elderly. Sixth, the farm vegetable garden does community pension. On the one hand, the farm vegetable garden provides fresh vegetables and fruits for the elderly; On the other hand, it is to organize the elderly to pick in the farm garden. There is no doubt that both methods will increase the income of farm gardens. Interestingly, the above six practices are often accused of "selling dog meat by hanging sheep's head". However, critics may forget that "the wool is on the dog and the pig pays the bill" is not one of the new models of modern marketing? Most importantly, the elderly need to get barrier-free medical care, pension, property, shopping and catering services in a simple and convenient way. On the premise of resolutely avoiding the damage to the interests of the elderly, we should see the positive role of these practices in helping the elderly. Can banks do community pension in the future? 70% of the bank's deposits are in the hands of the elderly, and 70% of the business happens to the elderly. Why can't the bank do it? Can supermarkets do community pension? Except at noon and at night, the shoppers in the supermarket are mostly elderly people. Can the takeaway platform do community pension? Riders outside the peak of eating goods seem to have such time and energy. For those glamorous and enterprising community-based old-age care institutions, in the face of such dimension reduction, radiation and cross-border attacks, time is running out to actively adjust and break the cocoon into a butterfly.