Brief introduction of Madame de Pompadour's life

Madame de Pompadour (French: Madame de Pompadour),172165438+February 29-1April 764 15), also translated into Madame de Pompadour, whose full names are Jenny-Antoinette Poisson and Melanie-Antoinette. Is a controversial historical figure. She used to be a strong woman with an iron fist. With her talent, Madame de Pompadour influenced the rule of Louis XV and French art. He and his brother planned many palace buildings, such as Louis XV Square (now Place de la Concorde). She sheltered all kinds of craftsmen and most encyclopedic authors, promoted Duke choiseul as a minister, allied with the Habsburg family in Austria and opposed the Protestant princes in Germany. After the defeat of the seven-year war, he contracted tuberculosis and died. The rise and fall of Pompadou is almost as legendary as Napoleon. Her name is Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, and she was born in a humble middle-class family in Paris. Her father Franois Poisson married a famous young beauty in his forties. Poisson travels a lot because of his work. At one time, he had to live abroad for a long time in order to escape the prison caused by speculation. During this period, it was rumored that Mrs. Poisson was having an affair. There was a long debate about who was Jenny's biological father. She is like her godfather Charles Fran &; Ccedilois Paul Le Norman de Tournehem, and later the rich godfather became her legal guardian. However, it is said that taxpayer Tournem also had an affair with his mother. It is hard for contemporary people to believe that this radiant little girl will be the daughter of a layman like Poisson.

Tournem sponsored Jenny to receive a good education and arranged for her to marry her nephew Etios. Through this marriage, she got a&; Eacute is located in a property in the tiolles area (28km from Paris). Charles helped Tina enter the society. In the salon of high society, Mrs. Etios met Voltaire, a great cultural figure, and he became a mentor and friend of Mrs. Etios all her life. Voltaire praised her for "having a careful and delicate brain and a heart full of justice", although his judgment may be a little dizzy because of her infatuation.

When Jenny was nine years old, a famous witch predicted that she would become the king's mistress. 1730 Louis XV not only really holds absolute secular power, but also is a handsome prince charming who is only twenty years old. It is not hard to imagine that any young girl would dream of his love. However, when he was fifteen years old, he married a Polish princess Mary Lezinska, who was not outstanding, and he liked her very much. Nevertheless, Mrs Poisson encouraged her baby "Little Queen" not to give up Cinderella's dream. The queen of France is seven years older than her husband. 1745, when Louis XV met Madame Etios, Lessinska was already a boring 42-year-old woman, the mother of seven children, including five princesses to be married and a pretentious crown prince. She has completed her duties and now focuses on prayer, gambling (but unlucky) and charity activities. Louis's courtiers often look for women for him. It is said that a courtier is Mrs Besson's lover. But as a devout power figure, he always chooses his formal mistress from the nobles with swords. At this time, he is looking for a new favorite, and all factions in the court have their own candidates. However, except for Mrs. Etios and her associates, everyone thinks that this disgraced woman has no one to rely on. However, after careful planning, the reputation of "the most beautiful woman in Paris" spread like wildfire in the court. Members of the royal family sometimes hunt in the forest near her home. There, "she was either dressed in light blue and sitting in a pink carriage, or dressed in pink and sitting in a light blue carriage," stopped at the king's only road and finally caught his attention.

Jenny has no intention of becoming a passer-by in the history of the king. According to her own statement, she finally became the king's mistress at a fancy dress ball in Versailles. The king and his attendants dressed up as trimmed yew hedges, and a yew tree quietly left with the gentle and light goddess Di Anna. After taking off the mask, it turned out to be your majesty and Mrs. Etios. In the next few weeks, her carriage kept appearing on the way in and out of Versailles. In March, she became the king's mistress and was arranged to live in the apartment downstairs of the king of Versailles. On May 7th, she officially announced her divorce.

1745, France went to war with Austria, the Netherlands and Britain. After Louis XV had a new love, he went to the front in high spirits, while Madame Etios returned home and began to prepare for the king's audience. Louis wrote a love letter almost every day, added Madame Etios as Marquise Pompadou, and got a fief coat of arms and a castle named after it. The fate of her family has also changed: her very close brother has the title of Marquis of Vandier; Her nominal father, because in the eyes of nobles, was far from worthy of enjoying the elegance of court life, was abandoned and eventually completely forgotten; And her husband, a man who is useless to her, but still can't see the situation clearly and doesn't know how to restrain his royal new love, got a divorce and was deported. The new marquise has an amazing memory. In just one summer, she learned how to walk and talk like a lady, and also mastered the unique life precepts of the palace, especially the king. Louis XV was very proud of his transformation. However, the Marquise hardly bothered to change her civic style. She always speaks loudly and rudely, smiles happily and doesn't put on airs. Even Louis was attracted by some of her language styles. In any case, on the day she entered the palace, although the court was full of hostility and prepared to crush her completely with sarcasm, she became the perfect embodiment with calm and elegant generosity. About Pompadu, people almost think that fairies may have made a bet or decided to create a perfect female specimen as their toys on impulse. So, they gave their own advantages and characteristics to this living doll, just to see how this talent will affect her in this world and how she will use it. Like all sluts, her singing haunts people's minds and is unforgettable. She always tries to please Louis and charm the king with her. She also organized a drama troupe to perform professional amateur dramas in several private theaters specially built by herself, each of which was very expensive. During the five-year career of this troupe, the red man around the king starred in and directed 122 performances of 62 operas, plays and ballets, all of which are said to surpass some famous comedies in France.

However, the future will not be a carefree road covered with flowers, and it is not a carefree thing to be a king's mistress. Her king is notoriously restless and fickle. She had to exert all her personal talents, charm and intelligence to maintain his feelings for her, and even designed some extravagant pleasures that made her infamous. In return, she got a castle, a bedroom at Versailles and the position of queen's waiter. The king called her a "flawless miracle" and granted her the privilege of expressing opinions on important government affairs.

Unlike the Queen or other lovers, Madame de Pompadour accompanied Louis to hunt, play cards, take part in parades, and even postponed dinner for him, praising him in his own plays. On the other hand, she asked a painter to paint her portrait and asked the painter to paint her face younger to attract the attention of the emperor. Her control over the king was particularly evident in the failure of Marie-Louise Orpheus de Boyce. 1755, Maria Luise, Louis' former mistress, married Jacques de Beaufranc, a nobleman of Overwien, because of her youth and inexperience. Their son Louis Desai later followed Napoleon in the French Revolution.

Politically, she supported General Belier and Duke Joseph. The police and postal ministers in Madame de Pompadour and Paris became close friends to get information and communicate with Louis. Austria, defeated by Prussia in the 1756 Austrian war of succession to the throne, intends to take revenge and seek the support of France in the early stage of the war against Prussia. At the instigation of Madame de Pompadour (some historians point out that this was Madame de Pompadour's intention to consolidate her position through war), Louis XV decided to take part in the Seven Years' War. In fact, the war was controlled by Madame de Pompadour, and the generals at the front even received a battle map with her eyebrows painted. The seven-year war caused heavy losses to France and lost a large number of overseas colonies.

She once supported Cardinals bernice and Joysu. She participated in the family alliance to suppress the Jesuits and the Paris Treaty (1763).

But many people in the court didn't like her, and the nobles thought it was indecent for the king to follow such a civilian. Because of her surname, she is often teased as poisson nades(poisson means "fish" in French).

But the fly in the ointment is that Pompadu is weak and suffers from chronic migraine, lung disease and gynecological diseases. 42 years old, died of incense. Some people say that she died of myocardial infarction, and some people say that the hummingbird lifestyle exhausted her life.

During Louis' care, they always ran around. Most of her energy and a considerable part of the kingdom's tax revenue are squandered on buying a house, building a house and decorating it. In fact, it is one shelter after another. In a magnificent and elegant castle, in a secluded place, you don't have to observe strict court etiquette, but you can also avoid the critical eyes of thousands of pairs of eyes. Louis XV even liked to make a cup of coffee for them after dinner. In the nearly twenty years before her death, in the second luxurious bedroom of Versailles, Pompadou ruled the whole country as the de facto queen of France-the first elite civil servant in France. Later generations can't help but suspect that Pompadu, like the most brilliant imperial doctor, gave Louis XV a dose of good medicine that was neither too much nor too little. Like her mother, she gave him unconditional comfort and kept him in a semi-coma forever, forming a habit and dependence on herself to restrict his power and anger. Then, when she needs him to break into a furious rage or spread his favor for personal benefit, she will use the killer weapon of love.

The legitimate queen is surprisingly tolerant of her new opponent. In return, the king's mistress also respects and obeys her Majesty very much. Shortly after they started having an affair, the new favorite persuaded the king to pay off the gambling debts for the queen, redecorated her dilapidated bedroom, and gave the queen a golden snuff bottle originally intended for Mrs. Poisson. Finally, she suggested that the queen accept her as a waitress (this is an honor reserved for the duchess who has not made any mistakes). In that case, her own status will also be improved morally. However, she didn't do it.

Under the previous hierarchy, no royal mistress was equal to the queen, but this one made herself the master of the king. Even when she lost her charming face and Louis XV found someone else to satisfy her desires, Pompadou was able to consolidate and strengthen her power and prestige. Before her death, whether it was a young girl in Louis XV's private brothel "Luyuan", or a cabal that constantly tried to take her down from the palace, or ordinary people who accused her of extravagant life leading to exorbitant taxes and famine, or regarded her as a deeply Christian priest who betrayed the evil roots of the church and family, or a military fiasco in the Seven Years' War (her improper choice and those stupid maps were hard to quit), except Napoleon, robespierre and Charles de Gaulle. But, even so, what did she get?

Father Baines, adviser and close friend of Pompadou, wrote, "The Marquise has nothing to do with the bad behavior of those ambitious women. However, like those women who are intoxicated with their beauty and self-esteem, she is narrow-minded and untrustworthy. " Diderot's final judgment on her was even harsher: "This woman has spent so much of our manpower and financial resources, left us no glory and strength, and destroyed the entire political system in Europe. Besides, what does she have left? Treaty of Versailles (1783); You will get Boussaton's mistress, and you will always admire it; Some stone carvings created by Guy will amaze future antique dealers; People occasionally take a look at the beautiful portrait of the Fan Luo family; There is also a loess. " If she had served France as much as she loved Louis XV, the Bourbon dynasty might have continued. What she left to the world, apart from a group of amazing properties that took a year to estimate clearly, is probably only a mystery: did Pompadu fulfill or betray a great fate? This mystery is still worth pondering. Madame Pombadou had two miscarriages in 1746 and 1749, and the death of her beloved daughter Fangfang in 1754 was a great blow to Madame de Pompadour. But she still tried her best to reduce the number of lovers around Louis XV to ensure her status. Although they stopped being lovers after 1750 years, Louis still kept friendship with her. She died of tuberculosis when she was 42. After her death, her enemies publicly accused her of being responsible for the Seven Years' War. When Madame de Pompadour died, her ungrateful lover, Louis XV, watched her coffin leave in the rain, with a little sadness. She just said, "Madam, there was no good weather on the trip."